Azalea, kapena rhododendron - imodzi mwa maluwa okongola kwambiri, omwe ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa mafani a m'nyumba za zomera. Duwa limayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha maluwa ake owala kwambiri omwe angabweretse mpweya wa kasupe pakati pa nyengo yozizira. Nkhaniyi ikukhudzana ndi malo azaleas: malamulo odzala ndi kumusamalira kunyumba, yomwe zomera zimakhala nthawi yaitali zimakondweretsa mwiniwakeyo ndi mtundu wodabwitsa ndikupereka maganizo.
Malo azalea: kufotokoza
Azalea (Latin Azalea) ndi gulu la mitundu ya maluwa ya mtundu wa Rhododendron, wa banja la Heather. Dziko lakwawo ndi mayiko akummawa a China ndi Japan, koma nthawi zina amapezeka ku North America ndi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Dzina lakuti "azalea" limachokera ku Chigiriki ndipo limatanthauza "youma." Iwo amazitcha izo chotero chifukwa cha maonekedwe, monga kawirikawiri ndi shrub youma yazing'ono. Chipinda cha Azalea chimakhala ndi zaka 3 mpaka 4. Kawirikawiri, maluwa ake ndi ofiira, koma palinso maulendo oyera, obiriwira, ofiira, ofiira, kapena ngakhale maluwa awiri. Flower pamakhala ngakhale, pang'ono terry kapena terry. Mu chilengedwe, pali oimira 350 a azaleas, omwe awiri okha ndi malo.
Mtundu wodziwika bwino wa azalea ndi Mmwenye. Ndizomwe zimakhala zobiriwira, nthambi, zachimanga shrub, zomwe kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50. Masambawo ndi ofooka, amdima wobiriwira, pa petioles, omwe ali ndi tsitsi lofiira. Maluwawo ndi pinki yofiira, yomwe imakhala yolemera masentimita 3 mpaka 5, ndipo imafalikira m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndipo mtundu wachiwiri - Japanese azalea, komanso green shrub, kokha pang'ono. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kuchokera ku Indian azalea maluwa - ndizochepa kwambiri. Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukula osati kokha m'chipinda, komanso m'munda.
Mukudziwa? Mphatso yotchuka kwambiri ya chikondwerero chilichonse ndi azalea mu mphika, koma ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kunyumba, imatha msanga ndi kufa. Mukamagula maluwa azalea, nkofunika kusankha nthawi ndi masamba ambiri. Maluwa oterowo adzasintha mofulumira ku malo atsopanowa komanso nthawi yaitali adzasangalala ndi zodabwitsa zake.
Kumene angayambire azalea, malo osankhika a maluwa
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti azalea ndi chomera chopanda phindu, chotero, kuti icho chisangalatse momwe zingathere ndi maluwa ambiri, muyenera kuyesa kupeza malo abwino oti azizisunga.
Kusankha malo ndi kuunikira
Azalea ndi chomera chachikondi, koma salola kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndibwino kuti muziyiyika pa khonde kapena muwindo lawindo lomwe limapita kummawa, kumpoto kapena kumadzulo. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupereka chomera ndi mthunzi wochepa kapena wochepa.
Kodi kutentha ndi chinyezi ziyenera kukhala chiyani?
Maluwa a azalea amafunikira nyengo yapadera ya kutentha, yomwe ingasokoneze chisamaliro kunyumba, popeza nyengo ya zipinda si nthawizonse yabwino. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa maluwa awa ndi +15 ... +18 °. Sikophweka kupanga zinthu ngati izi m'chipinda chokhalamo, choncho ndi bwino kuika azalea pa khonde lotentha, kumalo osasunthika kapena pamalo ena ozizira.
Pa nthawi ya mapangidwe a mphukira, zimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 12 ° С. M'chilimwe, azalea ayenera kutetezedwa ku kutentha, choncho ndibwino kuti ayiike mu chipinda choziziritsa mpweya kuti mukhale otentha mkati mwa +18 ° C. Muwotcha, mphepo yowonongeka ya nyumbayo kapena pawindo la pansi pa betri yotentha, azalea adzafa mwamsanga.
Chinyezi chabwino kwa azaleas ndi chofunika kwambiri monga kutentha, kotero zimakhala zovuta kumusamalira kunyumba ndi mpweya wouma. Kuthetsa vuto la kutentha kwakukulu kungathandize Kupopera kokwanira kapena kukonza mpweya wokhala panyumba. Kupopera mankhwala a Azalea ayenera kukhala bwino ndikuchitidwa ndi madzi ozizira. Zikhoza kuyikidwa kuzungulira zitsambazo ndi madzi kuti asanduke madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Simungathe kupopera azaleas nthawi ya maluwa - maluwa ake osakhwima amdima mdima.
