Maluwa a Gloxinia - chisamaliro chakunyumba

Duwa la Gloxinia ndi chomera chotentha kwambiri chomwe maluwa ake amakhala ngati maluwa oyera, ofiirira kapena opinki. Zimayambira ndizifupi, zimasunthira mumaambulela inflorescence pamatayala amodzi. Chomera chikuwoneka chowala komanso chowoneka bwino, chidzakhala chokongoletsera chabwino kwambiri chamkati ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.

Gloxinia (gloxinia) ndi herbaceous osatha wokhala ndi mafelemu osachedwa kupindika okwanira mpaka 25 cm, 20 cm kutalika. Masamba ndi akulu, obiriwira bwino kwambiri, owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe awo amakhala ozungulira. Maluwa ndi akulu (8-12 cm m'mimba mwake), otsogola, velvet. Mphepete mwa miyala yapansi pamakhala matumba, pansi.

Momwe mungasamalire gloxinia kunyumba

Kusankha dothi ndi mphika

Chikhalidwe chikufunikira panthaka. Zosakaniza za Peat zoyenera gloxinia ndi: Violet, Begonia, Senpolia. Maluwa ochokera nthangala nthawi zambiri amakula m'mapiritsi a peat. Podzikonzekeretsa, dothi la humus (mbali ziwiri) zosakanikirana ndi dambo la chernozem (mbali ziwiri), gawo limodzi la mchenga wa peat ndi imvi ndiloyenera. Acidity ya osakaniza ndi osiyanasiyana 6-7 pH.

Phale lolemera la mithunzi ya gloxinia

Yankho lothandiza lidzakhala kukonzekera dothi ndi hydrogel - granules yaying'ono munthaka yowuma moyikirapo, pogwiritsira ntchito siponji. Zinthu zonunkhira ngati zophika kale, kenako zimasakanizika ndi dothi m'chiyerekezo cha 1 mpaka 2. Osakaniza amasakanizidwa ndi humus kapena manyowa owola - 50 g pa 1 lita imodzi ya gawo limodzi.

Kusankha kwa mphika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa tubers: makapu apulasitiki ndi oyenera njira zazing'ono, mizere yaying'ono imakhala yolimba m'mbale yotalika masentimita 7-10, akuluakulu amabzalidwa m'maluwa amaluwa ndi mainchesi a 10-15 cm. Zotengera ziyenera kukhala zazikulu komanso zakuya. Zosankha za Clay ndi pulasitiki ndizoyenera.

Malamulo posankha duwa la maluwa ku gloxinia

Kuthirira ndi feteleza

Musanaze kuthirira gloxinia yakunyumba, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kusungunuka ndikusungunuka, kukhazikika, kapena kusefa madzi. Ndikwabwino kunyowetsa dothi pachuma kapena mosamala m'mphepete mwa mphikawo, kupatula madontho akugwera pamasamba komanso pakati pa tuber. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala ofunda, madigiri 2-3 kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya. Pambuyo pa mphindi 20-30 mutatha kunyowetsa nthaka, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi otsalawo kuchokera pachikwama. Malo pakati pa kuthirira ayenera kuuma. Mvula, mitambo komanso nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa chinyezi kupita kumizu. Mababu a Gloxinia nthawi zambiri amavunda pamwamba.

Chinyezi chowongolera cha duwa ndi 70 ... 80%; pamene cholowera chafika pansi pa 50%, kufalikira kwamaluwa kwamkati ndikuwonekera kwamasamba kumawonedwa. Pofuna kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga, duwa limayikidwa pallet ndi dongo lonyowa, moss, madzi.

Kutentha ndi Kuwala

Maluwa a Gloxinia ndi ojambula, koma akuwopa zochita za dzuwa mwachangu, makamaka pang'onopang'ono, mabelu velvety amatha mofulumira, nthawi yamaluwa imafupikitsidwa. Chapakatikati dzuwa silitentha kwambiri, gloxinia makamaka imayikidwa pazenera lakumwera, mu June - idakonzedwanso kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo kapena yamtambo kuchokera pakuwala kwadzuwa.

