Phytophthora ndi bowa wa parasitic omwe amachititsa tomato, mbatata ndi mbewu zina. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri popewera chitukuko cha vutoli ndilo kusankha mitundu yosagonjetsa matenda.
Matendawa amafalikira ndi spores, ndipo amakhudza danga pakati pa maselo, kuchititsa zipatso kuvunda, ndipo masamba ndi mphukira ziume. Mu nyengo yotentha, chiopsezo cha matenda a tomato chimawonjezeka.
Kutentha kwapamwamba, kutentha kwapamwamba, mpweya wakufa - malo abwino kuti kukula ndi chitukuko cha bowa zimatulutsa. Ngati matendawa ataliatali, idzawononga mbeu yonse.
Ngozi ya matenda
Kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali ndi matenda owopsa, chifukwa sangathe kudziwika panthawi yoyamba.. Mikangano sikuti imangokhalira kukhwima, koma imatha kusinthira ndi mankhwala. Spores kulekerera kuzizira pamene mukugona. Amakhala pa zomangidwe, zolemba.
Mu nthaka, pa garters kwa tomato, pa mbewu. Phytophthora kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko amawonetseredwa ndi mabala a bulauni pa zipatso, zimayambira ndi masamba. Ngati simukuchita chithandizo, masamba amayamba kuuma, ndipo chipatsocho n'chopunduka kwambiri, ndipo palivunda ndi fungo losasangalatsa.
Phytophthora ikhoza kuwononga mpaka 70 peresenti ya mbeu ya phwetekere. Nthaŵi zina, ngakhale zipatso zooneka ngati zathanzi zomwe zimatengedwa kucha zimayamba kuvunda m'malo osungirako.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa kwambiri kumafalikira kudutsa mbatata, choncho kubzala tomato pafupi ndi zomera za mbatata siletsedwa.
Tomato amatetezedwa ku matenda: choonadi kapena nthano?
Otsata akuyesetsa kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya tomato yogonjetsedwa ndi phytophthora, ndipo iwo apambana. Koma palibe mitundu yotere yomwe imatetezedwa ku matendawa. Mitengo yoyamba yakucha inagawidwa, yomwe imapereka mbewu mpaka vuto lochedwa likuyamba kukula.
Kuwonjezera apo phwetekere hybrids ali ndi chitetezo champhamvuomwe amathandiza chomera kuti asatenge phytophthora. Ganizirani za tomato zomwe zimakonda kwambiri wamaluwa m'dziko lathu.
Mitundu yayikulu-yobala zipatso
Ngati pali zikuluzikulu zazikulu pa tsambali, ndiye kuti akhoza kubzalidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya phwetekere ndi zipatso zazikulu. Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi cholinga chochepa kwambiri, pamene idya mwatsopano komanso yokonzekera juisi, masamba a tomato ndi sauces, siziyenera kulumikiza.
Tea inanyamuka
Wamtali, wobala zipatso omwe adzakongoletsa malo aliwonse. Chitsamba chikuwoneka ngati mpesa, pomwe nthambi za zipatso zimakonzedwa ngati mphesa. Khungu la phwetekere ndi lofewa, losalala, lofiira, lomwe limalepheretsa kugwedezeka.
Izi ndi zosiyana-siyana zosiyanasiyana, kulemera kwa phwetekere imodzi kumafika magalamu 400. imodzi shrub imapereka 6 kg ya zipatso. Ichi ndi chokoma kwambiri komanso chopatsa thanzi chimene amalimi ambiri amakonda.
Etoile
Kalasiyi ili cholinga cha kutseka. Tsinde ndi lianovid ndipo limatha kukula mosalekeza, koma obereketsa amalangiza kutsitsa nsonga pa mamita 1.5, ndikupanga chitsamba chopanda matanthwe atatu.
Ngati mupanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha zimayambira, zipatso zidzasweka, chifukwa sadzakhala ndi zakudya zokwanira. Phwetekere oyambirira, omwe ali ndi zipatso zowonongeka zomwe zimatchulidwa kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yayikulu-yofalikira, ndi teknoloji yabwino ya ulimi, kulemera kwake ndi 300 magalamu.
