Pamene eni ake achimwemwe achimwemwe kanyumba kanyengo kanyengo koyamba abwera ku ma ekala 5-10, pamenepo nthawi zambiri chithunzi chosayenerako chimawayembekezera. Dziko lomwe ladzala namsongole ndi mphukira zakuthengo, ndi mitengo yamkungiri ndi singano zodzipangira poyang'ana koyamba kuti malingaliro apa ntchito sathanidwe. Palibe phindu kudalira kukolola kwakukulu popanda kukonzanso malo, ndichifukwa chake oyamba chilimwe choyamba amayitenga kuti akawunika dothi lapansi, acid, chinyezi, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuchokera ku Latin futureoratio amatanthauzira "kusintha." Liwu ili mdziko lakale lidasankha dongosolo la magawo omwe cholinga chawo ndikuthandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino komanso chonde kuti chithandizidwe. Malo abwino akhala akuwakonda kwa mibadwo yonse, chifukwa chake akatswiri azaumisiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo apeza njira zosiyanasiyana zosintha dothi losakwanira kuti likhale chonde chonde. Adabweretsa madzi kukhala malo owuma, kuchotsa madzi ndi mchere wambiri, nasintha kapangidwe ka dothi, ndikuyambitsa feteleza wosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, madera anayi a kukonzanso malo adapangidwa, omwe tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera zam'minda, m'mafamu, ndi zina.
Kulima - chiyambi cha ntchito yokonzanso
Mtundu wokonzanso kwamtundu wamtunduwu umachitika ndi aliyense wokhala mmalimwe nthawi yoyamba kukonzekera malowa. Kuti mupeze malo abwino kuchokera kumabwinja oti muthawe mabedi ndi maluwa, muyenera kudula mitengo yakale, stumpot, kudula hummock ndikudzaza mabowo, komanso kuyeretsa malowo. Mwa njira, za njira zothandiza kwambiri zothetsera stumps titha kupezeka m'nkhani yapadera "Mizu yazitsamba za mitengo." Nthaka ikafufutidwa kuti ikulime koyamba, mtundu wa dothi umawunikiridwa. Pa dothi lolemera, masingwe amachitika, akumayambitsa mchenga 10 mpaka 20 cm ndikumununkhiza pamtunda wapamwamba wa dothi. Izi zimathandizira kayendedwe ka mpweya ndi madzi padziko lapansi, zimachulukitsa kutentha kwa nthaka, zimachotsa mapangidwe anthawi yopumira.
Mosiyana ndi kuumba. Imachitika m'malo opanda mchenga. Loam amamwazika ndi wosanjikiza mpaka 10 cm pansi paulimi. Udongo umathandiza kusunga chinyezi ndikulemeretsa nthaka ndi zinthu zomwe sizili zokwanira mumchenga.
Kutengera mtundu wa dothi lomwe limapezeka munyumba yotentha, mchenga, dongo, chernozem, crat crumb ndi zinthu zina zimawonjezeredwa kuti zithandizire kusintha kwa mpweya ndi madzi munthaka
Ngati malowa ali ndi ma peat bogs, ndiye kuti bwino kuti nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera dongo ndi mchenga. Mitengo ya peat imakonda kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo kuyambitsidwa kwa mchenga wosakanizika ndi dongo kumapangitsa nthaka kukhala yopepuka, imathandizira njira yopunthira nthaka mu kasupe ndikulola kufesa mabedi masiku 1010 kale kuposa masiku onse.
Ntchito yokonzanso: khazikitsani kuchuluka kwa chinyezi
Chomera chilichonse chimakhala ndi zofuna zake zamadzi, koma zambiri sizimalola kuti pakhale chinyontho kapena kusowa chinyezi. Chifukwa chake, kukonzanso kwa dothi kumaphatikizapo kuwongolera monga ma hydraulic engineering. Ntchito yake ndikukhazikitsa chinyontho m'nthaka mothandizidwa ndi magawo, okhudza zokolola. Kutengera malo omwe malowa ali (madera otsika kapena mapiri, kufupi ndi nkhokwe yachilengedwe kapena malo otsetsereka ...), onani zomwe ntchito yothirira ndi kukhetsa ngaluluyi imafunikira m'malo enieni ake.
