- Tawonani: Heather
- Nthawi Y maluwa: Epulo, Meyi, Juni
- Kutalika: 0.3-1.5m
- Mtundu: Woyera, Wapinki, Wofiirira, Wofiyira, Wachikasu, Wofiirira
- Osayamba
- Nyengo
- Wamanyazi
- Kukonda
Ndizovuta kulingalira dera lokhalamo anthu wamba lopanda okhazikika nthawi zonse - peonies, maluwa, mapapa, dahlias, zokongoletsera zamaluwa ndi mabedi amaluwa ndi zotumphukira zawo nthawi yonse yotentha. Komabe, nthawi zina mu nyumba zanyengo zam'mphepete mwa mayendedwe apakati ndi kum'mwera mumatha kupeza shrub yokongola zachilendo zomwe zimakhala ngati duwa. Ichi ndi Rhododendron, mtengo wopatsa chidwi wa thermophilic. Sizovuta kupeza njira yofikira, koma kulima ndi kusamalira ma rhododendrons patapita nthawi kwa ena okonda mbewu zachilendo kumakula kukhala chosangalatsa - maluwa okongola awa ndi okongola komanso opangidwa bwino.
Mlendo mlendo kunyumba yanu
Monga mbewu zamaluwa zokongola kwambiri, rhododendron sichimapezeka kawirikawiri mumtchire yaku Russia, ndipo imakula kokha moyang'aniridwa ndi wamaluwa.
Mitundu yambiri imazika mizu ndikumverera kukhala yayikulu pokhazikika kum'mwera koteroko, kuti itha kukula mu Crimea, Krasnodar Territory kapena Stavropol Territory. Komabe, mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, Daursky kapena Canada, imakhazikika nyengo yabwino, kotero ngati mukukhala m'matawuni a Moscow, Urals kapena ngakhale kum'mwera kwa Siberian, rhododendron amathanso kukongoletsa nyumba yanu yotentha ndi maluwa ake okongola.
Kutanthauzira kwenikweni kuchokera ku Chilatini, "Rhododendron" amatanthauza "rosewood" - ndipo, mbewuyo imawoneka kwambiri ngati duwa m'mawonekedwe ake, ngakhale siyimanena rosacea, koma heather
Zachidziwikire, mumadziwa mtundu umodzi wa rhododendron - uwu ndi azalea odziwika bwino panyumba, omwe nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa pazenera za nyumba zamzinda. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa obiriwira komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mithunzi.
Ndizosatheka kulingalira momwe abale a chomera chaching'ono ichi amatha kukula mpaka 25-30 metres, ngakhale zili choncho ku Himalayas, Japan, North America, mitundu ina imakula mpaka kukula kwakukulu.
Palinso ma rhododendrons otsika, omwe ali zitsamba zosiyana kapena zitsamba zokwawa zomwe zimakhala momasuka kumapeto kwa mapiri komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Mitundu yamapiri ndi yaying'ono komanso yabwino pokonzekera masamba a Alpine. Mwachitsanzo, Kamchatka Rhododendron ndi wopanda ulemu, amakula mpaka masentimita 35 mpaka 40 ndipo ali ndi kuwala kwapinki
Pakati pazosasinthika ndi zakale (komanso pafupifupi 3,000), mutha kusankha mitundu yomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi oyenera kulimidwa kudera linalake.
Ngati mukufuna mthunzi wapadera - pabuka, utoto, woyera kapena wachikasu - izi sizingakhale vuto, chifukwa phale la utoto la mbewu lili pafupifupi malire. Chikhalidwe chamaluwa chimayamba kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikupitilira nyengo yotentha yonse.
Chifukwa cha phale lautoto wapamwamba, azaleas am'munda amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zamaluwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kukulira ku columbaria, minda yamiyala, mabedi a maluwa osanja
Kubzala Rhododendron: nthawi, nthaka, kuyatsa
Kutsatira malingaliro onse, kubzala kumachitika mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika, ndiye kuti mukukula kwakanthawi kokhako, kupatula maluwa ndi nthawi yochepa itatha maluwa - pafupifupi masiku 10. Komabe, alimi odziwa zamaluwa amaumirirabe kubzala kasupe, komwe kumapitiliza, kutengera dera, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi 10-15.
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidabzalidwa kale kuposa nthawi imeneyi zidakutidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wa tchuthi cha Meyi - kutengera masamba omwe adabisika kale komanso masamba amadyera atsopano, amawoneka odabwitsa.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira za maluwa otchedwa Rhododendrons ndi P.J. Mezitt ndi mbewu yobiriwira yomwe ili ndi masamba apinki ndi ofiirira. Maluwa ake amayambira zaka khumi zapitazi za Epulo - woyamba wa Meyi
Ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kubzala, chifukwa ngati kuwala kowala bwino chomera chimakhala chosamasuka, ndipo m'malo opanda khungu sichizipereka maluwa.