Zomwe zimapangidwira kubzala
Malo azaleas ali ndi zizindikiro zawo zokha za kubzala ndi kusamalidwa, zomwe ziyenera kuwonedwa kuti zikule zomera zabwino, zokongola.
Kodi nthaka iyenera kukhala yotani?
Azalea ndi imodzi mwa zomera zochepa zomwe zimamera pa nthaka yamchere. Heather amatenga kapena chisakanizo cha peat ndi coniferous land pa chiŵerengero cha 2: 1, ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga pang'ono, ndibwino kuti kulima. Mu malo ogulitsa apadera mungathe kugula nthaka yosakaniza yomwe imapangidwira kukula kwa asidilika (okonda nthaka yosavuta).
Kusankhidwa kwa mphamvu yokhala pansi
Azalea ali ndi mizu yozama, choncho mphika wosazama uyenera kusankhidwa kuti udye kuti mizu ikhale yoyandikana kwambiri ndi nthaka.
Momwe mungamerezere azalea
Musanabzala azalea pakhomo, muyenera kukonza miphika ndi madzi osanjikiza a njerwa kapena zidutswa zazing'ono pasadakhale. Kenaka dulani nthaka yokonzeka m'thanete ndikudyera azalea cuttings, kukumba limodzi ndi theka kufika masentimita awiri. Ngati zidutswa zingapo zidabzalidwa mu chidebe chimodzi, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala wa 4-5 masentimita. Pambuyo pa kutsika, zidutswa ziyenera kuphimbidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha. Pa kutentha kwa +25 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 80%, mbande ya azalea idzakhazikitsa mizu yolimba miyezi iwiri.
Uzisamalira azalea kunyumba
Azalea imafuna ntchito yowonongetsera kunyumba, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutsirira, kudyetsa, kudulira, kukanikiza ndi kuika.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Kuthirira azaleas ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse, musalole kuti dothi liume. Madzi okwanira ndi oyenera okha opatulidwa, ofewa ndi osankhidwa, ndi bwino ngati kuli kozizira pang'ono. Ngati dothi liri lochepa pang'ono, mukhoza kuika mphika ndi azalea mu chidebe ndi madzi kwa maola angapo. Ngati azalea akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti m'nyengo yozizira, akulimbikitsidwa kuyika chisanu kapena chisanu pamwamba pa nthaka pafupi ndi chomera. Sikoyenera kumasula nthaka, mbewuyi imakhala ndi mizu yoonda kwambiri, yomwe ili pamtunda ndipo imangowonongeka mosavuta.
Mukudziwa? Ngati muwonjezera madzi pang'ono a mandimu ku madzi kuti akuwetse, maluwawo adzakula kwambiri. Izi siziyenera kuchitika ndi kuthirira kulikonse, koma kawiri pa mwezi.Dyetsani azalea masika ndi chilimwe, kamodzi pa sabata. Superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potaziyamu sulfite, ammonium nitrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakati pa mbeu, zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate pa mlingo wa 15 g pa 10 malita a madzi.
Momwe mungayambitsire azalea
Kuti azalea iphuke bwino, chomeracho chiyenera kudula nthawi. Cholinga cha kudulira kotereku ndiko kupanga korona yodzikongoletsera ndi masamba ofanana. Kudulira kumachitika pasanathe nthawi ya March - April kwa mitundu yoyambirira, ndipo mu May - June kwa omwe akubwera. Ndikofunika kuti tisachedwe ndi kudulira, mwinamwake masamba a maluwa sangapangidwe nthawi ndi maluwa adzakhala ofooka. Mu azaleas amapanga korona wa mitundu iwiri: mu mawonekedwe a mtengo wawung'ono kapena shrub. Kuti apange mtengo, amasankha umodzi mwa nthambi zamphamvu kwambiri mu chitsamba chochepa ndikukula thunthu.
Thupi itakula, muyenera kutsitsa nsonga. Pambuyo pake, mtengowo umayamba kugwira ntchito, umayenera kupitilira nthawi zonse kusinthasintha ndi kutsinja nthambi zokhoma kuti ukhale ndi korona wapadera. Ngati mutasiya mawonekedwe a chitsamba, kudulira kwa chaka ndi chaka kukufupikitsa mphukira zonse zapitazo ndikuchotsa mphukira zosafunika ndi zofooka zomwe zimawononga mawonekedwe a chitsamba.
