Kudzala mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zamalimwe ndikumalowetsa nthaka

Kuphatikiza mitengo yazipatso ndi zitsamba zamasika mchaka chofunikira kwambiri chisamaliro, chifukwa kukongoletsa, kukula ndi zipatso zimadalira. Nthangala zokongola zimathetsa nthaka, chifukwa zimafunikira chakudya chaka chilichonse. Ndi chifukwa chake ndikuyenera kudyetsa mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Zofunikira zofunikira zomanga m'nthaka zimatengedwa ngati chinsinsi cha maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso zochuluka. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi yake kumalimbitsa mitengo, komanso kukutetezani ku matenda.

Mitundu ya feteleza, momwe zimakhudzira

Masika akafika ndipo kutentha kwa mlengalenga kukwera, tchire lonse ndi mitengo ntchito zamasamba zimagwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi munthawi imeneyi zimafunika michere yambiri. Monga lamulo, pakudyetsa osatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi ya feteleza:

• Zachuma
• Zamoyo

Feteleza m'thumba

Zamoyo

Ma feteleza achilengedwe amathandizira pakukula kwakukula komanso kukula koyenera kwa mbewu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Manyowa;
• Ndowa zonyamula;
• Peat;
• Sawdust;
• Siderata (unyinji wobiriwira wa udzu wosiyanasiyana wobalalika pansi);
• Kompositi (mitundu yonse ya zinthu zowola).

Kubzala mitengo ndi zitsamba mchaka pogwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kumakuthandizani kuti mulemeretse nthaka ndi michere yambiri yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa mbewu. Zamoyo zimatulutsa mpweya woipa wambiri ndipo zimapatsa mbewu zam'mlengalenga.

Gawo lodziwika bwino la zinthu zachilengedwe limakhalapo nthawi yayitali komanso limagwira pansi mpaka zaka zisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zazachilengedwe zimawonjezera ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono padziko lapansi ndipo ndi sing'anga wa michere kwa iwo.

Kuthirira nthaka ndi manja anu

Komanso mothandizidwa ndi kuvala organic pamwamba mutha:

• Chulukitsani nthaka ndi humus;
• Kuonjezera mayamwidwe ndikusintha kapangidwe ka nthaka;
• Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikukula (auxin, heteroauxin, gibberellin) m'nthaka;
• Kusintha madzi, kutentha ndi mpweya munthaka.

Kompositi ya zomerazi imakhala ndi malo amchere; zikafika pansi, nthaka acidity imachepetsedwa ndipo mbewu zimatha kutetezedwa kumatenda.

Feteleza wachilengedwe - humus mu wilibala

Zachuma

Zophatikiza michere ndi feteleza wamafuta opangidwa ndi njira zochitira kupanga. Zimasakanizika mosavuta ndi zomera, ngati mulingo wosankhidwa molakwika, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ngati wotere kumatha kupangitsa kuti maonekedwe a matenda kapena ngakhale kufa kwa mbewu. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, ma mineral complexes ndi:

• Nitrogen
• Phosphoric;
• Potashi.

Nitrogen

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni amathandizira pakukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, zimathandizira kukula kwa unyinji wobiriwira, kuwonjezera zipatso ndikuwongolera zipatso. Kuperewera kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuti maluwa ndi zipatso apangidwe kale.

Phosphoric

Kuphatikiza feteleza wokhala ndi phosphorous kumalimbitsa mizu, kumathandizira kukana kwa mtengowo kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kusintha bwino ndi kakomedwe ka zipatso.

Potashi

Zimawonjezera zokolola, zimawonjezera kukana kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi matenda a fungus. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potashi kumalimbikitsa kukula ndi zipatso.

Kuphatikiza michere - phosphorous ndi potashi

Kodi ndi momwe manyowa m'munda mu masika

Pofuna kupewa chisokonezo, liti, chiyani komanso kuchuluka kwa umuna wopangira, ndikofunikira kutsatira dongosolo lina.