Ndikofunika kuthyola maluwa okhala ndi maodwe a Rhododendrons kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, pamalo ometa pang'ono, kotero kuti masana, pomwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kufikira mphamvu yayikulu, chomera chinali chotseka kwathunthu kwa iwo.
Osati kokha makoma a nyumbayo, komanso mpanda kapena mitengo yayitali itha kukhala chotchinga m'munda wamaluwa. Rhododendron imayenderana bwino ndi mitengo yomwe mizu yake imalowera mu dothi ndipo siyimasokoneza kukula kwa chomera - ndi mitengo italiitali, larch, spruce, ndi zipatso - ndi mapeyala kapena mitengo ya apulo
Maluwa sangathe kulekerera zamchere kapena nthaka yosalowerera - iyenera kukhala acidic, yokhala ndi humus, yotulutsa bwino, yopanda laimu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zokulira ndikuphatikizira peat ndi dongo.
Rhododendron yabzalidwa motere:
- kukumba mabowo, osaya (35-40 cm) ndipo mulifupi mokwanira (55-60 cm);
- gawo lam'munsi limakungidwa ndi dambo la miyala yamchenga (10-15 cm);
- Amakutidwa ndi msanganizo wa loam ndi peat (wokwera kapena sphagnum, wokhala ndi acidity yochepa), pomwe peat ikuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 2 nthawi;
- phatikizani dothi mkati mwa dzenjelo ndikupangapo dzenje kukula kwa bandeji ya dothi;
- tsitsani mizu ya mmera mu dzenje ndikudzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi khosi lomweli, zomwe pazotsatira ziyenera kukhala mulingo womwewo ndi nthaka;
- thirirani madziwo dothi ngati louma;
- kupanga mulching (akuya masentimita 5-7), omwe peat, moss, singano zowola, masamba ndi makungwa a oak opondaponda ndi abwino.
Pofuna kubzala bwino pang'onopang'ono malo atsopano, musanabzike, nyowetsani mizu ndi madzi - viyikeni mbandezo m'chichombo chamadzi mpaka ma thovu amtunduwo asaonekere padziko lapansi.
Njira yoyenera kubzala ya Rhododendron: 1 - nthaka yamunda; 2 - ngalande; 3 - dothi losakaniza peat, dongo kapena loam; 4 - wosanjikiza wa singano za paini
Pali chinyengo china chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mizu ipangidwe bwino. Chomera chodula, dulani masamba obiriwira kwambiri - motero mmera umawononga mphamvu zambiri pakuzika mizu. Kubzala ndi kusamaliranso ma rhododendrons ndi magawo ofunikira, mutatsata zomwe mudzapeza mukuchita bwino.
Kupanga kubzala chitsamba ndibwino kuchita masabata angapo - mutatha kuzika kwathunthu. Mutha kupatsa mbewuyo mawonekedwe ake, ndikukongoletsa maziko malinga ndi mawonekedwe a malo anu
Kusamalira maluwa
Malamulo osamalira bwino chitsamba chamaluwa samasiyana mulingo wovomerezeka: ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuthilira, kuthilira ndi kudulira nthawi, kudyetsa mbewuyo ndi mchere wabwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tizirombo sitikukula.
Pali zochenjera, mwachitsanzo, njira yofatsa mukamasula. Mizu ya mbewu ndiyandikira kwambiri kumtunda, choncho dothi liyenera kumasulidwa mosamala, ndipo kukumba sikuyenera kuchitika konse. Mukachotsa namsongole, musagwiritse ntchito chopukutira kapena mpeni wamunda, mutha kuchita pamanja.
Kutsirira boma ndi mawonekedwe
Chiwerengero cha rhododendron ku chinyezi ndichosangalatsa kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, sililekerera kuthirira kwamadzi, kumbali ina, kumafunikira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kuthilira ndi madzi okonzedwa mwapadera.
Ngakhale posankha malo okhalamo, fufuzani kuti muwone ngati pansi panthaka muli pafupi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka, mizu "imatsamwitsa" ndipo chomera chimafa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake madzi okwanira amafunika kukhetsa madzi ochulukirapo.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwona boma la kuthirira ndi kuthilira mumlengalenga pakupanga masamba ndi maluwa - ndibwino kuthirira, kowala kwambiri komanso ma inflorescence
Kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza madzi patsogolo - chifukwa, pakadutsa maola 12 mpaka 20, madzi ochepa a sphagnum peat amayikidwa mumtsuko ndi madzi. Ndikwabwino kusagwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi, nthawi yayitali, iyenera kutetezedwa. Zabwino - mvula. Kuthirira kwokhazikika kumatengera nyengo yamera: masamba atangotaya masamba awo ndikusintha tollor - ndi nthawi yamadzi.