Kusinthanitsa
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2 mpaka 2.5 mutatha kubwereka kwa achinyamata a cuttings kuti ayambe kukuthandizani kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maluwa atsopano omwe angakhoze kuwonekera, amachotsedwa, chifukwa amaletsa mapangidwe atsopano. Kubwereza kutsitsa kumachitika patatha miyezi itatu, kudula zomera kuti 4-6 mphukira. Kuti apange chitsamba cha mawonekedwe oyenera, nsonga za mmerazo zimapangidwanso 10-12 masentimita kuchokera pansi, ndipo chitsamba chimatembenuka ndipo mbali yakuwombera imamveka kuti nthambi zikule mofanana.
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji yopangira azalea?
Ntchito zothandizira, pakati pazinthu zina, zimaperekanso kuika kwa azalea, komwe kumachitika pachaka kunyumba. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu m'nyengo yozizira itatha. Chaka chilichonse, mukufunika kusinthanitsa zomera zazing'ono, kuti akuluakulu azikwanira kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri. Kudzala pogwiritsa ntchito miphika yopanda madzi ndi chisakanizo cha malo a peat ndi pine ndi kuwonjezera mchenga. Amachita mosamala kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito njira yosinthira nthaka, popeza azaleas ali ndi mizu yoonda kwambiri komanso yochepetseka yomwe imawonongeka mosavuta.
Matenda akuluakulu a Azalea ndi tizirombo
Azalea nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi tizirombo, monga azalea mole, whitehouse greenfly, mealybug ndi ena. Azalea mole ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawononga masamba, omwe amauma, kutha, ndi kufa. Mbozi ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imathamangira masamba abwino, kuwapaka m'matope ndikupitiriza kukula kumeneko.
Whitefly ya wowonjezera kutentha imayipitsanso masamba a azalea; bowa wa soot umathera pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezera apo, whitefly imatenga matenda ena omwe ali oopsa kwa mbewu zamaluwa. Nthata za Strawberry zimapweteka kwambiri azaleas, chifukwa cha masamba aang'ono omwe amamera mkati mwake, mmalo mwa zazikulu, masamba ochepa, omwe sangathe pachimake amapangidwa. Zomera zimapepuka kukula ndikufa patapita nthawi.
Ndiponso azaleas amatenga matenda ambiri monga powdery mildew, nkhungu yakuda, dzimbiri, fusarium ndi zina. Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala a Actellic kapena Aktara (1 g pa 10 malita a madzi) komanso Plant Pin kapena Etisso kumathandiza kwambiri matendawa ndi tizirombo, omwe amamatira pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 2 kuchokera mu tsinde.
Malo azalea azaza
Azalea imabereka makamaka mwa kudula. Cuttings pafupifupi mamita 9 masentimita amadulidwa kuchokera ku thanzi labwino kamodzi pachaka. Zigawo zobisika zimapangidwa pansi, pansi pa impso. Mapepala apansi a phesi achotsedwa, ndipo chapamwamba amadulidwa pakati. Ndiye odulidwa cuttings amasonkhanitsidwa mtolo wa 8 - 10 zidutswa ndi kutsika kwa 8 - 10 maola mu kukula stimulator. The cuttings obzalidwa osaya containers, mu kale anakonza nthaka kuti akuya 1.5-2 masentimita, kenako anaphimba kulenga wowonjezera kutentha kwenikweni.
Mbande ziyenera kukhala nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino, kuchotsa filimuyi kwa kanthawi. Sitiyenera kulola drafts, kutentha kwakukulu ndi +22 ° C. Pambuyo pa mbeuyi, firimuyo imachotsedwa, zomera zimayamba kumwa madzi nthawi zonse. Pamene mphukira imakula mpaka masentimita 3, ndi nthawi yoti muimire miphika yodula.
Njira zochepa: momwe mungapangire mazira azalea kwa nthawi yaitali
Pali zinsinsi zambiri za momwe angasungitsire azalea yomwe idagulidwa mu sitolo kuti ikhale yosakondweretsanso diso ndi maluwa ake ndipo sichidzafa pambuyo pang'onong'ono. Kuti muchite izi, mutatha maluwa, muyenera kuchotsa chomeracho mumphika ndikuchiyika mumtsuko ndi madzi ozizira kuti musambe mizu ya dothi yomwe idakula, ndi kuchotsa mizu yakufa. Kenaka mizu iyenera kutsukidwa mu njira ya manganese ndi kudzala chomera mu nthaka yapadera yosakaniza kwa azaleas. Pafupifupi mlungu umodzi, azalea adzapereka timapepala tatsopano, zidzakhala ndi moyo ndipo tidzasangalalabe ndi maluwa ake ochititsa chidwi.