Feteleza nayitrogeni mu Marichi

Zomera zam'munda zimayamba kudya kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Kubwera kwa masika, mbewu zikufunika kwambiri nayitrogeni. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawonekedwe a feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni ali ndi njira zambiri, chifukwa chomera chilichonse chimasankhidwa mosiyanasiyana:

• Urea (urea), humus ndi zitosi za mbalame, monga lamulo, zimapatsa maapulo ndi mapeyala;
• Carbamide ndi nitrate chakudya plums ndi yamatcheri;
• Tchire la Berry manyowa nitrophosic ndi potaziyamu;
• Kwa tchire, kuvala muzu kuchokera ku phulusa la nkhuni ndi urea kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito (4 tbsp.spoons wa phulusa ndi 3 tbsp.spoons za urea kusungunuka 10 malita a madzi).

Chithunzi 5 Fertilizer imalowetsedwa mu thunthu la mitengo

Momwe mungadyetsere mundawo mu Epulo

Maluwa atawonekera pazomera zipatso m'mundamo, pomwe nthambuyo yoyamba, ndi masamba achichepere, ndikofunikira kuthira manyowa a potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Phosphorous imathandizira kuti mizu yake ikhale yolimba ndikukula bwino, potaziyamu imathandizira pakukula bwino kwa nthambi zammbali. Mitundu iwiriyi ya feteleza imayenera kuyikidwa panjira.

Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, maofesi okhala ndi phosphorous amawonjezeredwa panthaka, theka lachiwiri la mwezi mutha kumeza manyowa ndi feteleza. M'zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo, mitengo ndi tchire zitaphuka, zinthu za organic zimawonjezeredwa. Pankhaniyi, kuphatikiza manyowa kukhala othandiza kwambiri.

Feteleza ndi manja awiri amchere

Kudyetsa komaliza

Mu Meyi, mitengo yazipatso idakhazikika ndi mawonekedwe. Munthawi imeneyi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kudyetsa mitengo yazipatso mu kasupe - ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zokha (humus, kompositi, humus).

Ma bus ndi mitengo zimadyetsedwa malinga ndi njira zotsatirazi (posankha):

• M'nthaka mozungulira mbewuzo, pang'onopang'ono zopangirazo ziyenera kupangidwa ndikuthira feteleza momwemo. Iyi ndi njira yofala kwambiri;
• Feteleza wamwazikana mozungulira mtengo kapena chitsamba ndi kukumbidwa pamodzi ndi dothi lochokera pamalowo;
• Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa chomeracho idamasulidwa kale, kuthira manyowa komanso kusakaniza ndi nthaka;
• Manyowa osakanikirana ndi mulch ndipo wokutidwa ndi osakaniza ndi thunthu la mtengo.
• Pakati pa Meyi, maluwa ambiri a zitsamba za mabulosi amapezeka, choncho amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi yankho la slurry kapena urea.

Greenhouse kasupe tillage

Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yopangira nthaka m'nkhokwe ndikumapeto kwa March kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo. Chifukwa cha izi, potashi ndi phosphorous maesito, manyowa, humus ndi zitosi za nkhuku zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa feteleza, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito humus, imathandizira kutenthetsa nthaka bwino ndikudzaza ndi zinthu zofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo ndikudyetsa mbewu, kusankha mosamala Mlingo, popeza kuphatikiza mosayenera kumatha kuwononga lonse lapansi.