Kukula duwa la kutalika kwa tsiku kunyumba kudzagwira ntchito ndi kuyatsa kwa maola 12-14 pa 5000 lx. Kupanda kuwala kumawopseza kutambasula mbewuyo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masamba. Pambuyo pakuzika tuber ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, kuwunikirako kuyenera kukhala kowala momwe kungathekere, matalikidwe amtundu wa maluwa adzasanduka apamwamba, ndi kuwala kosakwanira mtunduwo kumawoneka bwino.

Kutentha kosangalatsa pa siteji ya kumera kwa tuber + madigiri 25. Nthawi yakula, kutentha kutentha + ndi madigiri 18-22. Zinthu zozizira zimachepetsa kukula ndi kukula kwa chikhalidwe.

Kuyika malamulo ndi malingaliro

Gloxinia imasinthidwa m'malo angapo:

• patatha nthawi yayitali, mphukira yaying'ono yapanga, koma masamba satukuka;
• pogula tubers mu thanki yaying'ono kapena osabzyala m'nthaka;
• pakavulazidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo.

Ngati mbewuyo ikufunika kuthandizidwa mwadzidzidzi, kuikapo imachitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Zikhalidwe zathanzi zimasunthidwa kupita kumalo atsopano pambuyo pa regimen yotsala, mu February-Marichi.

Kukula kwa gloxinia pazenera

Mavuto wamba ndi mayankho awo

Masamba amapindika.

Kwa chomera cha gloxinia, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimatanthawuza kusowa kwa zojambula, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, mpweya wouma kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa kuwala. Ngati njira yothetsera kufooka pamwambapa sikukonza vutoli, pali njira imodzi yokha - tizirombo kapena tizirombo. Maantibayotiki amphamvu atipulumutsa: Antiklesch ndi Tiovir. Malinga ndi malangizo, chikhalidwe chimathandizidwa katatu / tsiku.

Pali mawanga a bulauni pamasamba

Matenda okhalitsa a gloxinia amafalikira kudzera mu dothi lovunda, madzi, zinthu zam'munda. Nthawi zambiri, mbewuyo imakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya pakugulika. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi mawanga a bulauni, pamitengo ndi mphukira - mikwingwirima yakuda. Masamba okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, ndi mpweya wouma - amayamba kuuma ndi kupindika.

Fitosporin amathandizira kuthana ndi matendawa, koma wothandizirana nawo wa mochedwa amadwalanso mpaka zaka 8. Ndikofunika kuganizira fungal prophylaxis mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides sabata iliyonse.

Masamba auma

Vuto lomwe limafala kwambiri akamakula gloxinia ndi kuyanika masamba chifukwa chakuthirira kosayenera. Mtengowo umagwera mwamphamvu chinyezi chambiri, mizu imavunda, nthaka yake nkuuma.

Ngati duwa latuluka posachedwa mnyumbamo, masamba owuma ndi chizindikiro cha kupitiliza pambuyo pozika zaposachedwa. Mwini wa mbewuyo apange malo abwino kwambiri, onetsetsani kuthirira koyenera komanso kuvala kwapamwamba.

Kangaudeyu ndi chifukwa champhamvu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti gululi lithe kuzimiririka ndi kupukuta. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi duwa amachotsedwa, zikumera zimaperekedwa ndi sopo ndi kukonzekera kwapadera, njirazi zimabwerezedwa molingana ndi malangizo. Panthawi ya mankhwala a gloxinia kuchokera ku matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba kumachepetsedwa. Ndikofunika kuti ndikusintha chomera.

