Cyclamen ndi chomera cha herbaceous chomwe chimakulidwa m'malo otseguka komanso kunyumba. Woimira banja la Primrose. Ngati cyclamen amasamaliridwa bwino, m'nyengo yamaluwa imakhala ndi maluwa onunkhira onunkhira.
Eni mbewu zamaluwa amayembekeza maluwa nyengo yonseyi, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, masamba atha kutulutsa.
Duwa la pinki pamtunda wobiriwira
Sikuti aliyense amadziwa momwe angathandizire mtengowo, choti ungachite ngati cyclamen isiya chikasu, kapena tizirombo tidaipitsa.
Thupi
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe cyclamen sichimatulutsa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindacho. Primroses pachimake mu nthawi yozizira, kutentha sikumalekeredwa bwino. Kutentha pamtunda wa 18 ° C kumawoneka kuti ndi kwamtondo. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira malo omwe mphikawo umayimapo. Pakati pa nyengo yotentha, ma primroses sayenera kuyima pazenera la sill, pomwe pali ma radiators.
Mizu yozama
Mizu yoikidwa m'manda kwambiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe cyclamen sichimera, ndipo masamba okha ndiwo amakula. Pankhaniyi, duwa lamaluwa limamizidwa pang'ono pansi, zomwe zimasokoneza maluwa. Mwina mphika wa chomeracho udasankhidwa molakwika ndikusintha kwambiri.
Maluwa mumphika wawung'ono
Tcherani khutu! Osayesa kukula cyclamen mumphika waukulu, duwa limakhala losasangalatsa poyera. Ngati chomera chachikulu, muyenera kusankha poto wokhala ndi masentimita 9-13. Mtunda pakati pa mizu ndi makhoma a mphikawo suyenera kupitirira 2-3 cm.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe cyclamen imasiya kupindika ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Chomera sichingakhale pachimake mpaka vuto litathetsedwa.
Matenda a cyclamen amatha chifukwa cha ma virus, bowa, ndi majeremusi. Matenda amatenga ngati duwa limakula mosayenera. Ngati zinthu sizingatenge nthawi, mbewuyo imayamba kufa.
Masamba achikasu
Cyclamen ikhoza kusiya masamba ndi nthawi yokhala chete pomwe chomera chimasiya kukula. Pankhaniyi, amagwa pang'onopang'ono, iyi ndi njira yachilendo. Ngati masamba ali opal msanga ndipo pafupifupi zonse, ili ndi vuto lalikulu.
Masamba a cyclamen amatha kutembenuka chikasu ndikugwa ngati atasamaliridwa bwino.
Zomwe muyenera kulabadira:
- Kutentha kwa mpweya Zomera zimatha kutentha kwambiri;
- Chinyezi. Cyclamen imakula bwino ndi chinyezi chambiri komanso chapamwamba;
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi othirira. Chinyezi sichiyenera kuzama;
- Mpweya wabwino. M'zipinda zouma bwino kapena malaya olimba, duwa limakhala losamasuka;
- Malo omwe poto wa maluwa amayimira. Dzuwa lolunjika lisayigwere, masamba amawotcha. Pankhaniyi, chikaso chimatha kutentha.
Masamba achikasu
Ngati masamba a cyclamen atasanduka achikasu ndikuzimiririka, chisamaliro chakunyumba sichinasinthe, vuto likhoza kukhala dothi. Itha kupatsirana ndi bowa ndi ma virus omwe amapatsira duwa. Matenda oyamba pomwe masamba amasanduka achikaso ndikugwa amatchedwa fusariosis. Mafangayi ndi owopsa chifukwa chimatchinga ziwiya za mbewu ndikuchotsa poizoni.
Zowola
Kudzera muming'alu mu tubers, mbewuyo imatha kugwira kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, komwe kumayambitsa kunyowa. Kuzindikira matendawa ndikosavuta: chomera chimafooka ndikufa, fungo lovunda limawonekera. Palibe kanthu kuchitira duwa; ndibwino kuitaya nthawi yomweyo kuti zowola zisadutse mbewu zathanzi.
Tcherani khutu! Cyclamen amatha kugwira kachilomboka m'malo a masamba kapena masamba oyambira.
Grey nkhungu
Grey nkhungu - matenda oyamba ndi fungus, amadziwoneka okha zolembedwa ndi siliva sheen pa masamba. Maluwa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu amadetsedwa ndikugwa.
Cholinga chachikulu cha mawonekedwewo ndi kuphatikizira kwazinyezi ndi mpweya wozizira mchipindacho. Ngati nthawi yothirira madzi imagwera pakati pa masamba ndi masamba, pakapita nthawi imayamba kuumbika. Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto, muyenera kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Magawo otsalira a maluwa amafunikira chithandizo cha fungicide.
Zovunda
Mizu ya cyclamen imawola kuchoka pa bvuto lomwe limayamba pansi. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amawoneka ngati duwa libzalidwa m'munda wamba kapena dothi lovunditsidwa.
