Indoor fern - mitundu yakukula nyumba

Ferns zamkati ndizokongoletsa kwambiri, monga mitengo yazipatso yobiriwira. Korona wawo ndiwotuwa, wowonda komanso wamtali, ndipo masamba okhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, kutengera zomwe ali zosiyanasiyana. Indoor fern ndi mtengo wophatikiza womwe umatha kubereka ngati duwa lambiri pamiyala yamaluwa.

Indoor fern - ndi mbewu yotani, yomwe ingabzalidwe kunyumba

Home fern ndi chomera cholimbitsa thupi, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwazitali kwambiri padzikoli. Imakula ngati chitsamba. Zoyambira zake amazisonkhanitsa mu rosette yoyambira. Fern ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50-70. Cirrus masamba ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi kumbuyo kwa mawonekedwe amafooka, pomwe ma spores amapanga, pomwe mbewuyo imadzadzidwanso pambuyo pake.

Indoor fern amakhala bwino kunyumba

Mitundu yayikulu pakukula nyumba, mafotokozedwe achidule

Kalasi looneka ngati fern limaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 11,000, koma ndi mitundu 20 yokha yaiwo yomwe ndi yotchuka muulimi wamkati.

Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis)

Nefrolepis fern ndiwodziwika kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri pantchito zamaluwa; amatchedwa "mfumu ya ferns yonse". Chifukwa cha masamba otseguka, mtengowu udatchuka kwambiri nthawi ya Victoria. Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa kwambiri, mbewuyo ikufunika chifukwa chisamaliro ake osavuta komanso osasamala. Komabe, adayamba kuigulitsa ngati mitundu yosiyana ya ma ferns posachedwapa, popeza m'mbuyomu inali ya davallium.

Nephrolepis imadziwika ndi kubereka kosavuta komanso kosavuta komanso kusintha kosavuta kumikhalidwe iliyonse yakunja. Chimakula ngati chomera chamkati, popeza kufalitsa masamba ambiri kumachepera. Tsamba lalitali koma lopyapyala la fern lili ndi mawonekedwe osachedwa pang'ono pang'ono, komanso mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira.

Asplenium (Asplenium)

Fern Asplenium yokongoletsera imadziwika kwambiri pansi pa dzina lina - mafupa. Pali mitundu iwiri yamtunduwu, wamkulu m'nyumba, ndipo ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Sestingum ya Nesting ili ndi masamba ataliitali a xiphoid, pomwe mitundu inanso ya ma cirrus ndi yopanda mphamvu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri za asslenium ndi ma rhizomes ake osadziwika, omwe amakhala amwano komanso amawoneka ngati chisa m'munsi mwa chitsamba.

Platycerium, kapena Antlers (Platycerium)

Houseplant fern Deer nyanga kapena Platicerium imadziwikanso kuti Piedfoot. Zonse ndi za masamba, omwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana kwambiri ndi nyanga za agwape. Ndiwokhazikika pamunsi, koma agawika kumapeto.

Platicerium imakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya masamba - osabala ndi spore, kusiyana kwawo kumagona komanso mawonekedwe. Ma mbale osalala ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso osiyanasiyana, ndipo m'mphepete mwaulere pamtunda amatha kudziunjikira humus. Masamba okhala ndi spore ali mokhazikika ndikukula pa petioles lalifupi, ali ngati mawonekedwe a nyanga zazingwe. Ma mbale awa ndi omwe amapangitsa kuti ma spores apangidwe, pamwamba pake amapentedwa pamithunzi yofiirira.

Tchire limakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yopanda nthambi, ndipo pamakhala ma rhizomes amweya, omwe amakhala pamlingo wa masamba otsika masamba.

Curly fern ili ndi masamba awiri a cirrus.

Adiantum, kapena curly fern (Adiantum)

Ngati mukukula ferns kunyumba, ndiye kuti ndibwino kukhala ndi adiantum. Chomera chokongola ichi chimatha kupatula madzi kuchokera pamasamba, omwe amafunikira ngati madontho, osanyowetsa pamwamba pawo.

