Hatiora - woimira banja la cactus, ndi mbadwa yaku East Brazil. Ichi ndi chitsamba chaching'ono chosaposa masentimita 40, chokhoza kukula mpaka mita imodzi kuthengo kudziko lakwawo. Mbali yake ya kapangidwe kake ndikuti nthambi zimachoka pamwamba pa mphukira ndipo zimayalidwa mokuwa - gulu lofanana.
Dzinalo la Hator latengedwa kuchokera paupangiri wamasamu wa Chingerezi, Thomas Hariot, yemwe analemba mapu azithunzi za South America. Mpaka pano, mitundu ingapo ya mbewu imadziwika m'nyumba zamaluwa zamaluwa.
Kufotokozera
Hatiora ili ndi zithunzi zachilendo zakunja zosowa motere: zitha kukhala zolakwika kukhala chitsamba, chomera chamadzi komanso maluwa okongola okhala ndi maluwa owala. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi nthambi zopanda masamba, zozikika pang'ono kapena kungoganiza zolimba. Phula lopanda kanthu limadzasintha kukhala thunthu lolimba.
Kuperewera kwa chivundikiro chowoneka bwino sikongolipidwa ndi maluwa owoneka ngati utoto omwe amawoneka kutalika konse kwa tsinde ndi mitundu yake yokongola mosiyanasiyana: pinki-yofiirira, yachikasu, yofiyira.
Mwachilengedwe, cholengedwa chimatha kumera pakatikati pa mitengo (mitundu ya epiphytic) kapena kupangika m'miyala yamiyala (mitundu ya lithophytic). Kunyumba, zokometsera zake ndi duwa lokongoletsa lomwe lili ndi timinsalu tating'ono tating'ono tambiri.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu itatu yobereketsa ya Hatior yosinthidwa kuti ikulidwe m'nyumba.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Hathior Hermina (Hariota herminiae lat.) | Chitsa kapena chomera cha epiphytic chokhala ndi mphukira ya mawonekedwe owongoka kapena yopindika pang'ono ndi kutalika kosaposa masentimita 30. Mphukira yake yamkati ndi yopanda komanso yopyapyala, mphukira za cylindrical zimakhala pafupifupi 50 mm, ndipo masamba apamwamba a areola aphimbidwa ndi minga ndikabalalika paliponse kutalika kwake. Maluwawa amakhala autali mpaka masentimita atatu ndi utoto wowala wa lilac-pink. |
| Hachior Solicorn kapena Wopatsa Mchere (Hariota salicornioides Haw.) | Mawonekedwe abwino a mbewu. Anthu wamba ali ndi mayina ambiri omasulira: "mafupa ovina", "woledzera", "galasi wowombera" chifukwa chazovuta papangidwe kazomera. Mphukira imakhala ndi timagulu tating'ono (2-3 cm kutalika) tating'ono tating'ono ngati masentimita 0,5. Makulidwe ambewuyo amasweka pang'ono. Gawo loyamba lachitukuko, mphukira za tsinde zimakhala ndi malo owongoka, komabe, akamakula, adzafuna. Pang'onopang'ono muzuwo umayamba kukhazikika. Maluwa a Hatiora ooneka ngati solyanka amakhala ndi maluwa achikasu, a lalanje (0.3-1 cm). Nthawi yamaluwa imatha miyezi iwiri. |
| Hatiora pink (Hariota rosea Lat.) | Chitsamba chaching'ono cha magawo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi chiwalo chotalika 2.5 x 1 masentimita m'mphepete mwa masikelo ofiira. Nthambi zake zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda komanso mawonekedwe ake. Maluwa ndi ofiira apinki, akulu, opitilira 3.5 cm kutuluka pachimake ndi kumalumikizano, chimodzi mwazosiyana za katswiri wa Ripsalidopsis. |
Zinthu ndi malamulo osamalira
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira kunyumba kwaademora sikovuta. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwake ndi kukhalapo kwa malo okwanira mumphika kapena maluwa. Pamenepa, momwe mbewu imapangira, adzafunika malo ambiri.
Magawo omwe akukulidwa a cactus ndiwofewa komanso osalimba, omwe amafunikira chithandizo chowonjezera pakapita nthawi.
Malo ndi kuyatsa
Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, mbewuyo imafunikira malo ofunda, oyatsidwa bwino ndi mawindo oyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Hatiora salekerera dzuwa mwachindunji - izi zimakhudza kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Pazenera zotentha zakum'mwera, duwa liyenera kuti lidzasungidwe kutentha masana.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwabwino kwa onse kwa hator kumawerengedwa kuti kumachokera ku +17 mpaka + 23 ° C, mosasamala nthawi ya chaka. M'chilimwe, duwa limatha kusamutsidwira kumalo otseguka kapena khonde, ndikuyamba kuwateteza ku dzuwa.
