Chimene sichimangoyambitsa oweta kudabwitsa anthu ndi zomwe apindula. Mwachitsanzo, iwe ndi ine timakonda ma apricots a chikasu, koma izi zimakhala kutali ndi mtundu wawo wokha.
Chifukwa chake, timakumbukira khalidwe la apurikoti "Black velvet", kufotokoza kwa zomwe zimakudabwitsani.
Velvet yakuda: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya apricot yodabwitsa "Velvetu yakuda" inabadwa chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa ku Crimea, omwe adadutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana "America wakuda" ndi mazira ambiri a chitumbuwa. Zotsatira zake, zinali zotheka kupeza mtengo wofiira, umene umayamba kubereka zipatso m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai mutabzala. Korona ndi yopanda kanthu, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo amasiyanitsa ndi sing'anga thickening.
Zipatso zosaoneka bwino za mdima wofiira zimakhala ndi 30 g. Mapuloteni a apricot "Velvet yakuda" ali ndi mitundu iwiri: wachikasu pakati ndi pinkish pafupi ndi khungu, lomwe ndilo chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana. Chipatsocho ndi chokoma, chosekemera kwambiri ndi zonunkhira. Miyala yofiira ndi yaikulu kwambiri yosiyana ndi zamkati. 
Apurikoti amatha kumapeto kwa July, ndipo atatha kukolola, akhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano kapena zamzitini. Tiyeneranso kudziwika zabwino zabwino zotengeka mitundu: mungathe kutumiza chipatsocho mumabotolo pamtunda wautali popanda mantha kuti ziwonekere.
Kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Velvet yakuda" kuti ikule m'munda wanu, muyenera kudziwa kuti palibenso zobala. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi bwino kudzala mitundu ina ya apricot pafupi. Ponena za kupirira pamene amapanga zinthu zosasangalatsa, apricoti wakuda bwino (poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina) imakhala yovuta ndi chisanu, imakhala ndi chiwerengero cha kulekerera kwa chilala ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri.
Makhalidwe othandizira kukula kwa apricot wakuda
Mofanana ndi kulima mitundu yambiri ya apricot, kuti muzitsatira bwino Velvet Yakuda, muyenera choyamba kuthana ndi zomwe mumakonda pazinthu za kuwala ndi nthaka.
Kumene kuli bwino kubzala "Black Velvet", kuunikira
Oimira osiyana siyana, komanso ma apricots ena, adzatha kukula ndi kubereka zipatso m'malo okhazikika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, musanafike, muyenera kudziwa malo otentha kwambiri komanso a dzuwa kwambiri pa malowa. Kulephera kutsatira lamuloli kumadzetsa kuchepa kwa shuga za zipatso ndi kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha mbewu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, apricot sangathe kutchedwa mbewu yosagwira chisanu, choncho Musaiwale kuteteza malo kuchokera kumpoto ndi kumpoto kwa mphepo.. Kuti Velvet ya Black Velvet ikule ndikukula bwino, ndi bwino kulima pafupi ndi nyumba kapena nyumba zina pa tsamba lanu (mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi nkhokwe, nyumba yosambira, kapena pakati pa nyumba ndi mpanda).
Mukudziwa? Malo opambana kwambiri pa kukamatera kwa Black Velvet sapling adzakhala dzuwa, kumbali ya kumpoto, yokutidwa ndi khoma lamatale. Mukakwiya, sichidzatha kuteteza mtengo ku mphepo yamkuntho, koma kuwonjezeranso kutentha kwake.
Komanso, posankha malo, kumbukirani kuti apricot samakonda kusewera kwa madzi m'nthaka, choncho ngati pali zotheka kuti madzi afufuke m'madera mwanu, ndiye ngati mungathe kukhetsa kapena kubzala mtengo pa phiri. Apo ayi, mbewuyo idzayamba bwino kapena kufa posachedwa. Madzi a pansi pano ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5-2 mamita ku nthaka pamwamba.
Dothi lakuda la Apricot
Nkhani yachiwiri, yosafunika kwambiri pakusankha malo oti akule mitundu ya apricoti "Velvet yakuda" ndi nthaka yomwe ili pa malo otsegula malo, zomwe zidzasankhiranso momwe zimakhalire ndikusamalira mtengo. Koposa zonse, apricoti amamva pa nthaka loamy kapena mchenga, pamene dongo lolemera kapena malo a mchenga sangathe kuonetsetsa kuti chitukuko chikuyenera. 