Mtengowo pawokha uli ndi kukula kwamaudindo, nthambi zake zimawerama, ndichifukwa chake kuli bwino kumera zitsamba mumtengo zokutirira. Masamba a mapini apawiri amtundu wa adiantum amafota kumapeto kwawo, omwe amaphimbidwa ndi nthenga zazing'ono pamwamba.

Pteris

Maonekedwe a fern amenewa m'chilengedwe amamera m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha. Maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa masamba a chitsamba amasintha pang'ono pakakulitsa mu nyengo ndi nyengo zosiyana, motero mbewuyo imasinthira kumalo ena omangidwa.

Fern ali ndi kutalika pafupifupi mita 1, ndipo kutalika kwawo konse kumakhala magawo 6 akuluakulu. Zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi mizu zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe adapangidwa kale. Pali zambiri zimayambira muzu muzu, kotero chitsamba chimawoneka kwambiri ndiakakhuthala komanso lakuda pamunsi. Pteris ali ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake masamba, amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, awiri-toni, serated kapena wavy.

Pellaea (Pellaea)

Komwe kubadwa kwa pellet ndi Latin America, New Zealand ndi Africa. Kukhalapo kwa masamba osazolowereka kumadziwika: maula olekanitsa omwe amapatukana ndi wina aliyense amakhala ndi tinthu tambiri totulutsa thunzi pamaso pawo. Mtundu wa masamba nawonso ndi wosiyana ndi masamba ena onse, umakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamdima wobiriwira komanso wonyezimira chifukwa chosalala.

Davallia ndi fern wosiyanasiyana

Davallia

Miyendo ya Hare kapena davallia ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha masamba ake owonda pang'ono, ofanana ndi nthenga. Koma mawonekedwe ake kwambiri amawoneka ngati ma rhizomes omwe amapendekera pansi kuchokera mumphika pansi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe odabwitsa momwe amapangidwira kalulu, polemekeza pomwe adatchulidwanso chimodzimodzi ndi anthu.

Blechnum

Blehnum ili ndi chisoti chachifumu chofanana ndi kanjedza; chimatha kutalika mpaka mita 1.2. Chomera chimakula pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, chitukuko chokhazikika, zosinthika pachaka sizofunikira. Masamba a masamba ataliatali amatisonkhanitsa mu rosette wandiweyani. Koma masamba ake siwofinya ngati a pellet kapena davalia. Ziweto zomwe ma plates amakula ndizosawoneka bwino, chifukwa ndizitali zazitali kwambiri. Masamba amasamba amakhala olimba kukhudza, akapanikizidwa mwachangu.

Fern samakhala wopanda phindu pochoka ndikusintha bwino pazovuta.

Zofunikira ziti pakukula kwa ferns

Kusamalira mkati mwa nyumba fern kunyumba makamaka kumakhala kupanga malo abwino. Choyamba, malo abwino omera amasankhidwa. Ferns ndi odzikuza pochoka, koma osalekerera mlengalenga komanso moyipa. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwanso makamaka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kugula mbewu yofanana ndi fern. Chipinda chomwe chimayikonza chizikhala chatsopano, chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino pafupipafupi. Ndikwabwino kusankha chipinda chomwe mawindo ake samayang'ana kunja, apo ayi utsi wambiri ndi utsi womwe umalowamo ungayambitse kuyipa kwamaluwa: ayamba kuwuma ndikugwa.

Pewani mawindo kum'mwera kwa nyumbayo, chifukwa mbewuyo sikulabadira kutalikirana ndi dzuwa nthawi yayitali. Zoyenera kukhala ndi ma fern zimayatsa kuwala pazenera lakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Koma choti chitsamba chimakonda mthunzi sichowona, ndikuwala koteroko nyumba yotseka masamba ndikuleka kukula.

