Momwe maiku amakulira, ndi momwe ma kanjedza amawonekera

Tundu wa kanjedza - zipatso zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu ngati chakudya chamtengo wapatali, zipatso zouma zimagulitsidwa. Kuti muwone momwe madeti amakulira komanso chaka ndi chaka amabweretsa zipatso zochulukirapo 60-80 kg munthawi yonse ya zaka 60-80, zidzakhala zachilengedwe. Zipatso mchaka cha 4 cha kukula.

Momwe masiku amakulira

Kuthengo, masiku amatha kumera pamitengo ndi zitsamba.

Tsiku kanjedza kuthengo

Zomera zimamera mwachangu nyengo za malo otentha, m'madambo otentha.

M'mayiko omwe

Malo achilengedwe opanga chitukuko ndi zipatso zake ndi North Africa ndi mayiko aku Middle East. Anthu okhala ku Saudi Arabia amakono, Tunisia, Morocco ndi Egypt kwa zaka zopitilira 6 miliyoni amalima mbewu za banja la Palm. Nthawi yomweyo, amwenye amatsutsa zofunikira za anthu aku Africa, ponena za makolo awo monga apainiya pakulima kwa madeti.

Mndandanda wamayiko omwe ma kanjedza amakula akuphatikizapo Iraq, Bahrain, Algeria, Iran, United Arab Emirates, Tunisia ndi Syria. Mitengo ya kanjedza imapezeka ku USA, Egypt, California, Mexico ndi Australia. Mtsogoleri wanthawi zonse wogulitsa kunja kwa masamba omwe adalimidwa pamayiko awo ndi Saudi Arabia.

Kufalikira kwa Zinyama Zakuthengo

Mitengo ya kanjedza imazika mizu pamchenga, dongo komanso dothi lolemera komanso lamchere lokwanira. Zomera zimatha kupirira chilala nthawi yayitali, koma mitundu ina imafuna madzi okhazikika. Kufunika kwake kumakwaniritsidwa mosavuta ndi kukhetsedwa kwa mitsinje ndi pansi pamadzi.

Madeti kuchulukana mbewu. Wosankhidwa ndi mphepo. Zimatenga masiku 200 kuti zipatso zipse. Zomwe zipatso zabwino pamtengo zimawoneka - mawonekedwe ake ovuta kumene amakhala osavuta kuwuma komanso owoneka bwino, okhala ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Komwe madeti amakulira ku Russia

Zisamba za tsiku zimafuna nyengo yonyowa kuti zikule ndi kuphuka. M'madera akumtunda kwa Transcaucasia, komanso madera oyandikana ndi Iran, nthawi yachilimwe imakhala yosakasa komanso youma. M'nyengo yozizira, mikondo yamkuntho ya Mediterranean imadutsa kuchokera kumbali yakumpoto, ndipo ya Iranian kumwera chakum'mawa. Kudutsa mitengo ya kanjedza kumwera kwa mapiri a Caucasus kumapereka zotsatira zabwino.

Kulima m'maiko a USSR yakale

Mu nthawi ya Soviet Union, zoyesa zambiri zidachitika pakukulitsa masiku a kanjedza ku USSR. Komabe, kukula bwino ndi zipatso za mitengo ya kanjedza zidadziwika mu malo ocheperako kumwera kwa Turkmenistan. Zipatso zambiri ku Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan ndi Kyrgyzstan zimachokera kunja. Mu subtropics ya Nyanja Yakuda, mitengo ya kanjedza imamera pofooka ndikufa mwachangu m'malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri.

Madeti a Canary samalimbana kwambiri ndi kufewetsa kwambiri; amakwiriridwa ngati chitsamba chokongoletsera ku Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia, ndi Georgia.

Kukula masiku ku Adler

Zigawo zingapo za kanjedza za Canary zimamera kumwera kwa Crimea ndi Azerbaijan (Baku, Lankaran). Kubzala mitengo ya kanjedza m'malo ovuta a ku Ukraine sikuchita bwino, ngakhale malo okhala nthawi yachisanu.