Madzimadzi: amachotsa chinyezi chambiri
Ngati wokhala m'chilimwe "ali ndi mwayi" kuti alandire malo otsika, pomwe mvula iliyonse isanawume kwa milungu ingapo, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga ngalande. Kupanda kutero, mbewuzo zidzafota, ndipo maziko a nyumbayo ayamba kufooka nthawi ikusungunuka ndi chipale chofe kapena kusefukira kwamadzi. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa kukokomeza, dongosolo lotseguka, lotseguka kapena chatsekedwa chophimba dera lonselo limapangidwa. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri zaukadaulo wa kuyika ngalande mu nkhani "Dongosolo lamadzi lamadzi patsamba."
Ngati malowa ali m'chigwa, ndiye kuti vuto lake lalikulu lidzakulitsidwa chinyezi, lomwe lingathetsedwe ndi madzi otsekedwa
Kuthirira nthaka: kumathandiza kuthana ndi chilala
Ngati dothi ndilopepuka komanso lofooka limagwira chinyezi, komanso malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, njira yothirira pamalopo iyenera kulingaliridwa. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi yomwe dimba limakula, chinyezi ndichofunikira. Popanda izi, mbewu zimatha kutaya mtundu, zimachepetsa mapangidwe a mazira, ndipo zipatso zimakomoka komanso zazing'ono. Chifukwa chake, okhalamo chilimwe amasankha mtundu umodzi wothirira, wopindulitsa kwambiri m'njira zina.
Chifukwa chake, njira yakathiridwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'minda yayikulu. Madzi amalowetsedwa panthaka kudzera m'maenje apadera, mizere, mizera, ndipo nthawi zina kusefukira kwathunthu kwa malowa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kumwaza ndi njira yothiririra pamafamu apadera. Madzi amalowa munthaka ngati ma mvula amvula ochepa kudzera pamafinyikisoni omwe amaikidwa m'malo abwino. Ubwino wa kuthirira kotero ndikuti madzi akumwa amatsika kwambiri kuposa kuthilira. Poterepa, sikofunikira kukumba ngalande zapadera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pakufika. Chinyezi chimakuta osati mizu ya mbewu, komanso imapanga chipika chokwezeka, chikutsuka masamba a mbewu kufumbi komanso kuthamangitsa photosynthesis.
Mukamamwetsa chiwembu pakukonkha, osati mizu yokha, komanso mbali yonse ya kumtunda imadzaza ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimathandizira njira za photosynthesis
Kuthirira chonde ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yowonjezera chinyezi. Zimafunikira kuyika mapaipi opaka mafuta mgawo lonse ndikuwalumikiza ndi mapampu. Madzi opukutidwa ndi kupanikizika amayenda kudzera m'mapaipi ndikupita pang'onopang'ono kudzera m'mabowo m'nthaka, ndikuwonjezera chinyezi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yothirira ndi kuthirira. Zowona, lero kuyika mapaipi mwanjira imeneyi kutha kuchitika mu nthaka komanso pamwamba pake. Ndi njira yothirira, kuthirira kwa madzi ochepa, madzi samadyetsa "chinyezi", ndipo chomera chilichonse chimalandira “zakumwa” zochulukirapo monga zimafunikira, komanso osati pamiyeso yambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono.
Kuphatikiza pa kukhetsa ndi kuthirira, njira zothirira komanso zotayira zingaphatikizepo nkhondo yolimbana ndi kugwa kwamtunda, kusefukira kwamatope, kukokoloka kwa nthaka, ndi zina zambiri.