Vutoli siliyenera kuzindikirika nthawi yomweyo, popeza mizu imayamba kuwonongeka. Muyenera kulabadira masamba, mwanjira imeneyi akusowa zakudya, ndipo amatembenukira wobiriwira.
Mutha kuyambiranso cyclamen wachikulire, muyenera kuyikoka mumphika ndikutsuka pansi. Madera onse owonongeka a mizu amadulidwapo, athanzi ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fangayi. Mtengowo wabzalidwa osakanikira panthaka, womwe umakhala kuti ulibe mankhwala otentha.
Ndi ena
Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zazikulu, cyclamen ili ndi matenda awa:
- Anthracnose ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe makamaka amakhudza peduncle. Pamwamba pa thunthu loyera limauma; ilo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe osokonekera;
- Phytophthora zowola ndi matenda am'mimba omwe ndi ovuta kuzindikira. Poyambirira, duwa lovunda silimasiyana lathanzi; pakapita nthawi, kukula kwake kumasokonekera. Amayamba kuuma ndikutha, masamba amasintha mtundu;
- Sofi fungus - zokutira zakuda zomwe zimaphimba pamwamba pa masamba. Chifukwa chodera, chomera sichimalandirira dzuwa ndipo chimayamba kuzimiririka.
Tcherani khutu! Matenda opatsirana ndi vuto lochedwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka nthawi yamaluwa, chomera chodwala sichingamasulidwe mobwerezabwereza. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa mpweya wabwino wa dothi komanso chinyezi chokwanira.
Vuto lodziwika ndiloti cyclamen ili ndi masamba opotozedwa, chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?
Cholinga chachikulu ndikutha kwa maluwa ndi tizirombo, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka:
- Ma nsabwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa timadziti kuchokera ku chomera. Masamba amapindika msanga ndikumata, ngati maluwa atuluka, masamba ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe;
- Mafunso Palibe mulingo wokulirapo kuposa mchenga wokulirapo, ndikosatheka kuzindikira. Wachikulire wachikulire ndipo mphutsi zake zimayamwa timadziti ndi mphamvu kuchokera ku cyclamen;
- Scutellum ndi kachilombo kakuda komwe kamakhala kosayenda pam masamba a cyclamen ndikumayamwa juwiti;
- Tizilombo touluka ndi tizilombo touluka timene timayamba nyengo yotentha komanso youma. Duwa lomwe limakhudzidwa limachepetsa kukula kwake, masamba ake ndikugwa.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati cyclamen iwonetsa zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa nkhupakaka, iyenera kudzipatula ku mbewu zina.
Ndikotheka kuyambiranso maluwa ndikusunga maluwa pokhapokha kuwonongeka, pokhapokha patakhala zovuta zina zaziphuphu ndi masamba.
Tsamba la tizilombo
Zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mupulumutse cyclamen:
- Dziwani za matendawo ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, vutoli ndikusunthika kwa chinyezi, dothi losakhala bwino kapena kutentha kwambiri;
- Chotsani mbali zonse za duwa: masamba, zimayambira, mizu yovunda;
- Zomwe zimatsala zimathandizidwa ndi yankho, kusankha komwe kumadalira matenda a chomera;
- Ngati vutoli lili m'nthaka, kusinthidwa kukhala gawo lapansi labwino kwambiri kufunikira;
- Mtengowo ukupitilirabe kusamalira, kuwongolera kuthirira, kutentha ndi kuyatsa.
Ngati cyclamen ichoka patsekemera tizirombo, vutoli liyenera kukhazikika.
Mutha kuthana ndi tizirombo ta mankhwala azitsamba kapena mankhwala ophera tizirombo, omwe ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito:
- Othandizira zamankhwala amathandizira kuchotsa ma aphid: Aktara, Fitoverm, Agrovertin. Masamba amathandizidwa ndi thonje swab choviikidwa mu yankho, pambuyo pake chomera chimatsukidwa osamba;
- Posankha mankhwala, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nkhupakupa sizilombo, ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala sichizithandiza. Acaricides Neoron ndi Sunmayth athandizira kuthana ndi tizilombo;
- Njira zothetsera Aktar, Fitoverm ndi Bankol, zomwe zikufunika kukonzedwa, zikuthandizira kuchotsa ziphuphu. Akuluakulu, ndizotheka kuwuluka tchire losiyanasiyana, motero mankhwalawa amachitika tsiku lililonse 14-30;
- Polimbana ndi kuponyera, ndibwino kuti mupewe mawonekedwe awo. Ndikofunikira kukhalabe chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa mpweya, makamaka nthawi yotentha. Tizilombo titagundidwa, Akarin, Fitoverm ndi Agrovertin azithandiza kuzichotsa.