Kufotokozera za zipatso za kanjedza

Kunyumba, chikhalidwe chakale kwambiri chimamera pamtengo wopendekera mpaka 2,5 m, makungwa a kanjedza adaphimbidwa ndi zotsalira za petioles. Pakukonzekera kwathunthu kwa korona, madeti amaperekedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kusiyanasiyana. Masamba obiriwira ndi obiriwira, osinja, mpaka 2-6 m kutalika, opindika. Kwa chaka pachimake chimaphukira masamba atsopano khumi ndi awiri.

Mitengo ya kanjedza yaching'ono mwachilengedwe imapanga nthata zazingwe komanso zosavomerezeka ndi masamba, osalimba, olimba komanso osasunthika mbali zosiyanasiyana. Inflorescence - mpaka mita kutalika, ndi makutu aamuna ndi aakazi. Maluwa a calyx ndi ochepa, ali ndi khungu lachikaso, mawonekedwe kapu. Mu inflorescence, 3 pamakhala.

Kucha masiku

Mitundu yaimuna imakhala ndi 6 stamens, mitundu ya akazi imakhala ndi 3 pestles ndi 6 modified stamens. Chiwerengero chamaluwa olimba chimafika 12,000, makapu opukutira mungu amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence ya 6-9, maluwa a pistil (achikazi) a 2500 mu mitundu ya zipatso - madeti. Madeti pamtengo wa 100-250 kg wazipatso 2,5-5 cm.

Momwe mungasungire masiku

Kuchuluka kwa madetiwo kumatenga ndikudula tsango lonse lobala zipatso. Ku North Africa, komwe mitengo ya kanjedza imachokerako, omwe amatenga zipatso, pogwiritsa ntchito timitengo kapena zingwe zowoneka bwino, amakwera kanjedza ndikudula masango, ndikutsitsa nthambi mosamala kwa othandizira pansipa.

Anthu okhala ku California ndi Saudi Arabia, pomwe zipatso za kanjedza zimamera m'minda yochita kupanga, kukolola pogwiritsa ntchito makina: kukolola zikwama, masitepe obwerera, ndi maulendo akunyanja. Nthawi yokolola imatha kuyambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Novembala.

Canary Tsiku la Palm

Madeti onse pamtanda umodzi ndi nthambi zamtengo wa kanjedza zipsa nthawi zosiyanasiyana, muyenera kubwereranso ku chomera chomwecho mobwerezabwereza.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yama kanjedza amtundu

Kodi ndi masiku ati omwe amayang'ana magawo osiyanasiyana a kukhwima:

• Kimri Kwa masabata 17 atachotsa mungu, zipatso zoyera zimasanduka zobiriwira, zimapeza mphamvu pang'ono ndipo zimakhala ndi chinyezi 85%. Kukomako kumakhala kowawa komanso kanthete, chifukwa cha zomwe zili pamtunda wa tannins.
• Khalal Kwa milungu yopitilira 6, anthu otentha samayang'ana zipatso zakupsa, pomwepo amakolola zipatso zoyambirira zachikasu zowawa ndi kuwawa.
• Rutab (Rhutab) - chipatso chimapsa patadutsa masabata makumi asanu ndi limodzi pambuyo pa Halal, malangizowo amadetsedwa, madzi amatsika mpaka 35%, misa imachepa, khungu limafooka, mnofu umakhala wofewa komanso shuga.
• Tamr (Tamer) - zipatsozi zimaphwa, kuzimiririka ndi kuda, kufikira kukhwima kwathunthu. Chinyezi cha masiku - 20%. Kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa zipatso zokoma kumachitika pakatha milungu 3 kuchokera ku Rutaba.

Madeti amadziwikanso ndi chinyezi:

• youma kapena yolimba - chinyezi 18% (Turi, Zahedi, Simoto);
• semi-solid, kapena semi-zofewa - 18-23%;
• zofewa - chinyezi> 23% (Mazphat, Kabkab, Hasui, Barhi, Anbar, Khadravi, Majkhul).

Zipatso zolimba zimasungidwa kwazaka zambiri, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi Bedouins. Madeti amayikidwa pansi ndi kuwuma padzuwa kapena kuyikidwa m'mchenga, kukulitsa moyo wa alumali mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Mitundu yolimba komanso yofewa ya madeti

Masamba oponderezedwa amakhala "buledi wam'chipululu" - "adju". Mitundu yofewa komanso yolimba imagulitsidwa m'maseti.