Esmira
Mitedza yayikulu ya pinki yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imatsuka kupereka zokolola zazikulu, pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a chitsamba mu thunthu 1. Zosangalatsa za phwetekere:
- chipatso - 300 g;
- mtundu - pinki;
- ovariya amapanga ngakhale pansi pa zovuta;
- kusunga zabwino ndi kayendedwe;
- kukana ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda.
Olima amaluwa amapanga 2 cuttings, koma izi sizikuwonjezera zokolola, ndipo zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera tomato.
Anniversary Tarasenko
Mitengo yapamwamba yopatsa zomera, yomwe imakhala yosangalatsa kwa wamaluwa ambiri, kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi mumatha kufika makilogalamu 15 a zipatso zokoma. Nyamayi imafuna garters ndi mapangidwe a chitsamba. Ngati malo okonzera wowonjezera amalola, mukhoza kupanga mpaka katatu.
1884
Chodabwitsa chachikulu cholembera zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Ndibwino, kulemera kwa phwetekere imodzi kumatha kufika 1 makilogalamu. Palibe zomera ziwiri zokha zomwe zimabzalidwa pamtunda umodzi wa malo otentha. Mitundu yaitali - mpaka mamita 2. Pamene sitima yopuma imakhala yokha yokhayoyi, yomwe imadalira zabwino komanso zothandizira, monga zipatso zimakhala zolemetsa kwambiri.
Zapakatikati zosiyana
Maonekedwe a chipatso mu mitundu iyi ndi yaing'ono, yomwe imalola kuti izigwiritsidwe ntchito osati mwatsopano, komanso kumalongeza. Izi ndi tomato zonse.
Gypsy
Zipatso zoyera zofiira ndi zokongoletsa zofiiriraodabwa ndi oyandikana nawo ndi alendo. Chikhalidwe chodziŵikiratu chimalingalira kulima mu greenhouses. Chomera chiri pakati pa nyengo, zokolola zimayamba kupereka masiku 95.
Chimodzimodzi
Zokoma, pakatikati, nyengo zosiyanasiyana za phwetekere. Zipatso ndizochepa ndi nsonga, nsalu yandiweyani komanso zabwino kwambiri.
Matimati wowonjezera kutentha kwa phwetekere, amafunika kupanga chitsamba ndi garters. Zokololazo ndizitali, zomwe zimapangitsa phwetekere kukhala zokongola kubzala pa dacha. Odyetsa anabweretsa mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa ndi kukana kwambiri kuwonongeka kochedwa, powdery mildew ndi matenda ena.
Frost
Wosakanizidwa wokongola womwe ukusowa maola 14 masana. Kalasiyi ikukonzekera kulima mu greenhouses. ngati chikhalidwe chibzalidwa pakati, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamalira kuunikira kwina, koma izi siziri mitundu yonse ya kulima. Mosiyana ndifunika kuzindikiritsa:
- Masiku makumi asanu musanadzalemo mu wowonjezera kutentha kumabereka mbewu;
- kubzala osalimba - 3 baka pa mita imodzi;
- kudyetsa masabata awiri;
- Kuti fomu yokolola ikhale yofulumira komanso yokolola muzitsamba ziwiri.
Kukoma kwa Moscow
Chokoma, phwetekere yololera, yomwe yakhala yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa, chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwakukulu. Zosiyanasiyana zimangoganizira za greenhouses. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka mamita 1.8 mu msinkhu. Chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera komanso kufuna njira yapadera yolima.
Chipatso cha mbewu si chachikulu, cholemera 180 g, chomwe chimalola kugwiritsa ntchito phwetekere m'nyengo yozizira. Mtundu wa phwetekere ndi wokongola kwambiri ndipo sizimveka bwino mikwingwirima. Amafuna garters ndi chitsamba mapangidwe. Odziŵa bwino alimi amalangiza kuchotsa masamba onse apansi, kuteteza matenda.
Silver fir
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zokongoletsera, monga zojambulazo, masamba owonda amakhala ndi chipika cha siliva. Zipatso zoyera zofiira mpaka lalanje, zowonongeka mopangidwa mawonekedwe. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndi chokoma, cholemera, chomwe chimakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito monga chakudya chosiyana, ndikukonzekera timadziti.