Maluwa achichepere sapuma nthawi yotentha komanso pachimake kwambiri, kwa akulu akulu, kupumula nthawi yotentha ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati simulola kuti cyclamen ipumule, mitsempha yachilengedwe imasochera. Kuti mupange kuphuka kwa cyclamen kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotsatira, muyenera kuchotsa mavuto ndikuwasamalira moyenera.
Ngati cyclamen yazimiririka, muyenera kuchita chiyani kunyumba ndi momwe mungasamalire? Kusamalira cyclamen mutatha maluwa ndiye kuthirira koyenera ndikusunga kutentha koyenera.
Chisamaliro chimayenera kuthandizidwa pakumwa matalala, masana kutentha kukafika pa 20 ° C. Nthawi imeneyi imatenga pakati pa Epulo mpaka Seputembala, nthawi yomwe cyclamen sikhala pachimake, masamba ake amawuma ndikugwa.
Kutsirira koyenera
Ndikokwanira kuthirira duwa kamodzi pa sabata, kuthirira kwina asanatulutse padziko lapansi. Mukathirira, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa. Madzi oyeretsa kapena okhazikika okha ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuthirira kuchokera kuthirira
Ngati cyclamen yayamba kuphuka, ndikuyenera kuchita chiyani ndikuthilira:
- Panthawi yopuma, kuthirira sikuimitsidwa, kumachepetsedwa katatu pa mwezi;
- Thirirani mbewu ndi madzi ochepa, kutengera kukula kwa poto;
- Pambuyo pakupumula kwa miyezi iwiri, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachulukitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti ibwerere modabwitsa pofika nthawi ya maluwa.
Tcherani khutu! Kwa cyclamen, muyenera chinyezi chokwanira cha mpweya, kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira, nthawi zina muyenera kumawaza mbewuyo ndi madzi.
Feteleza ndi feteleza
Kuti mbewu zikule bwino komanso kutulutsa maluwa mwachangu, mbewuyo imafunika kumeza umuna.
Zomwe zimadyetsa cyclamen:
- Kwa maluwa akuluakulu, kuvala kumachitika kawiri pamwezi mpaka masamba atapangidwa. Monga feteleza, mutha kusankha feteleza wamadzimadzi "Floretta";
- Kunyumba, mutha kukonzekera feteleza mwaufulu posakaniza 2 malita a madzi ndi 6 tbsp. l phulusa lamatabwa;
- Ngati chomerachi chili chaching'ono komanso chikukula, mutha kudyetsa ndi calcium nitrate;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mineral kumachepetsedwa bwino; cyclamen silivomereza mchere wambiri;
- Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa chloride sikuloledwa;
- Feteleza uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha nthaka yonyowa;
- Ndiosafunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ovuta pazomera zowola, apo ayi m'malo mwa masamba, masamba adzayamba kukula mwachangu;
- Pambuyo maluwa, zovala zonse ziyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Tcherani khutu! Ngati cyclamen idalimidwa kuchokera ku nthanga, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi okhazikitsa mphamvu mutangoyamba kuphuka.
Kuwala
Cyclamen ndi chomera chowoneka bwino, chimafuna kuyatsa kowala. Kuwongolera dzuwa mwachindunji ndikofunika kupewa, kwa iwo masamba adzauma ndi kutha. Chomera chimatha kuyimirira pafupi ndi zenera kum'mawa, kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo chakumadzulo. M'mawa ndi madzulo, amaloledwa kuyika duwa pawindo la pafupi ndi zenera lakumwera.
Miphika pazenera
Tcherani khutu! Panthawi yokhala matalala, chomera chimayamba kuzolowerana ndi mdima, simungathe kuchiyika pamalo pomwepo. Kwa masiku 3-4, cyclamen iyenera kuyima mthunzi pang'ono kuti izitha kuzolowanso.
Kutentha
Funso limodzi lodziwika bwino lomwe kwa eni maluwa ndi "ngati cyclamen itatha maluwa kukhala mumphika, ndichitenji ndi izi ndikuwusungiratu kutentha kotani?" Chomera chimamva bwino masenthedwe masana kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 18 ° C ndipo nthawi yausiku pamitundu 6-16 C. Mu nyengo yakutentha, cyclamen iyenera kukhala kutali ndi radiators ndi zotenthetsa.
Pa dormancy, duwa liyenera kukhala mkati mwamkati pa kutentha kwa 15-20 ° C, limatha kusungidwa m'malo osanja, kosungira kapena mu chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya. Ngati sizingatheke kupereka kutentha kofunikira mu chilimwe chotentha, kusungidwa mufiriji ndikololedwa. Mbewuyo imakumbidwa panthaka, mizu yake imakulungidwa mu polyethylene ndikuyiyika m'chigawo chapansi kuti isunge masamba.
Primroses imafuna malo apadera, m'malo ovuta - sadzaphuka. Ngati cyclamen itatembenuka masamba achikasu, kapena chomera chikuwoneka chowawa, muyenera kumuthandiza nthawi yomweyo. Zochita zolakwika kapena zosayenera zingawononge duwa.