Chinyezi Chinyezi
M'miyezi yotentha yotentha, wopeza amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Komabe, musananyowetse mbeuyo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lomwe lili mumphika wake ndi louma kuti lisawonongeke ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ndikofunika kuthirira m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo.
Madzi othirira - madzi ayenera kukhala otentha. Kudulira kwamaluwa kwakanthawi kwamaluwa ndi madzi opopera ndikololedwa.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira, maluwa a wolumirayo amalowetsa matalala - kuthilira pakadali pano amafunika zolimbitsa.
Dothi, kuvala pamwamba
Monga chomera chilichonse, wowongolera amafunikira zakudya zowonjezera komanso kukweza. Kukula kwake ndi kapangidwe kazosakaniza za feteleza zimatengera magawo a kukula kwa mbewuyo:
- Mu gawo la kukula ndi kuphukira, duwa limafunikira feteleza wokhazikitsidwa ndi nayitrogeni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi masiku khumi.
- Kwa nthawi ya maluwa, kuthira feteleza wa potaziyamu ndikofunikira.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu za banja la cactus zimavomera feteleza wachilengedwe, monga peat, kompositi, chakudya chamfupa, humus. Amagulidwa olemba "maluwa amkati" m'masitolo apadera.
Mizu ya Hachior, monga mabanja onse a cactus, samapangidwa bwino ndipo imafunikira dothi labwino pH losalowerera. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi ziyenera kuphatikizapo nthaka yosalala kapena mchenga wowonda, mchenga woonda, humus ndi makala ophwanyika (moyenera birch).
Thirani
Nthawi yoyenera kupitilira maluwa ndi maluwa athunthu, kusankha kumatengera kukula kwa mbewuyo yomwe. Achibwana achichepere amafesedwa pachaka kumayambiriro yophukira, atachotsa kale mizu ya dziko lakale.
Maluwa akale amawokeranso kamodzi pakatha zaka zisanu, amasankhira phula lalikulu, koma osati lakuya kwambiri. Kuyika koyenera moyenera kumavomerezedwa mosavuta ndi omwe amathandizira.
Maluwa
Duwa la Hatio limayamba kumapeto kwa kasupe ndipo limatha mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri kumamera mnyumba, kumafunikira kupangidwa kwa korona - izi zimachitika kuti zikongoletsedwe kwambiri.
Kuswana
Dokotalayo amafalikira pogwiritsa ntchito tsinde-kudula ndi kufesa mbewu.
- Kudula ndi njira yabwino. Mukasankha gawo laling'ono la tsinde, limadulidwa ndi mpeni, ndikumwaza kaboni yokhazikitsidwa pamalowo. Kusiya phesi kuti lipatsidwe chitsimikizo kwa masiku atatu, kenako limamizidwa mopanda dothi lonyowa.
- Kubelekedwa ndi mbewu ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imafunikira kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zizisungidwa ndi chidziwitso china.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chomera chopanda chisamaliro chabwino chitha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo monga:
- kangaude;
- mealybug;
- nyongolotsi;
- slugs;
- chishango chaching'ono;
- mizode nematode.
Nkhondo yolimbana nawo ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa adyo (20 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Kuchuluka chinyezi komanso osagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa boma kumabweretsa matenda oyamba ndi fungus:
- Makamaka owoneka.
- Youma kapena chonyowa zowola.
- Mochedwa.
Amalimbana nawo pochiza fungicides kapena kuwononga mbali zaudwala.
A Dachnik akuchenjeza: zovuta pazisamaliro za owateteza
Chomera cha Hatiora sichikhala chopindulitsa, koma nthawi zina pamakhala zovuta zina mukamakula:
- kukula bwino komanso / kapena kuchepa kwa masamba kumalumikizidwa ndi kutentha kochepa m'chipindamo kapena kusowa kwa michere;
- kufooka kwa masamba tugor ndi kuvunda kwa mizu - chizindikiro cha kusayenda kwa chinyezi kapena kuyanika kuchokera panthaka
- mawonekedwe a mawanga owala - mbewuyo idawonetsedwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa;
- kugwa kwa maluwa ndi masamba - zokongoletsa kapena kuyenda mwadzidzidzi kwa chomera.
Hatiora - "Misozi Amuna"
Kuphatikiza pa kukongola kwapadera, Hathior wapeza zizindikiro zambiri komanso zamatsenga zokhudzana ndi moyo waumwini wake kapena mbuye wake. Amakhulupirira kuti kusunga chomera kunyumba kwa mkazi kumatanthauza pasadakhale kuti atha kusungulumwa, popeza duwa silimavomereza kukhalapo kwa amuna.
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zosamvetsetseka, anthu amakhulupirira kuti wozunza ndi wowopsa kwambiri, ngakhale palibe umboni wa sayansi pazowonadi izi.
Kukula kwakutali, koma modzala mwadzidzidzi ndi masamba, kumayimira kukonzanso komanso chiyambi cha kusintha.