Muli zitsamba za zipatso za feteleza

Kudyetsa zipatso zitsamba ndikwabwino, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugawa feteleza mozungulira mzere wonse wamalire. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:

• Ndikofunika kuyika feteleza wa urea ndi amadzimadzi, onse pansi pa chipatso komanso pansi pa chitsamba chophatikizira nthawi zosiyanasiyana;
• Osagwiritsa ntchito phosphorous yokhala ndi mavalidwe apamwamba komanso phala la laffff nthawi yomweyo;
• Pamaso kudyetsa, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewu bwino, chifukwa ngati simunazimitsa kuzika mizu;
• Pamawonekedwe owala ndi nthawi yotentha kwambiri, mbewu sizipatsidwa chakudya, ndipo chilimwe sichiyenera izi.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo ya organic

Mbewu yovala masika

Kubzala mbande ndikofunikira kwambiri, makamaka zaka zoyambirira mutabzala. M'nthaka yodzala ndi michere, mbewu zobzalidwa mizu imakhazikika mwachangu, zimakula ndikukula bwino, komanso zimapirira nthawi yozizira.

Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba

Kuvala pamwamba pamtengo pamtunda masika - kupopera mbewu mitengo ndi zitsamba ndi feteleza, pomwe zinthu zopindulitsa zimatengedwa kudzera masamba ndi zimayambira. Ndikwabwino kupopera mbewu m'mawa kapena madzulo. Povala zovala zapamwamba, njira zothetsera zakonzedwa molingana ndi mfundo zofananira ndi mavalidwe apamwamba pamizu, koma kuphatikizika kwawo kuyenera kukhala theka.

Kutsogolera kuvala mtengo pamwamba

Muzu wazakudya

Ndi chovala pamwamba pamizu, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji m'nthaka, kutsimikizika kwa michere kumachitika kudzera m'mizu. Ma feteleza amadzimadzi amawonetsedwa m'minda yopanda pafupi ndi mbewu. Amapangidwa mozungulira pamalire a korona. Ngati dothi lili louma kwambiri maola angapo musanayambe kuthira manyowa, ndikofunikira kuthirira mitengo.

Njira zopangira zovala:

1. Popanda kuphatikizika, kumangomwaza panthaka;
2. Ndikuphatikizidwa ndi dothi ndi kola kapena harepa;
3. Imodzi ndi kuthirira (zothetsera zamadzi).

Njira ziwiri zoyambirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mvula yamvula idatuluka. Njira yachitatuyi ndiyothandiza kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito mwachangu, makamaka pomwe inali nthawi yophukira.

Pofuna kukonzekera kuvala kwamadzimadzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza amene amasungunuka bwino m'madzi, monga:

• Kusalala;
• Zitosi za nkhuku;
• Mullein;
• Nitrogen, potashi ndi phosphorous feteleza.

Kukonzekera chakudya kuchokera kuzitsulo:

1. Phulusa la nkhuni, ndowe ndi humus limatengedwa ndalamazo, ndikuyika chidebe pa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndikuthiriridwa pamwamba ndi madzi.
2. Kuumirira kwa sabata, kuyambitsa tsiku lililonse.
3. Musanagwire ntchito panthaka, phatikizani ndi madzi mogwirizana ndi gawo la 1:10.

Feteleza wa Mullein amachitika motere:

1. Chidebe chija chimadzaza ndi mullein.
2. Pamwamba mpaka pamwamba ndi madzi.
3. Zosakanizidwa.
4. Siyani kukapatsa kwa masiku 10-14.

Feteleza ndi Kutenthetsa nthaka mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mlimi wofesayo ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 2 asanalowe mu dothi.

Feteleza kuchokera ku manyowa a nkhuku amachitidwa motere: 500 g ya manyowa amakanizidwa ndi malita awiri amadzi, kugwedezeka bwino ndipo njira yotsatirayo imayambitsidwa m'nthaka.

Superphosphates (300 g) amathiridwa ndi madzi (5 l) asanalowetsedwe m'nthaka, ndikuumirizidwa ndikulekanitsidwa ndi phompho. Thirani madzi ndikuumirira katatu osathira pansi.

Kubzala zipatso m'munda wamalimwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kwa mitengo yonse komanso mabulosi. Sizotheka kukolola bwino popanda kuphatikiza feteleza, kuwonjezera, tchire zodyetsedwa ndi mitengo zimatha kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo. Kuphatikiza pa umuna, ndikofunikanso kuthirira mitengo bwino.