Momwe mungasamalire kanjedza kunyumba

Kodi ndizotheka kukula kuchokera ku mbewu

Mtengo wa kanjedza umaphukira m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma mtengo wosabala ungabale zipatso. Pesi la deti m'chilengedwe limafika pakukula kwa 1 m m'zaka 4, zaka zina ziwiri zikamaliza kubzala adzakhala ndi malo okwanira pazenera. Chomera chokongola chimakhala chokongoletsera chabwino kwambiri pabalaza, pogona kapena khitchini. Idzaperekanso mphatso yabwino kwa abale, abwenzi kapena antchito.

Momwe mungakulitsire kanjedza kuchokera ku mwala

Tsikulo lidzakhala fupa lomwe silinapangepo kutentha, zipatso zatsopano ndi zipatso zouma zitha kukhala njira yabwino. Nthawi zambiri pofuna kuyesera, anthu amangika nthanga mumphika wamaluwa, ndipo imazika mizu. Kunyumba, mphukira imawonekera pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Nthawi yabwino kubzala mtengo wa kanjedza ndi February-Marichi.

Njira zokulira mitengo ya kanjedza ndiyosavuta, ndikokwanira kutsatira zingapo:

1. Mafupawo amayenera kutsukidwa ndikutsukidwa, kupewa kufowoka. Mu osambitsidwa, mbewu zimaloledwa kugona tsiku limodzi mpaka gawo lotsatira - akuwuluka.
2. Fupa lomwe limakhala lolimba kwambiri, kupukutira ndi sandpaper kumathandizira kufupikitsa kumera, muthanso kuwiritsa m'madzi otentha.
   

   Tsiku kanjedza mchipinda

3. Kuchuluka kwake kumachitika chifukwa chowowerera pogwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa thonje. Chipika cha ubweya wa thonje chimakhala chothinitsidwa ndi madzi, chimayikidwa pambale, chimayikidwa mwala, chimakutidwa pamwamba ndi chosanjikiza chowonjezerapo cha ubweya wa thonje. Njira ina yabwino yopangira ubweya wa thonje imakhala yopyapyala, utuchi, hydrogel.
4. Kwa kumera, kutentha kwakukulu kumafunika. Chidebe cha thonje chimayikidwa bwino pa batri. Amakhalabe kuti tsiku lililonse azilamulira chinyontho, kuwonjezera madzi.
5. Fupa lotupa bwino ndi lokonzeka kumuika pansi.

Lamulo lonyamula kanjedza

Mitengo ya kanjedza yomwe imakwanitsa zaka 4-5 imasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, mbewu zachikulire - zitatha zaka 2-3. Chitani njirayi mu April. Ndiye, kamodzi pachaka / miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, dothi lakumtunda limachotsedwa, malo omwe atulutsidwayo amakutidwa ndi dothi latsopano. Pothira, poto 3-4 masentimita akuluakulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tchire limasunthidwa mosamala ku chidebe chatsopano, ma voids amadzazidwa ndi dothi. Mukamasankha dothi lomalizira, kusankha "Kwa mitengo ya kanjedza" ndikoyenera. Mukasankha kukonzekera dothi nokha, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• Magawo awiri a dongo lonyowa;
• Magawo awiri a humus-sheet composition;
• 1 mbali peat;
• 1 gawo la manyowa;
• 1 gawo la mchenga;
• mafuta ochepa.

Tsiku Robelini

Momwe dothi liyenera kukhalira: lotayirira, lofewa, chinyezi komanso lopumira. Pansi pa mphikawo, dothi la ngalande liyenera kulinganizidwa bwino lomwe kuti lisagwe madzi. Kukula kwa kubzala sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, koma kukwera, kupereka malo oyika mizu yayitali.