Kalasi yoyamba kucha kuchama mu greenhouses. Chitsamba ndi chokongola kwambiri, koma kumafuna chisamaliro choyenera - garter, pasynkovanie. Kulimbana ndi phytophthora.
Wamtali ndi wochepa
Tomato aang'ono amakhala okoma kwambiri, pamene ali ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi zakudya zambiri. Ganizirani mitundu yaikulu ya phwetekere ndi zipatso zazing'ono.
Pewani
Kuyambira kucha, zosiyanasiyana zochepa, chitsamba chochepa zokha 0.5 mamita wamtali. Masiku asanu ndi atatu okha akudutsa kuchokera kubzala mpaka zipatso zoyamba. Mmene chipatsocho chimapangidwira ndi nsonga yakuthwa, amawoneka bwino kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a zamzitini. Kulemera kwa phwetekere imodzi sikudutsa 60 magalamu. Chifukwa cha khungu lake lakuda, tomato amasungidwa bwino ndikusamutsidwa.
Mitengo yapamwamba yobala, yokhoza kupereka mbewu isanafike chisanu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta ku matenda a fungal.
Ngati wowonjezera kutentha kumalo otenthedwa, ndizotheka kukula mbewu ziwiri pa nyengo.
Sipangidwe mapangidwe a chitsamba, koma mazenera amafunika kuti zitsamba zisachoke ku kulemera kwa chipatso.
Mtsogoleri
Mitengo ya zitsamba zimakula pang'ono kuposa theka la mita. Kuphatikizana kwa phwetekere kumakuthandizani kuti mubzalidwe nthawi zambiri, pamene chitsamba chimodzi pa nyengo chimapereka makilogalamu 7 a mbewu. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zimamatira kuzungulira nthambi. Ichi ndi chomera chosakanizidwa, chotsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya matenda. chiwerengerocho chinadziwika ndi makhalidwe awa:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- chitetezo chabwino;
- osawopa kusintha kwa kutentha;
- Zimakula bwino pamabwalo ndi mawindo;
- ali ndi kukoma kokoma.
Chokhumudwitsa n'chakuti tomato samanama, mofulumira kumayamba kuwonongeka. Koma ngakhale ana amapanga kukonzekera ndi timadziti zopangidwa kuchokera mmenemo.
Schelkovsky oyambirira
Zozizira zoyambirira za phwetekere, zofiira, zipatso zazing'ono. Kuchokera kubzala mpaka kukolola koyamba kumatenga masiku 80 okha. Khalani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zowonjezera kutentha ndipo ili ndi ubwino wake:
- nyengo yochepa yokula;
- kukana phytophthora;
- chogwiritsidwa ntchito konsekonse;
- Zokolola ndizitali, ngakhale zitakula mu mphika wa maluwa pa khonde.
Kukaniza vuto lochedwa kwambiri ndi lokwezeka kwambiri moti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula ngakhale pansi pa zokutira filimu.
Ephemer
Katemera woyambirira ndi chitsamba - 70 cm. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono, ngakhale zofiira masekeli 60 g uliwonse. Zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizitali, kuchokera ku chitsamba mungathe kufika 6 kg za zipatso.
Tomato amasonkhanitsidwa mu maburashi, 8-10 zidutswa. Mafamu amakonda izi zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kuwonetsera kwake, kukhazikika kwa chipatso chotsitsa ndi kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Tomato ndi oyenera kulima mu greenhouses, ndipo wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kukhala ndi zokutira filimu. Pamwamba kutsutsa matenda a fungal.
Kutsiliza
Kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chiwonongeko chotheratu cha mbewu ya phwetekere, koma ndi chisankho choyenera chodzala, njira yoyenera ya ulimi, ndizotheka kupewa tsoka ili pa chiwembu chanu. Pamene mukukula tomato mu greenhouses, muyenera kutsatira malamulo awa:
- kuwuluka mobwerezabwereza;
- mankhwala ndi othandizira mankhwala;
- kusamalira bwino tomato;
- kuthirira kokha pazu.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti zomera zokha zomwe zidapititsa patsogolo zowonjezera zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
