Pakuwona wokhala wokhala metropolis, malo akunyumba ndi paradiso wokhala ndi nyumba yokongola, udzu wobiriwira, mabedi amaluwa onunkhira, mtsinje kapena dziwe, mabedi osweka bwino. Koma nthawi zambiri zenizeni zimasemphana mwachindunji ndi nthano zachabe, ndipo mumapeza chiwembu ndi chigwa kapena m'mphepete mwa phiri. Osadandaula: kulimbitsa malo oyenera komanso kukongoletsa malo kudzathetsa mavuto onse.
Ngati mwakhala mwini nyumba yokhala ndi malo osasinthika, muyenera kutengera zinthu zosadabwitsa zomwe zikuyenda bwino. Choyamba muyenera kukumbukira zabwino za tsamba lachilendo:
- Kusasunthika kwamvula m'gawo lirilonse lokhala ndi malo otsetsereka sikumasiyidwa konse.
- Ndege yotembenukira ku dzuŵa ili bwino.
- Dera losazolowereka ndi mwayi wapadera wazipangidwe zoyambirira za gawo lanu.
- Kutenga mwayi pazinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, simukuyenera kukhazikitsa nyumba kuti mupange mathithi am'madzi, masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena phirili.
Kumbukirani zoperewera. Zomera zobzyala pamalo otsetsereka, kuthilira kowonjezereka kukufunika, popeza madzi sadzalephera m'nthaka. Okonda utoto anali opanda chidwi - ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kapeti wowoneka bwino pa ndege yokokedwa. Malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zina zofunikira, mwachitsanzo, bwalo lamasewera kapena malo osungira, komanso palibenso benchi kapena tebulo. Ndipo chopindulitsa chachikulu ndi ndalama zowonjezera zolimbitsa malo otsetsereka ndi otsetsereka, kukweza, kukhazikitsa mabedi kapena mabedi a maluwa.
Ndiye tsopano mutha kupita ku bizinesi.
Pazonse, pakusankha koyenera kwa njira yolimbikitsira ndikofunikira kuganizira zina:
- kapangidwe ka nthaka;
- digiri ya kukondera;
- oyandikana ndi madzi apansi panthaka;
- mwayi wakuwonongeka kwachilengedwe: kugwa kwamtunda, kugwa, kuwukha.
Tiyerekeze kuti kubzala ndikokwanira malo otsetsereka, omwe angakonze nthaka ndi mizu yawo ndikuletsa njira yowonongera. Malo otsetsereka amafunikira njira yowopsa kwambiri: zopangidwa mwapadera kuchokera ku biomats, ma bonion, miyala, mabatani a konkriti, geogrids imatha kuletsa kukhetsa. Mukasankha zofunikira, ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe akugwira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito yokonzekera.
Ngakhale malo otsetsereka kwambiri amatha kusinthidwa kukhala dimba labwino kwambiri poyimika makoma okhala ndi makhoma okongoletsera, komanso njira zoyandikana ndi miyala yoyaka
Sikoyenera kupanga mapangidwe olimbikitsira amtundu womwewo kapena osanjikiza amodzi: nyumba zopangidwe ndi masitepe kapena masitayilo owoneka bwino zimakulitsa malowa
Njira yachilengedwe: kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Ngati mbali yakukhazikika isapitirira madigiri 8-10, ndiye kuti mbewu: mitengo, zitsamba, maluwa ndi udzu ndizoyenera kukhazikitsa chivundikiro cha dothi. Mizu yake yosinthika imalowa pansi m'nthaka, ndikuiteteza kumtunda komanso kukokoloka. Mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, koma kubzala malo otsetsereka ndi mbewu zazikulu sikumveka. Nyimbo zopangidwa payokha mitengo yotsika komanso tchire zimawoneka zokongola kwambiri. Kupanga m'mphepete mwamphamvu kapena chigwa, tsache, elderberry, viburnum, Japan quince, scoopia, barberry, cotoneaster, galu rose ndi woyenera bwino.