Malangizo Osamalira

Kuti munthu wamkulu wamkati azikongoletsa nyumbayo, kuisamalira kwazaka zambiri kumafunikira kuganizira mfundo zofunika:

1. Mtengo wa kanjedza umachita mantha ndi zojambulajambula. Kuthira chipinda m'dzinja kapena nthawi yozizira, muyenera kuteteza mbewuzo kuti zisazizidwe ndi mpweya wozizira.
2. Kwa chisamaliro chamanja, madzi osalala, ofewa, opanda chlorine otentha ndi 20 ° C ndi abwino.
3. Masamba amafunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse, kupukuta ndi masiponji onyowa. Chifukwa chake kanjedza limatetezedwa ku tizirombo, lidzapeza mawonekedwe okongola. Sabata iliyonse chikhalidwe chimayikidwa ndi mzimu weniweni, chimakwirira pansi ndi filimu.
4. Kudula kapena kumatula pamwamba pa kanjedza sikuloledwa. Imfa ya mmera siyitha.
5. Mitengo ya kanjedza imadyetsedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ndi michere: masabata awiri aliwonse nthawi yachisanu komanso kamodzi pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira. Yoyenera mitengo ya kanjedza ndi zomera zowola. Feteleza makamaka amawonjezerapo nthaka yonyowa, yowumitsidwa.

Momwe mungasamalire tsiku lokongoletsera kunyumba

Mtundu wa kanjedza kuchokera ku mwala ukhoza kukongoletsa mkati mwake kapena kuwonongeratu coziness ndi chitonthozo. Ngati chomera chikadwala, chimawoneka mopanda mantha: masamba ake amasintha chikasu, amade, amagwera pansi, mitengo ikuluikulu imakhala yofewa, fungo lokhazikika limapangidwa. Matenda amawoneka ngati akusungidwa bwino kapena kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo.

Njira yothirira

Mutabzala kanjedza kuchokera pomwe mbewu imamera, kuthirira ndikofunikira sikusowa, poti nthaka ithere. Pamene tchire laling'onoting'ono limapangika, ndikofunikira kuwongolera pamwamba (masentimita 2-3), kuthirira kumachitika momwe imawuma.

Madzi otsala mu poto ayenera kuthiridwa nthawi yomweyo. M'nyengo yozizira, moyo wamazomera umayenda pang'onopang'ono, ndipo hydration imachepetsedwa. Kusunthika kwa chinyezi kudzatsogolera pakufa kwa mizu, masiku adzafa.

Zofunikira zowunikira

Ndikwabwino kubzala mtengo wa kanjedza m'malo owala bwino, ndikutembenuzira tsinde dzuwa, masamba onse amatenga nawo gawo pang'onopang'ono. Popanda kuwala, masamba amatambalala, osasinthika amakula ndikuyamba kufooka.

Kukhazikitsa masiku pa batire nthawi yozizira kumawopseza kuti muwonjezere. Pansi pa nsangalabwi kapena zenera limakhudza kwambiri mizu yolimba ya kanjedza. Zokongoletsera zothandizira kutalika kofunikira zimathetsa vutoli. M'chilimwe, malo abwino kwambiri amakhala panja osakonzekera. Mu nthawi yakulidwe, mmera umayenera kuti uzimisidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuti muwoneke kutentha kwa dzuwa.

Chifukwa chake masamba a kanjedza amada

Ngati masamba agundika, kupindika mu chubu ndikugwa, matumba ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amawonekera pamtunda, izi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonekera kwa alendo osayembekezereka. Date kanjedza imakhala pachiwopsezo cha mealybug, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, kangaude. Pewani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito sopo ochapira), msuzi wa adyo kapena Actellika.

Tsiku ma kanjedza

Mithunzi yamtambo wachikasu yobiriwira imawonetsa kuwalitsa kwambiri kapena kuwonongeka kwa kangaude wofiira. Mawonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba amawonetsa kufunika kochepetsa kuthirira. Pakakhala chinyezi chosakwanira nthaka, chomera chimatsitsa masamba, nawonso mpweya wouma ungapangitse nsonga za masamba kuti ziume. Kufewetsa thunthu ndi kudetsa masamba ndi zotsatira za kuthirira kwambiri. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limatsatiridwa ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Phindu ndi zovuta za masiku

Madeti ndi mankhwala otsekemera komanso athanzi omwe amatha kusintha maswiti kapena shuga. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini a B, carotene (provitamin A) ndi vitamini K. Mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mchere, zipatso ndizopezeka kwambiri mu potaziyamu, zimakhala ndi calcium, phosphorous, magnesium ndi chitsulo.

Nkhani yaying'ono ya sodium, zinc, mkuwa ndi manganese imasungidwanso. Zopatsa mphamvu za calorie za zipatso zimafika pa 280-340 kcal pa magalamu 100 a mankhwala, kutengera mitundu.