Kodi kudulira mbewu
Lingaliro la kubzala ndilofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri chomera chimamera chimodzimodzi ndipo chimapanga chitsamba chamaluwa cholondola, kotero kuti okonda mabedi maluwa osafunikira safunikira kudulira. Koma nthawi zina muyenera kuwonda kuthengo, kuzipangitsa kuti zitsike pang'ono kapena kungodzikonzanso.
Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe, mpaka kutulutsa kwamayendedwe kumayamba. Sankhani nthambi zamtundu wolimba, zokuya ndi masentimita atatu, ndikadula malekezero ndi lumo m'munda ndikusintha magawo ndi varnish kapena utomoni wokonzekereratu. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, njira yosinthira iyambika, ikupitilira chaka chonse - mphukira zatsopano zidzabereka ndipo masamba ogona ayamba kukulira.
Kudulira masamba achisanu kapena achikale kumafunikira maluso apadera: nthambi zanthete ziyenera kudulidwa motalikirana ndi 35-40 masentimita kuchokera pansi mosiyana kwa zaka ziwiri: gawo chaka chino, chachiwiri - chotsatira
Rhododendrons amadziwika ndi maluwa osagwirizana. Ngati chaka chino ndakukondweretsani ndi mtundu wankhanza kwambiri ,yembekezerani zotsatila zambiri chaka chamawa. Kuti mupewe izi, masamba ophukira ayenera kuchotsedwa mutangotulutsa maluwa, kenako mbewuyo imakhala ndi mphamvu yopanga masamba ambiri momwe ingathere mchaka chachiwiri.
Kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo
Tchire tating'ono tokhala ndi masamba owonda ndipo masamba ambiri ndi malo abwino okhala tizilombo, theka lomwe lingathe kuwononga kukongola komwe mwakula m'masabata angapo, kotero njira zingapo ziyenera kuchitidwa kuteteza chitsamba.
Mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi zake ndi malo omwe amakonda kulumikizana. Ma slgs ndi nkhono zimakololedwa ndi dzanja. Chenjerani ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, nsikidzi, nthata za akangaude, ntchentche za rhododendron, mphutsi za mealy. Chiritsani zimayambira ndi nthambi ndi 8% ya Tiram "fungus," Karbofos amathandiza bwino.
Ndikosavuta kuchotsa nsikidzi, nkhupakupa, ndipo makamaka zofunda, kuchotsa komwe diazonin imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumbukirani kuti, kunena zabwino kwa alendo ovulaza kwamuyaya, simuyenera kungochulukitsa chomera chokha, komanso dothi lakumanzere
Pamodzi ndi tizirombo touluka, ma rhododendrons amawopsezedwa ndi matenda a mafangasi - dzimbiri, chlorosis, mawanga. Chomwe chagona pakuchepa kwa kugwirizira komanso kusagwirizana ndi boma lothirira. Yellowness chifukwa cha matenda a chlorosis amathandizidwa ndi yankho la chelate. Ngati zowola zawoneka, mphukira zomwe zakhudzidwazo zimayenera kudulidwa kwathunthu. Popewa, chithandizo chanthawi ndi madzimadzi a Bordeaux chikuchitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo.
Feteleza ndi kusankha feteleza
Ndikofunikira kuyamba kudyetsa ma rhododendrons kuchokera pakubzala komanso nthawi yonse ya maluwa. Kusunga acidic malo ofunikira pachikhalidwe, superphosphate, potaziyamu sodium, potaziyamu nitrate, magnesium sulfate kapena calcium, ammonium amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma pang'ono.
Kuvala koyambirira kwam'mawa kumapangidwa ndi feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni (40-50 g wa magnesium sulfate kapena ammonium pa 1 cubic mita yamadzi), imagwiranso ntchito nthawi ya maluwa. Mu Julayi, mlingo wa feteleza umayenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 20 g.
Kavalidwe kabwino pamwambapa wa rhododendrons ndi yankho lamadzi la feteleza zachilengedwe monga ufa wa nyanga kapena ndowe. Manyowa owotchera ndi madzi ndi gawo limodzi (gawo limodzi la feteleza mpaka magawo 15), limalimbikitsidwa masiku 3-4 ndikugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira
Zaka 1-2 mutabzala, ndikofunikira kukonzanso dothi lakumwamba. Kuti muchite izi, peat imasakanizidwa mofanana ndi humus kapena kompositi ndikuwaza pamalowo mozungulira mizu. Pamodzi ndi zosakaniza zachilengedwe, superphosphate, potaziyamu sodium kapena amoni zimawonjezeredwa pamabedi (zolimba - supuni 1 iliyonse). Monga ufa wouma, Agricola angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga maluwa m'munda. Kumbukirani kuti zitsamba zothiriridwa bwino zokha ndizofunika kuthira manyowa.
