Mitengo yaing'ono yamaluwa ndi yachikasu ya zomera izi sizodabwitsa. Komabe, wamaluwa, ngati maginito, amakopeka ndi fungo lake lophwanyidwa ndi lodziwika bwino. M'munda udzakhazikika pamtunda uliwonse, kuphimba ngakhale malo osadziwika kwambiri ndi kuteteza gawolo. Koma chopindulitsa chachikulu cha shrub yaing'ono ndi machiritso ake ndi uchi oyambirira. Mukufuna kupeza chikhalidwe choterocho? Ndiye kwa inu apa: tidziwa zonse za mthethe wachikasu, kulima kwake ndipo tidzatsegula zinsinsi kuti tingapindule bwanji ndi zamoyo za mtengo wodzichepetsa.
Mukudziwa? Asayansi amadziwa kuti mthethe wachikasu ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri odana ndi kutupa. Ndi tincture yake, mungathe kugonjetsa matenda aakulu komanso oopsa a ziwalo zamkati, kuonetsetsa kuchepetsa thupi, kuchepetsa ndi kuchiza mabala, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, kusintha magazi ndi khungu, kuyambiranso kusinthanitsa maselo, kulimbikitsa kapangidwe ka kapirala ndi kuchiza matenda a mtima, matenda, chifuwa, ndi kuchotsa kuchokera kulemera kwambiri. Pa mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito makungwa, rhizomes, masamba ndi kawirikawiri maluwa.
Yellow acacia: khalidwe
Mu botanical mabuku chikasu chachikasu wotchedwa "Caragana ngati mtengo", ndipo mukulongosola kwake kumakhala ngati chitsimikizo chotsimikizika chamtundu wambiri wa zamasamba. Kawirikawiri chikhalidwe cha kutalika ndi pafupifupi 2-4 mamita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake mpaka mamita 2.5.
Thunthuli liri ndi makungwa obiriwira, otumbululuka, nthambi. Amasiya masentimita 58 masentimita, amawirirana, amachititsa, monga lamulo, 4-7 awiriawiri ang'onoang'ono masamba 10 mm kutalika ndi 4 mm lonse. Mmodzi wa iwo amafanana ndi mchere wonyezimira wonyezimira. Mapulogalamu ndi amtengo wapatali. Kawirikawiri zimatha, nthawi zambiri zimatha.
Mu Meyi ndi kumayambiriro kwa June, maluwa okongola a chikasu obiriwira okhala ndi kutalika kwa 20 mm akuwonekera. Iwo amasonkhanitsidwa mu zingapo zingapo mu inflorescences. Mwini payekha, maluwa onse a axillary ndi mzere wonyezimira ndi mano ocheperapo ndi madera asanu. Pambuyo maluwa pamalo awo amakula zipatso, zomwe zimakhala nyemba zowonjezera mpaka 7mm m'litali. Mbewu iliyonse yachisanu ndi isanu ndi itatu yomwe yakucha mu Julayi.
Siberia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, ndi North China zimakhala zosawerengeka. Amadziwanso za zomera ku United States of America; anthu ochokera ku Eurasian anabweretsa kumeneko monga chakudya cha ulendo wawo. M'madera ena, Caragana amalingaliridwa molakwika kuti ndi mitundu yosautsa, yomwe ndi yosokoneza kayendedwe ka nitrojeni m'nthaka. Ndipotu mtengo wa mthethe uli ndi katundu wotere, ndipo mtundu wachikasu uli wotetezeka kwambiri ku zinthu zakuthambo.
Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe cha Chiyukireniya, chikasu chachikasu chimakhala cholimba komanso chodzichepetsa powasamalira ndi kulima. Chikhalidwe sichisokonezeka ndi zigawenga za tizilombo ndi matenda. Zimalekerera mosavuta chisanu ndi chilala, komanso malo osauka omwe ali ndi nthaka yosauka. Amaluwa ambiri ankamukonda kukhala wodzichepetsa komanso kuchiritsa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukuzunza kupirira kwa Caragana kwa chilala, mtengowo, ngakhale pakati pa chilimwe, udzachotsa masamba, omwe angachepetse kutuluka kwa madzi ndi kuwathandiza kuthana ndi kutentha.
Madeti ndi kusankha malo omwe angabwerere
Acacia, kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso, Caragana imapirira dothi losiyanasiyana, koma imasankha madzi abwino komanso osakhala pansi. Choyenera kwa iye chikanakhala malo odzazidwa ndi dzuwa ndi nthaka yatsopano. Pofuna ulimi, zitsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi kutentha kwa nthaka, kuzichepetsa, kulemeretsa ndi nayitrojeni, komanso ngati chotchinga chochepetsetsa m'mitsinje yambiri.
Chikhalidwe chimalekerera mosavuta mphepo yamkuntho komanso ngakhale mphepo yamkuntho, imadwala mitsinje yamchere, ozizira kwambiri. Komabe, zidzakula bwino mu nthaka yolemera. Kupatsidwa zinthu izi mutabzala chikasu chachimake, dziwani malo abwino. Zingakhale zomveka kusunga zikhalidwe zina zomwe zimakonda penumbra ndi zitsamba kuchokera ku dzuwa, kapena zimapanga mpanda.
Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi mbewu ndi cuttings pamene kugawa mizu.
Nthawi yabwino yomwe mbeu imayambira ndi masika, pamene imera mbande imaikidwa mu miphika yosiyana, ndipo patatha mwezi ndi theka iwo adatsimikiza kukhala malo okhazikika pamtunda.
Njira yowunjikira bwino kwambiri. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka. Mbande zidzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga mizu yolimba ndi nthambi, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mukhale bwino. Amayamba kubzala kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene nthaka yayamba kutentha ndi kutentha mokwanira kwa mthethe. Phulusa limapereka kufunikira kosalekeza kwa kuthirira kwa mbeu zambiri kuti zisazuke. Kuwonjezera apo, musanabzala m'chaka, mizu imasowa chinyezi. Amafunika kuti asungidwe tsiku limodzi mu chidebe ndi madzi, ndipo pakufika akuyenera kuthiriridwa kufikira dziko lapansi lisanatenge chinyontho.
Mukudziwa? Angina, ARVI, chimfine, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kusowa tulo kudzathandiza kuchiritsa 10 g wa mdima wakuda wa acacia ndi 1 chikho cha madzi. Zosakanizazo zimakhala zotentha kwambiri kwa mphindi zisanu, kenako zimakhazikika komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlomo kwa chikho ½ pafupipafupi kapena kupukuta pakamwa.
Zomera zadzukulu zimathandiza kuti sapling yachitsulo yamasamba ikhale yogwirizana ndi nyengo yozizira isanakwane, ikukula bwino m'nthaka, ikukula ndi kulimbikitsa mizu.
Pakubwera kasupe, mtengo wotere umakula msanga ndikukula mofulumira. Komanso, Caragana imaonedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chokula msanga.
Kawirikawiri, njirayi imayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October, kuti mizu ikhale ndi nthawi yozoloŵera chisanu. Ndikofunika kuganizira za nyengo zomwe zili m'deralo.
Kuduka kumayenera kupezeka patangotha masabata awiri chisanu chisanafike. Kutulukira kwawopseza chiopsezo cha mizu yovunda. Mtsikana wa Karagana akhoza kufa m'nthaka yozizira.
Kulima mbande za chikasu za acacia
Ambiri omwe ali ndi ziwembu zimamvetsa momwe zimakhalira zovuta kukula mtengo wa mthethe, choncho amasankha kubzala mbande.
M'chaka kapena autumn, mizu ya cuttings imadulidwa ndi fosholo yakutchire kuchokera mumsamba wa mayi ndikuyamba kuyamba kubzala. Ngati pali zomera zingapo, mtunda wa mamita awiri umawonetseratu pakati pawo.
Poyamba, kukumba mabowo pamtunda wa masentimita 50. Pafupi 2 kg ya miyala, zidutswa zadothi kapena njerwa zikulongedwera pansi pa dzenje, lodzazidwa ndi dothi pamwamba. Mitengo yaing'ono imayenera kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta zowonjezera feteleza kapena kompositi, zomwe sizili zofunikira zitsanzo zakale.
Chomera chimatsikira kudzenje kuti pokhapokha mutayika khosi la mzu (malo osinthira thunthu mpaka muzu) masentimita angapo awonjezeka. Kenaka yongolani rhizome ndi kuthirira mtengo, kuwaza pamwamba ndi pansi ndikuwuphwanya. Sapling nthawi yobzala iyenera kugwedezeka bwino kudzaza voids yomwe imapangidwa pakati pa mizu. Nthaka imaponderezedwa bwino, mwinamwake mizu idzauma ndipo chitsamba sichingazuke. Kumapeto kwa kubzala, nthaka mu mitengo ikuluikulu imayendetsedwa ndi udzu wa 5-cm, udzu wa pine, utuchi kapena makungwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kusonkhanitsa kwa zipangizo zamankhwala kumachitika kuchokera pakati pa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Maluwa amakololedwa mu May, masamba - mu June, mbewu - mu July. Mizu yochepa iyenera kuumitsidwa kwathunthu, ndi kukwapulidwa mzidutswa.
Kodi chisamaliro cha chikasu chofunika chimakhala chotani?
Ngakhale kuti mthethe yachikasu imatha kusintha, kusamalidwa ndi matenda, zomera zazing'ono zikufunikirabe kusamalidwa kofunikira.
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, tchire amafunika nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha. Kusamalira alimi samayesa mtengo kuti ukhale wamphamvu, wotopetsa ndi zovuta kwambiri. Kukula kwa Karagany, monga zomera zonse zimafunikira:
- Kuunika - chikhalidwe cha dzuwa-wachikondi, ndi wochuluka ultraviolet salandira zotentha.
- Chinyezi cha dothi - chikasu chachikasu sichiyenera kuthirira katatu pa sabata. Zomera zamphamvu sizingakukhululukireni inu soured swamp substrate. N'kosavuta kuti apulumuke chilala kusiyana ndi kuvunda mizu. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa bwino, udzu waulere komanso mochepetsetsa. Chitsamba chilichonse chokhwima chikufunikira pafupifupi 12 malita a madzi. Ganizirani pa mlingo wa kutuluka kwa madzi ndi nyengo.
- Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kuli kofunikira kwa zomera zazing'ono kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Nthawi yabwino ndi March - August, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumachitika kawiri pa sabata. Monga feteleza wa mthethe amagwiritsa ntchito yankho la nkhuku manyowa kapena mullein mu chiŵerengero cha 1:50.
- Kudulira kwadongosolo - kumayamba m'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Apo ayi, shrub yanu idzakhala mtengo waukulu, ngati mthethe woyera.
Kudulira Acacia
Mwina izi ndizofunika zokhazokha zitsamba zoyamikira. Ndipo kuti mugwiritse ntchito phindu lanu, chifukwa mtengo wa Caragana ukukula kwambiri. Ndibwino kudula nthambi mumasika, pambuyo pa mthethe. Pofuna kuti asamangidwe korona, amachotsedwa pamsana wachiwiri, ndikusiya masamba atatu pa thunthu. Njirayi imathandizira kuti chitukuko chiziyambika. M'tsogolo, zomera zimatenga mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
Ngakhale, ngati kuli koyenera, imatha kulima ngati mtengo wawung'ono. Chikhalidwe chabwino chimabwereketsa kwa manja aluso a wamaluwa ndipo mwamsanga, pansi pa kudulira masamba, amasandulika kukhala maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. M'zaka zotsatirazi, nthawi yowononga chikasu cha mthethe, cholinga chachikulu ndicho kuchotsa nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka.
Ndikofunikira! Pofulumizitsa kusintha kwa achinyamata zitsamba pambuyo kudulira mwamphamvu, amafunika kuthirira ndi kudyetsedwa kawirikawiri ndi feteleza okhala ndi feteleza.
Gwiritsani ntchito mapangidwe ndi mazenera
Karagan ikhoza kuwonetsedwa osati m'minda yamunthu yokha: zomera zimalimidwa m'dziko lonse m'mapaki, mabotete oteteza nkhalango, kuteteza dothi kumsongole ndi mchenga wokhazikika, kulimbitsa mitsinje. Zitsamba zotsamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira madengu ndi zikopa.
Nthenda yosatha, ngakhale yotchuka chifukwa cha nthambi yake yamphamvu, siimalepheretsa kuchuluka kwa mbewu zokongola. Chomeracho chimaphatikizapo nayitrogeni, kupindulitsa maiko osawuka. Olima wamaluwa ndi chithandizo cha Caragana amapanga nyimbo zonse.
Mwala wa mthethe wa mthethe umawoneka wokongola. Ngakhale woyambitsa adzatha kulilemba pa malo ake. Zokwanira kudzala tchire mwa njira yozungulira pa mtunda wa masentimita 25 m'dzinja ndikupanga kudulira koyamba. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapaki, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo okongoletsera.
Yellow acacia - uchi chomera
Kunyumba, mthethe wakhala akudziwika kuti ndi chakudya komanso chomera chosangalatsa cha uchi. Otsatira amagwiritsira ntchito mphatso yopatsa ya zomera ndikuimika pambali pa malo owetera njuchi. Alimi amatha kutcha shrub kumapeto kwa kasupe uchi ndikumvetsetsa kuti maluwawo amawoneka pakati pa mbeu zambiri pamene mbewu zatha, ndipo kukula kwa mbewu za chilimwe akadali kutali.
Pamene mthethe imamera, njuchi zimangoyamba kupita ku inflorescences zonunkhira. Ziphuphu ndizochepa. Pafupifupi, kuchokera ku 1 hekita mng'oma amasonkhanitsa makilogalamu 300 a uchi. Makhalidwe ake ali omveka bwino, achikasu komanso osakondweretsa. Chogulitsidwacho chingathe chaka chimodzi ndipo chisamangidwe. Ngati ali ndi mtundu wina wa uchi, izi zikuwonetsa khalidwe lopanda pake komanso losauka, ndiye kuti zonsezi zimafotokozedwa ndi fructose (40.35%) ndi shuga (35.98%).
Honey acacia amtengo wapatali kuposa laimu, ndipo amachitidwa kuti ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri. Muzochita zachipatala, zimalimbikitsa kuvutika kwa dongosolo la mitsempha, kutaya mtima, mavuto a masomphenya, impso, biliary ndi matenda a m'mimba, komanso ana ndi zakudya za shuga.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta a acacia a chikasu ali ndi: 285 - 400 mg ya vitamini C, 138 mg ya carotene, 21 - 35% ya mapuloteni. Mbewu zomwe zimapezeka 10 - 40% mafuta ouma mafuta.
Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti uchi wakukasu wa acacia sungayambitse matenda, kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Mphamvu yake yochiritsira inapangitsa kuti asayansi ambiri asamvetsetse njira zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'thupi la munthu kuti zidziwe mmene njuchi imathandizira odwala. Koma mpaka tsopano chinsinsi sichinayambe kuululidwa, koma chenicheni chikudalire.