Mpumulo wopanda pake umakupatsani mwayi wopanga mwaluso kwambiri wopanga zokongoletsera: kuphatikiza miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitundu yowoneka bwino ndi madzi oyenda amawoneka kuposa mawonekedwe
Zomera zamaluwa nthawi yomweyo zimagwira ntchito zokongoletsera, monga mbewu zokhala ndi mphukira zazitali ndi maluwa opepuka, mwachitsanzo, kukwera maluwa. Zomera zowala kwambiri zokulirapo siziyenera kupangidwa, mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa awiri okwanira ndi yokwanira. Zomera zoyikapo bwino ndizothandiza kukongoletsa malo osalala. Periwinkle, phesi laubweya, ivy, mpendadzuwa umapanga kapeti wowoneka bwino yemwe amakhala ngati malo obwerera kumbuyo kwa mitundu yayikulu.
Zomera zakutchire njira yabwino yolimbikitsira malo otsetsereka, mothandizidwa ndi mitundu komanso kusiyana kutalika - bisani zolakwika zazing'onoting'ono
Dera losasunthika lokhala ndi mapiri, maulendo ndi mawonekedwe ndi malo omwe amapezeka kwa okonda mapiri ndi mapiri. Kuchokera pamiyala ingapo, ma conifers ndi mitundu ingapo ya maluwa, amatha kupanga chozizwitsa chenicheni, chokongoletsa kanyumba kalikonse ka chilimwe. Chokhacho chomwe muyenera kusamalira musanakonzekere dimba la maluwa ndikulenga malo abwino okukula, ndiye kuti kuwonetsetsa kuthirira nthawi zonse.
Njira zomangira
Kupanga malo otsetsereka ndi mbewu kumawerengedwa kuti ndi njira yachilengedwe yotetezera kuti isakhetse, ngakhale kulimbitsa mtunda pamalo kumathanso kuchitika mwangozi - pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, mitengo ndi zida zopangidwa ndi polymeric.
Komanso, zofunikira pa geoplastics pamapangidwe azikhala zothandiza: //diz-cafe.com/vopros-otvet/planirovka/geoplastika-v-landshaftnom-dizajne.html
Kusunga makoma opangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba ndi masitepe - njira zofala kwambiri zolimbikitsira ndi kufanana kwa malo otsetsereka m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe
Njira # 1 - miyala kapena mpanda wamiyala
Mpanda wopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri wopangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana umaletsa kuzungulira pamalo aliwonse otsetsereka. Miyala kapena zinthu zamatanda zimayikidwa panja pa malo otsetsereka, ndikutchinjiriza m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kugwiritsa ntchito simenti kapena kukonza pansi (kuyika pansi). Miyala yamiyala, miyala yamiyala, miyala yamiyala, zidutswa zamiyala zimakulungidwa ngati khoma, ndipo mbali zamatabwa zimayikidwa ndi makwerero kapena mpanda.
Mutu wake pankhaniyi: Kusunga makhoma m'malo: kuchokera “kuchokera pamiyala” bwanji?
Njira yachiwiri # - mawonekedwe a geotextiles
Malo otsetsereka ndi ovuta kulimbitsa mwachilengedwe, pobzala mitengo kapena udzu. Mwakutero, geotextile - nsalu yothina yopangidwa ndi ulusi wa polyester kapena polypropylene yomwe imasunga madzi ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, imapulumutsa. Chidutswa cha zinthuzo chimakokedwa pansi, chosanjika mbali zonse ndi nangula, kenako chokongoletsedwa. Kudzikongoletsa, mwala kapena matayala achilengedwe ndi oyenererana wina ndi mzake ndi maluwa obzalidwa panthaka yachonde.
Anchala momwe zigawo za geotextile zimachitikira ziyenera kuchotsedwa mutathithanso ndi dothi - zinthu zosasinthika ndizosavuta kuchotsa ngati pakufunika
Njira # 3 - ma geomat ndi ma biomat
Mitundu yonse iyi ya dothi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza malo owoneka bwino ndi otsetsereka mpaka 45% (mitundu ina ya ma geomat - mpaka 70%) mukadzala mbewu. Biomats amapangidwa kuchokera ku coconut kapena ulusi waudzu womwe umapangidwa ndi cellulosic wosanjikiza. Ma geomat ndi mautoto osiyanasiyana a polypropylene. Mizu ya mbewu siyimakhazikika nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba, zosunga poyambira zimayikidwa, ndipo mbewuzo zidabzalidwe kale.