Njira zoberekera - zomwe angasankhe
Ganizirani njira zitatu zopambana kwambiri zofalitsira za Rhododendron m'minda:
- ndi mbewu;
- kudula;
- masanjidwe.
Kukula mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yovuta. Zouma, nthangala zathanzi zimafesedwa mumiphika kapena m'mabokosi okhala ndi peat yonyowa, onjezani mchenga, wokutira ndi kapu yagalasi ndikuyika malo abwino. Pakupita mwezi umodzi, ndikofunikira kumunyowetsa nthaka ndikuchotserera mawonekedwe kuchokera ku galasi.
Mbande zomwe zidawonekera patatha milungu 4 zibzalidwe munyengo yobiriwira ndi nyengo yozizira malinga ndi mtundu wa 2 x 3 cm.Mbewu zimamera nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo mukatha zaka 6 mpaka 7 mudzawona maluwa oyamba
Kufalikira kwa odulidwa sikulinso kutali ndi onse wamaluwa. Ndikofunikira kutenga mphukira zomwe zili za theka, ndikudula zidutswa zingapo kwa iwo za kutalika kwa 7-8 cm.
Masamba amachotsedwa pansi, ndipo kumapeto kumachotsedwa kumayikidwa mu chidebe ndi heteroauxin - chopatsa mphamvu, chomwe chimachitika kwa maola 12 mpaka 15
Kenako anaika peat dothi ndi yokutidwa, monga nkhani ya mbewu. Kutengera mitundu, kudula kumazika mizu 2-4, kenako ndikuziika mu mabokosi okhala ndi dothi la peat-cholimba ndikumapita kumalo abwino obiriwira. Kutentha kwambiri ndi 10ºС. Wobzala mu nthawi ya masika ndi maluwa ena, pomwe mumabokosi, ndipo pokhapokha zaka zingapo amatha kuziyika kuti zikulutsidwe.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira kubereka ndi kukhazikika pamiyala. Kuwombera kosinthika kumatengedwa, poyambira ndima 12-15 masentimita amatulutsidwa pafupi nawo, ndipo amayika njirayo.
Kuti asadzuke, gawo lapakati la tsinde limapanikizidwa, ndikuwazidwa ndi peat pamwamba. Mbali yakumwambayo iyenera kutulutsidwa ndikumangirizidwa - msomali wamatabwa womangidwa pansi
Matalikidwewo amasamalidwa chimodzimodzi ndi chitsamba chonse - amathiriridwa ndikuthiridwa. Ikakhala mizu (kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kapena masika), imasiyanitsidwa mosamala, kukunkhidwa ndikuikika ku malo ophuka mosalekeza. Njira iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri pofalitsa ma decoduous rhododendrons.
Ma sukulu otchuka kwambiri
M'munda wodziwika bwino wa Daursky Rhododendron 2-3 mita bwino. Amadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri omwe amafika pamtunda wa 4 cm.
Ngati nyengo yotentha ikokoloka, ndiye kuti mitundu ya Daursky idzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa obwereza, ndipo nthawi yozizira chomera chomera cholimba chidzaphuka mwachizolowezi
Adams Rhododendron ndi mlendo wozolowera kumiyala yamiyala yamapiri.
Chomera chokongola chokhala ndi maluwa opepuka a pinki chimakula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. M'dziko lathu ndizosowa, ndipo ku Buryatia amalembedwa mu Red Book
Pagombe lodzaza kwambiri la Caucasian rhododendron ndi malo omwe amapezeka mwala.
Ma inflorescence a Caucasian rhododendron amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe achilendo achikaso amtundu kapena kirimu, omwe amachepetsa modabwitsa mitundu yowala kwambiri yamitundu ina
Rhododendron waku Japan ndi wokongola modabwitsa wokhala ndi masamba a flamingo.
Ma Rhododendrons aku Japan omwe ali ndi maluwa odabwitsa komanso masamba owoneka bwino nthawi yophukira ndi onyentchera, owuma nthawi yachisanu komanso woweta bwino mwanjira iliyonse - njira yabwino yakukula pakatikati pa Russia
Ndipo pamapeto pake - kanema wachidule momwe mungakwaniritsire maluwa okongola a rhododendrons.