Gloxinia Akuchoka

Zomera zimatambalala

Gloxinia imatambalala kwambiri nyengo yachisanu ikakhala m'malo otentha komanso kuyatsa kosakwanira. Powonjezera kuwala ndikuchepetsa kutentha, muyenera kumwaza nthawi ndi nthawi mpweya, kukonza zonyowa. Nthawi zambiri, zosokoneza pakukula kwa mbewu nthawi yachisanu zimayamba chifukwa cha zochuluka za feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti kuthetseratu kwakanthawi zowonjezera.

Mitundu ina ya gloxinia imakonda kupendekera. Ndi zofunika kudula elongated mphukira. Tubers ipereka mphukira zatsopano. Magawo obzala maluwa kuti azika mizu, amakhalanso ndi nthawi yophuka. Kupuma, mphukira zomwe zimatha kutambasula, kugwa ndi kuzika mizu, kudyetsa zazikulu za tuber ndi njira zapansi panthaka. Kuwombera kofowoka komwe sikumamasula konse kumera pa tuber. The tuber adzafooka ndikufa nthawi yozizira.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Matenda akuluakulu a gloxinia amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a fungus:

1. Mphepete mochedwa limawonekera ndi chinyontho chowonjezeka ndi madontho otentha a madigiri 9-20. Chomera chofesedwacho chimafota, chimakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, kuyera kokutira kumawonekera mkati mwa tsamba. Zomera zimafunika kupatsirana mwachangu ndikuchiza ndi Kuprozan, Tseneb (40 g pachidebe chilichonse chamadzi).
2. Powdery mildew imapangidwa motsutsana ndi maziko a chinyezi chokwanira ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Chikhalidwe pofotokozera matendawa ndi chida choyera cha arachnoid. Matendawa amapatsirana kudzera mu dothi kapena zida. Mankhwala ndi kupewa, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudyetsa chikhalidwe ndi fungicides:

• "Triadimephone";
• "Koma";
• Quadrice
• "Rake";
• "Thamanga";
• Kupendekera.

3. Anthracnose imakhala ndi mawanga a bulauni. Matendawa amafalikira mwachangu, ndikosavuta kupewa fungus ndi mkuwa wa chloride, cuproxate, oxychoma.
4. Ascochitosis ndi matenda owoneka ndi redness pamapepala okhala ndi bulauni. Zizindikiro zimachitika pambiri chinyezi. Popewa ndi kuchiza, vitriol, Vectra, Adiga-peak amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi ascochitosis chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chiziwalika.
5. Seporia ndi chifukwa chosowa kuwala komanso kuthana ndi madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mawonekedwe achotsekemera pama sheet, chomera chimayamba kuuma mwachangu. The fungicides: Maneb, Benomil, alepheretsa zotsatira zoyipa za bowa.

Phylostictosis pa gloxinia

6. Phyllosticosis imadziwika mosavuta ndi mawanga ozungulira, amdima m'mphepete, bulauni pakati. Pa gawo lachitukuko, misozi imawonjezeredwa m'mabala. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikapezeka, mbewuyo imawuma ndikuwazidwa ndi yankho la Bordeaux, "Oxychloride", ndi mkuwa sulfate.
7. Fusarium Matendawa ndiwosapeweka ndi kuthilira kosayenera ndi kuipitsidwa kwa dothi. Masamba amayamba kufota ndi kupindika, kutembenukira bulauni. Ming'alu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda zikuwoneka pamabowo. Ntchito ya wamaluwa ndi kuchotsa dothi, kutsuka mizu ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (pa lita imodzi ya madzi 5 g ya potaziyamu), ndikusintha mbewu kuti ikhale yopepuka komanso yopatsa thanzi.

Momwe mungathane ndi zovuta zina

Musanayambe kusamalira gloxinia kunyumba, muyenera kupereka chikhalidwecho popewa virosis ndi bacteriosis. Ma virus amayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo kapena fungus spores. Masamba ndi maluwa adakutidwa ndi mawanga, mikwingwirima ndi ma densi. Mosatengera kuti ndi kachilombo kaani komwe kachilombo ka gloxinia, matendawa sangathe kuthandizidwa. Zomera ziyenera kuwotchedwa.