Ma biomat ali ndi maubwino awiri: kubiriwira pamtunda kwa miyezi iwiri ndi kuphatikiza dothi chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa zinthu
Ma Geomats ndiwothandiza komanso sotsika mtengo pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kosavuta kuyika, kukhathamiritsa komanso kukhazikika
Zozungulira zimayikidwa ponseponse pamalo otsetsereka, chidutswa chilichonse chimakhazikitsidwa mozungulira mzere, ndipo udzu kapena maluwa zimabzalidwa. Kapangidwe kamakomedwe kofiyira kamathandiza kuti mbewu zizitha kuyenda ndikuyamba kumera, kenako ndikupanga kolala yolimba yokhala ndi chosakulitsa chosawoneka.
Njira # 4 - chitsanzo pang'onopang'ono chokhazikitsa geogrid
Kulimbitsa dera laling'ono kuli m'manja mwa wojambula wopanga ma novice, mwanjira ina, mwini wa nyumbayo. Ngati pali dambo laling'ono kapena dzenje lokhala ndi malo otsetsereka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito voluminous geogrid - kapangidwe kamakono ka matepi a polymer.
Kudzaza maselo a nthaka ndi dothi, mutha kukonzekera dothi labwino kwambiri kuti mubzale maluwa okhotakhota kapena kumanga maluwa, udzu wofunda, tchire yaying'ono
Ngati nyumba yakwanyumba kapena bafa lajambulika m'mphepete mwa thanthwe, ndiye kuti cholimbitsa bwino miyala ndi miyala ndi njira yabwino yopangira cholepheretsa kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa malo otsetsereka
Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira pamodzi zimafanana ndi gululi yokhala ndi maselo akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomanga: mwala wosweka, mchenga, konkriti kapena nthaka yopanda thanzi kuti mubzale.
Popeza mwalimbitsa mbali zonse ziwiri za phompho kudutsa nyumba yachilimwe, mutha kupanga mwala wamiyala kapena mwala wosadabwitsa wokhala ndi mitengo yodziyimira ndi mabedi a maluwa
Musanayambe kulimbitsa, ndikofunikira kukonza dothi: chotsani zazikuluzikulu, mulingo woyeserera dothi momwe mungathere. Pali njira ziwiri zoyikira geogrid: pa geotextiles kapena mwachindunji pansi. Poyambirira, geotextile imafalikira m'lifupi lonse la malo otsetsereka, omwe amakhala ngati chosunthira, kenako gululi imayikidwa pamwamba. Njira yachiwiri imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa gululi mwachindunji - pamalo oyeretsedwa.
Malo otsetsereka okhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala ina yoterera, yomwe imayamba kugwa chifukwa cha mphepo ndi mvula, imawonongedwa mwapadera.
Maselo a Geogrid akuyenera kukhala pamalo otsetsereka. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zakusankha kwazinthu: kothamanga potsetsereka, ndikazungulira lamba. Gawo lachiwongono limatambasulidwa mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikuikika mozungulira ndi kuzungulira ndi nangula kapena zikhomo zolinganizidwa bwino.
Pamiyala yaying'ono, makamaka m'malo ouma omwe madzi samafunikira, malo amodzi akwanira - palibe zinthu zina zofunika
Maselowo amakhala okutidwa ndi mchenga kapena dothi pansi pa thonje. Ngati mapulani akuphatikizapo kubzala maluwa, dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde ndikuthira manyowa.
Kudzaza kabati ndi dothi kapena mchenga, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto omanga, wilibala wamagalimoto kapena chidebe chokha
Iyi ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta kwambiri zolimbikitsira malo otsetsereka mdziko muno. Popeza mutatembenukira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi yokongoletsera, mutha kusintha malo otsetsereka wamba kukhala dimba lokongola - lokongola komanso loyambirira.