Kusamalira fern kumaphatikizapo kupanga chinyezi chokwanira. Siyenera kuloledwa kuwonjezeka ndiopitilira 60-70%, apo ayi chiopsezo cha bowa kapena nkhungu chidzachuluka, koma mpweya wouma umavulanso thanzi la fern. Ntchito yabwino kwambiri pakukula ndi 40-60%.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Chofunikira china pakukula kwa ferns kunyumba ndi mtundu wa nthaka. Zimafunikira mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi dothi, motero ndibwino kuti oyamba asankhe magawo okhala ndi michere okonzedwa m'masitolo opangidwa mwachangu kwa mbewu za fern.

Kunyumba, mutha kukonzekera gawo lapansi, liyenera kukhala:

• kompositi kapena humus (osakaniza akhale pafupifupi theka lophatikizidwa ndi masamba owola);
• dziko lotayirira;
• peat;
• mchenga kapena mitsinje;
• ngalande, zomwe zimatsanulidwa munsi pansi pa mphika, momwe zingakhalire: matope okhathamira kapena zidutswa za njerwa, timiyala tosweka, mchenga wowuma.

Mutha kudyetsa chitsamba ndi feteleza komanso michere yambiri. Njirayi iyenera kuchitidwa kawiri pamwezi, makamaka mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, kusungunula mankhwala m'madzi. Ma organic amathanso kuthiridwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi pochotsa zinyowe za mbalame kapena mullein ndi madzi. Kudyetsa koyambirira ndi komaliza kuyenera kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi organics ndi mchere kukonzekera. Musaphwanye kipimo chomwe chikuwoneka paphukusili.

Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala koyenera komanso kachitidwe kazinthu zina

Momwe mungasamalire fern kunyumba

Kusamalira kunyumba kwa Fern kumakhala motsatira zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kuthirira. Sayenera kukhala yochulukirapo komanso pafupipafupi. Kukula pafupipafupi kwa njirayi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa chitsamba, popanda matenda omwe ali ndi fungus kapena nkhungu. Nthawi yakula, fern iyenera kuthiriridwa pomwe dothi lakumtunda limadzala mpaka masentimita 2-3, nthawi yozizira panthawi yokhala pogona imakhala yocheperako kamodzi pamwezi.
• Thirani Ndondomeko amachitika chaka chilichonse mu kasupe woyamba 4-6 zaka moyo. Pambuyo pa nthawi iyi, kumuyika wina aliyense zaka 4 ndikokwanira. Pobzala, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zamapulasitiki, mwachitsanzo, zowoneka bwino, zimawoneka zokongola ndi chomera chomwe chili ndi korona wapamwamba.
• Limbanani ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Poyamba chizindikiro cha vuto la maluwa, ayenera kulandira chithandizo mosachedwa. Kuyambitsa vuto kumatanthauza kuwonetsera pachovulacho pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa matenda ena kapena tizirombo touluka titha kuwononga chitsamba.
• Kudulira. Ndondomeko ikuchitika zonse zaukhondo ndi zitsamba zopangira. Poyambirira, masamba ndi mphukira zakufa zimachotsedwa masika aliwonse kapena nthawi yophukira. Njira yachiwiri yodulira imachitika pofuna kupatsa chitsamba chilichonse kapena kuwongolera korona m'mitundu yowala.
• Kuwaza. Kuchita kwake kumathandiza kwambiri masamba a chitsamba, chifukwa chimatsuka fern ndikutsuka masamba ake kuchokera kumdothi ndi fumbi.

Kukula dimba kunyumba, pangani nyengo yabwino

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma fern omwe adakulidwa m'nyumba. Onsewa amasiyana mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mtundu. Kusamalira kwawo ndikosavuta kuchitira, shrub imapulumuka ngakhale m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Pali njira zambiri zosavuta pofalitsa. Mukagula fern mnyumba, mutha kuyisunga kwakanthawi yayitali, kumangodzilimbitsa ndikudzipangira nokha.