Kukonzanso kwamankhwala: Amayang'anira PH bwino
Mwina dothi lotchuka kwambiri lotchedwa kukonzanso limatchedwa mankhwala, chifukwa aliyense wokhala pachilimwe pachaka amapanga feteleza zina kuti azisintha nthaka ndikulimbana ndi acidity yayikulu. Dziko la Acidic ndivuto lalikulu, chifukwa kugwa kwamvula, feteleza ochulukirapo wa mchere, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mbewu mosayenera kumawononga chiyeso cha PH, kuchepetsa zokolola ndi mtundu wa dzikolo lokha. Tinalemba kale za momwe tingachitire ndi acidity nthaka ndikuwongolera chonde chake (zolemba "Kuchepetsa nthaka m'mundamo" ndi "Zomwe zimapangitsa chonde"), chifukwa chake tikambirana mitundu ina ya ntchito zosinthira mankhwala.
Kubweretsa laimu, ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa la nkhuni m'nthaka kumathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yachilengedwe komanso kukonza bwino mbewu zambiri zam'munda
Mchere wambiri, wambiri ngati asidi, sugwirizana ndi mbewu. Ndipo ngati wokhala pachilimwe atapeza tsamba lomwe limatchedwa mchere marshes - malo pamalopo pomwe mchere wambiri umalimbikitsidwa mu dothi, ndiye kuti malo awa samasankhidwa.
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa salinization, dothi ndilosiyana - kuchokera pang'ono mchere kupita m'makola amchere, koma kulimbana ndi chofanana pamayiko onse ndizofanana. Nthaka imatsukidwa kuti ichotse mchere pamtunda wapamwamba wachonde. Pafupifupi malita 150 amadzi amamwa pa mita imodzi. Ndizachidziwikire kuti palibe chikhalidwe chomwe chingathe kupirira kusefukira kwamadzi, chifukwa chake, kutsuka kumachitika ndi dothi loyera. Kuthamanga kumadera okhala ndi njira yotsekera ngalande kumathandiza kwambiri. Mchere wambiri ndi madzi umapita m'mapaipi, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo - kunja kwa tsamba. Chifukwa chake ndikulima kwamtsogolo, dziko lapansi kuchokera pansi panthaka silidzakhalanso mchere.
Kuwonjezera kwanyengo panthaka: inshuwaransi motsutsana ndi chisanu
Potentha, matenthedwe otenthetsera ntchito amathandizira kuti nthaka isatenthe msanga. Cholinga chawo ndikukula kutentha kwapansipansi ndi zigawo zakuya kwambiri kuti nthawi yozizira kwambiri mizu itetezedwe kuti isalowe mu chisanu kudzera m'nthaka. Mwa izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mulching imagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyika zigawo za kompositi ndi mabowo m'nthaka, kuphatikizika kwa dothi lowala, etc.
Kudula mitengo pafupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yamitengo kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa mizu mu nthawi yozizira kwambiri ndikuthanso chinyezi m'nthaka
Mutha kudziwa zambiri za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zodyera kuchokera pa kanema:
Kukonzanso: Kumapulumutsa Malo Okhala Ndi Anthu
Kusintha kwa nthaka kulinso kwamtundu wina wokonzanso nthaka, i.e. kuchira kwawo. Nthawi zambiri pomanga mizinda, migodi, ndi zina, gawo la malo oyandikana nalo limasungidwa ndi kukonza zinyalala, zomangira, zinyalala, ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo eni eni ake akuyenera kubwezeretsa chonde ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe am'deralo, ngati ntchito za mzindawo sizinachite izi.
Kubwezeretsanso bwino nthaka komanso malo akewo m'malo ovuta si ntchito yophweka. Pamafunika kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazikulu zokulitsira zinyalala, ndikusintha dothi
Ntchito yobwezeretsa ikuchitika bwino pambuyo pofufuza momwe dzikolo lilili komanso kutsimikiza komwe kuyenera kuperekedwa ndi akatswiri okonzanso zachilengedwe.
Monga mukuwonera, ntchito yodzikongoletsanso ndi njira yofunika yolumikizira chonde. Ndipo ngati mugula nyumba yachilimwe osati yosangalatsa, komanso kukulitsa "mavitamini" anu, ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikukonza nthaka, pokhapokha ndibzala mbewu.