Ngati mulibe kusankha kochuluka ndipo nthaka pamtengowu sitingathenso kuyitanira apricoti "Velvet yakuda", ndiye onetsetsani kuti dothi mumadziwe ndilopangidwa mosiyana kwambiri. Pofuna kukwaniritsa bwino, dothi limasakanizidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga wofanana, ndipo acidity ya gawo lotsirizidwayo iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ndale: osati yaikulu kuposa pH 7.0-7.5. Makhalidwe pamwamba pa izi mwachizoloŵezi ndi ovuta kwambiri kuwatsogolera ku zokwawa mtengo, ndipo chipatso chiyamba kuyamba kuponya miyala. Kusintha kwa msinkhu wa acidity kungapezeke mwa kufalitsa ufa wa dolomite kapena zinthu zina zokopa m'nthaka.
Malamulo oyambirira a kukwera "Velvet yakuda"
Njira yobzala "Velvet Yakuda" ingagawidwe mu magawo akulu awiri: kukonzekera dzenje ndi kuika mwachindunji wa mbeu ya apurikoti mmenemo. Izi ndi zina, pali zinthu zina zomwe sitinganyalanyaze pakupanga apricoti.
Nthano zofunika pakukonzekera dzenje
Chifukwa chodzala mtundu wa sredneroslyh, womwe umaphatikizapo "Black Velvet", muyenera kukumba dzenje 60 x 60 x 70 musanayambe, kenaka muike masitepe (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku miyala) pansi ndikuika feteleza (mahatchi a horse adzakhala angwiro pa ntchitoyi humus kuphatikizapo potaziyamu kloride - 20 g ndi superphosphate - 30-40 g).
Ndikofunikira! Malingana ndi kukula kwa mizu, kukula kwake kwa dzenje kungakhale kowonjezereka.Pansi pa dzenje muyenera kuyendetsa mbambo, yomwe muyenera kumangirira mmera. Gombe lomwelo limakumba 1-2 masabata asanadzalemo apricoti. Chifukwa cha kukonzekera, muyenera kukhala ndi dzenje lokonzekera lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi ndi feteleza, ndipo mtengo wapansi uyenera kutuluka pamwamba pa nthaka.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mmera "Velvet yakuda"
Kubzala mbande za mitundu ya apurikoti "Velvet yakuda" iyenera kuchitika kokha pakubwera kwa kasupe (kwa mizu yopanda mizu) komanso mu nthawi ya masika mpaka October (mutabzala chidebe zomera). Pambuyo poyika mmera ndikuwongolera mizu yake (mukhoza kumangiriza ku khola ndi phula lofewa), yambani kuwawaza ndi nthaka yosakaniza, koma kumbukirani kuti mizu ya mizu iyenera kukhala 5-7 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Komabe, njira yonse yobzala apricoti Zosiyana ndi zosiyana ndi kuyendetsa kwa wina aliyense. Atadzaza dzenje ndi phula lokhala ndi gawo lokonzekera, limangokhala madzi okha.
Ndikofunikira! Kugula sapling m'chaka, mutha kukonza nthambi, koma simungakhudze mizu mulimonsemo. Mitengo ya mtengowo imakhala yaikulu kwambiri ndipo imatha kukhazikika. Kuti muthamangitse ndondomekoyi pang'ono, ingowawongolera pang'ono.
Chimene mukufunikira kudziwa zokhudza chisamaliro cha apricot
Mofanana ndi apricot wachikasu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakuda imakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso cha panthaŵi yake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumayenera kuthirira madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, kudyetsa mbewu komanso kutsatira malamulo odulira mitengo. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe apricot imayambira mungu, chifukwa Zomwe zimadzipangitsa kukhala ndi mtundu wa Black Velvet zingakhale zofunikira kuti aziwombera.
Kuthamanga kwafupipafupi
Zipatso zonse zimafunika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu nthawi ya kukula kwa mphukira, ndipo, ndithudi, apurikoti pambaliyi ndizosiyana. Choncho, mu theka la chilimwe, nkofunika kuthirira Black Velvet 4-5 pa mwezi pa mlingo wa zitsamba 1-2 za madzi pa mtengo waukulu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira madzi okwanira nthawi isanayambe komanso nthawi ya maluwa, kuchokera pa May mpaka June ndi masabata angapo zipatso zisanatengeke. Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa July, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa kwathunthu, mwinamwake kukula kwa mphukira kungachedwe, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri yozizira hardiness ya chomera.
Kudya zakudya
Ndi kufika kwa kasupe mumdima wofiira wa apricot mphete, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito nitrogen. Kuvala kavalidwe kotchuka kumalingaliridwa urea - 40 magalamu ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka pang'onopang'ono: mtengo usanayambe maluwa, pambuyo pake umamasula ndipo pamene thumba losunga mazira limataya. Ndi kufika kwa autumn, mu September, 150 g wa superphosphate ndi 100 g ya 40% potaziyamu mchere ayenera kutsanuliridwa mu mdulidwe wa mtengo. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa autumn ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, dziko lapansi limamera ndi feteleza. Kudyetsa kwakumapeto kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi nayitrojeni popanda kupanga.