Mabakiteriya omwe amabweretsedwa ndi zida zopanda mchere, mphika kapena dothi lopatsira tubers, masamba, masamba, zimayambira. Kupewa kuwonongeka kumachitika ndi Zircon ndi Epin.

Malo abwino kwambiri oswana ndi kangaude ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Amadya msuzi wa duwa, kusiya masamba owala pamasamba. Gawo lotetezedwa limatetezedwa ku kangaude "Fitoverm", "Intovir", dothi - "Aldikabrom", "Temikom".

Whitefly - tizirombo toyera, timakonda kudya msuzi wa masamba ndi zimayambira, timasiya zinthu zonyansa zomwe zimakhudza photosynthesis. Masamba amayamba kuvunda, masamba ake samangidwa. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito njira zowonongera zovala zopangira zovala kunyumba ndiz Vertimek KE, Actellik KE, Admiral, Kinmiks, Oberon.

Kusamalidwa koyenera komanso kupewa matenda a chomera kupewa kupewa kuphwanya malamulo.

Whitefly pa Gloxinia Masamba

Momwe mungasamalire maluwa

Maluwa a gloxinia amayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikupitilira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewuyo imanunkhira bwino mu Okutobala. Kuvala koyenera panthaka komanso koyenera kumapangitsa kuti maluwa okwanira makumi awiri kapena kuposa apangidwe. Kuwala kowala ndikofunikanso kokhudza kukongola kwa mithunzi yamaluwa.

Njira zokulitsira gloxinia kunyumba

Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira: mbewu, magawo a tuber ndi kudula masamba.

M'nyumba nthawi zambiri safesa mbewu. Njira yakulera ili ndi zovuta zambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, osakaniza dothi amakonzedwa pamaziko a peat, dothi la pepala ndi mchenga (1: 1: 1). Dziko lapansi limabalalika pamabokosi otsika. Mu Novembala, mbewu zimafesedwa nthawi zonse ndimadzi ofunda. Mphukira zimawonekera pakatha masabata awiri, masamba awiri atawonekera, amakokedwa, kubzalidwa pang'onopang'ono masentimita awiri. Kutenga kwachiwiri kumachitika ndikupanga masamba atatu - 5 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mbande zokulira umakulitsidwa mpaka 10 cm.

Pofalitsa chikhalidwechi ndi zodula, masamba oyenera omwe ali ndi mapesi a 1 cm amalimbikitsidwa kuti aziwonjezedwa pomwepo ndikusakaniza ndi mchenga ndi peat (1: 0.5). Mphukira ifunika kuti inyowetsedwe ndikuphimbidwa ndi mtsuko, kuonetsetsa kuti chomera chikulowa tsiku lililonse, ndikuchotsa botolo kwa mphindi 15. Pambuyo pa masabata 2 mpaka 2,5, tubers amapanga malekezero omwe adayikidwa pansi. Mphukira zimabzalidwa mumiphika yaying'ono, kusangalala miyezi ingapo mutabzala maluwa ambiri.

Kufalitsa kovutirapo kumatengera njira yoopsa kwambiri. Chiwopsezo chimapezeka ndi kupezeka kwa zowola mu mizu, alimi a maluwa odziwa bwino amachotsa mosamala madera omwe asanakhudzidwe. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa 2-centimeter mphukira, tubers timalekanitsidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa, pokonza magawo okhala ndi kaboni yodziyambitsa. Zidutswa zopatula zimabzalidwa mumiphika yoyenera, kuthiriridwa masiku atatu mutabzala.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, gloxinia amakhala ndi zaka 10, akukondweretsa diso ndi maluwa okongola. Ndi zaka, chomera cham'malo otentha chimakhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa mabelu kumafika 50 zidutswa.

Kanema