Ndikofunikira! Apricoti ili ndi chosowa chofunika kwambiri cha kufufuza zinthu, kotero kusowa kwawo kumamvekanso ndi chomeracho, kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mtengo.Malo olemera samasowa chakudya chobwerezabwereza, pamene fetereza imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito chaka ndi chaka kuti nthaka ikhale yochepa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire apricot wakuda
Nsalu yamtengo wapatali ya velvet yapamwamba imakhala yopangidwa ndi mphukira, yomwe imayenera kuti idulidwe nthawi zonse (zomwe zowonjezera zimadulidwa kuchokera pansi, chifukwa choti zakudya zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iwo, ndipo nthawi yokolola imakhala yotsika kwambiri). Koma nthambizi, zikagula kamera kakang'ono, zimadulidwa ndi pafupifupi magawo atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale korona mwamsanga.
Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti apricot imakula mofulumira kuposa mitengo yonse m'munda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi chitukuko choyenera chiyenera kudulidwa kuposa zonse, zomwe ziri zowona makamaka m'zaka zapitazi.
Ndi kuchepa kochepa, nthambi imadulidwa ku nkhuni zakale (zaka 2-3).
Ndikofunika kuchita njira yokonzera chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika (musanayambe mphukira). Kumapeto kwa autumn kudulira nthambi ndi kwambiri osafunika.
Ngati nthambi imakonzedweratu, mdulidwe uyenera kuchitidwa pansi (chomwe chimatchedwa "kudulidwa ku mphete"), osasiya mphuno iliyonse.
Pankhaniyi pamene Black Velvet apricot imakula kwambiri, kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudulira achinyamata amphamvu mphukira ikuchitika (pafupi 10-15 masentimita akudulidwa). Izi zimathandiza nthambi kuyamba kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale pali zipatso pa nthambi, koma pansi pa kulemera kwawo zimakhala pansi, ndiye mbande zotere zimachotsedwa.
Kubalana kwa "velvet yakuda"
Nthaŵi zambiri apricoti wamtunduwu amafalitsidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa pa mapulasi a chitumbuwa, apricot wina, clones stock, kapena kudula ndi zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira. Amaluwa ena amagwiritsanso ntchito njira yoberekera, koma pazifukwa izi sizolondola, popeza kuti mitundu yonse ya apricot wakuda imatayika kwathunthu, ndipo njira yoberekera yokha si yosavuta.
"Velvet yakuda": zoyenera ndi zovuta za zosiyanasiyana
Apricot "Velvet yakuda", ngakhale kuti yowonekera komanso yachilendo mawonekedwe, sanayambe kukwaniritsa chikondi ndi chidziwitso cha wamaluwa. Komabe, izi zosiyanasiyana zili ndi ubwino wambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya apricoti.
Ambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:
- Chipatso chapamwamba cha zipatso (choyenerera kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, kulekerera kayendedwe). Ngati muwasonkhanitsa musanafike msinkhu ndipo mwamsanga muwachotsere pamalo ozizira, ndiye kuti mutenge bwino mpweya wabwino akhoza kusungidwa bwino kwa miyezi 3-4.
- Mtengo wochepa wa mtengo, korona wodalirika komanso wanyonga ndi kukula kwa nthambi za pafupi 15-20 masentimita pa nyengo.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mitengo yapamwamba yozizira yozizira pakati pa zida zina zakuda. Zingatheke kuyerekezedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi nyengo ya ku Siberia.
- Nthawi zonse fruiting ndi mkulu zipatso (poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya apricots).
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti apricot wakuda amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi chisanu (makamaka kuzimwa kuzizira kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira) kuposa mchimwene wake wachikasu. Choncho, zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhudza monilioz, klyasterosporiosis ndi cytosporosis mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi zonse fruiting yake. "Velvet yakuda" ingabzalidwe m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yoopsa (mwachitsanzo, pakati pa msewu, mpaka ku Moscow kapena ku Volga.
Kuipa kochepa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Black Velvet ndi kukula kwake kwa zipatso ndi kuphulika kosafunika kwa apricots (zosiyana ndi zochepa zokha). Pamapeto pake, mufunikira kudziwa zambiri za momwe mungapulitsire apurikoti pamanja.
Monga mukuonera, sizingagwirizane kuti apuloti ya Black Velvet ndi yopanda kulephera, komabe chiwerengero chake chabwino chiyenera kukhala cholimidwa m'deralo.
