Peyala yamaluwa ku Central Russia

M'modzi mwa oimira banja la Rosaceae ndi peyala. Mtengo wamitchi wamtchire umagawidwa ku kontinenti yonse ya Eurasia kuchokera kumadera akumwera mpaka 55-60 ° kumpoto. Agiriki akale adayamba kulima peyala ngati dimba la maluwa ku Europe. Ku Russia, a Josef Gertner, pulofesa wa botanyical ndi director of the Botanical Garden of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, adayamba ntchito yoweta zipatso kuti athandize kukoma kwa zipatso ndikukulitsa chisanu cha mapeyala m'zaka za zana la 18. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mitundu yamitengo yamitengo iyi yomwe idagwira bwino ntchito ku Central Russia.

Momwe mungasankhire kwambiri, ...

Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo yamapichesi. Kuchokera pamitundu iyi, ndikufuna kusankha zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zingasangalatse banja lonse ndi zokongola ndi zipatso zokoma. Kodi ndi ziti zomwe mungasankhe peyala yanu? Choyamba, pogwiritsa ntchito njira - akufuna kudzala mtengo wokongoletsera kapena zipatso pamalo awo.

Mapeyala okongoletsera

Minda yathu ndi ziwembu zathu sizokongoletsedwa ndi mapeyala okongoletsa, ngakhale mitengo iyi imawoneka yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakupanga mapaki ku Central Russia. Chitsanzo cha mitengo yokongoletsera imeneyi ndi peosestrife pe.

Pearl loosestrife

Mtengo wokongoletsera, mpaka kutalika mamita asanu ndi limodzi, umaonekera kutalika kwa msipu wina ndi korona wozungulira wowoneka ndi nthambi zotambalala zokhala ndi masamba ofunda. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, amawoneka wokongola kwambiri pazovala zoyera. Zipatso zake ndizochepa, zobiriwira. Samadyedwa. Mtengowu umakhala wopanda tanthauzo, umatha kumera ngakhale pamchenga kapena m'matawuni osakonda kwambiri mbewu, umakonda kuwala kwambiri, umapulumuka chilala mosavuta, koma sulekerera madzi osasunthika.

Pear loosestrife pa chithunzi

Peyala yamaluwa

Mitengo yazipatso yamtunduwu ku Central Russia imamera pang'ono kuposa mitengo ya maapulo. Mapeyala amalekerera kutentha pang'ono, koma mitundu yowonjezereka yozizira ndi kuphukira koyambirira kumalola kukolola munthawi yotentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yotentha.

Ndi mitundu yanji ya mapeyala osawopa chisanu

Zambiri pokana chisanu cha mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala pamafotokozedwe ake zimafotokozedwa m'mawu amodzi - apamwamba. Zocheperako pazomwe mtengo ungatenge popanda kuwonongeka ndi mauthenga: "pamlingo wakale wamitundu yamitundu ya Russia" kapena "pamlingo wa Bessemninka zosiyanasiyana". Kwa Olima: Mitengo ya peyala yakale yamitundu yaku Russia ndi Bessemyanka, makamaka, amalimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -38 ° C, maluwa awo - mpaka-34 ° C, ndi ovary - mpaka 2 ° C. Mukamayesa mitundu ya peyala kuti mulembetse boma, zizindikiritsozi zimagwira ntchito ngati muyezo. Mndandanda womwe uli pansipa ukuphatikiza mitundu yamapira yamakono, yomwe malinga ndi kukana chisanu mwina ikugwirizana ndi zomwe akutchulidwazi.

Mndandanda wa zazikulu za mitundu yozizira kwambiri

** Kopyetso ndi nthambi yotalika 8-10 cm, nthawi zonse yowongoka ndipo imakhala pakona yayikulu panthambi yayikulu. * Kolchatka ndi nthambi yaying'ono mpaka 6 cm. Ili ndi bulu limodzi lokhazikika bwino kumapeto.

Mitundu ina ya peyala yozizira kwambiri pachithunzichi

Mukamasankha peyala yoti mubzale, ndikofunikira kulingalira osati mawonekedwe amkhalidwe amalo omwe mtengo udalimo. Mawonekedwe a tsamba linalake atha kukhala ofunikanso: kodi pali malo okwanira obzala mtengo watsopano, malo omwe alipo kale, ndi zina zotero. Kupatula apo, mitengo ya peyala ndi yosiyana kwambiri osati kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kucha. Amasiyana kwambiri mu:

• kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu - kuyambira wamtali mpaka wamtali;
• mtundu wa korona - yotakata, yopapatiza kapena yotsika;
• mtundu wa mungu - mitengo imodzi kapena zingapo zofunika pamalowo kuti akololedwe;
• kukula kwa zipatso - zazikulu, zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono;
• kukoma kwa zipatso - zokoma, zotsekemera komanso zowawasa kapena zowopsa ndi zowawa.

Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutalika

Mapeyala osiyana kwambiri m'makhalidwe ena amaphatikizidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kutalika komwe mtengowo umafikira chaka chachhumi cha moyo.

Mitundu yayitali

Korona wamapira ataliatali amayamba kutalika kwa 1.5-1.8 m kuchokera pansi, ndipo kutalika kwa mtengowo kumayandikira mita sikisi. Ntchito zilizonse kuti aziwasamalira ndikututa ndizovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha malo omwe nthambizo zimatalika. Woimira mitengo yayitali ya zipatso atha kukhala peyala ya zokongola za Chernenko.

Kukongola Chernenko mu chithunzi

Pakalembedwe a State Commission of the Russian Federation kuti ayesetse ndikuteteza zomwe zakwaniritsidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Beauty Chernenko ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimbe ku Central Russia. Korona wopyapyala wa mtengo wolimba uwu ukukwera mpaka kutalika kwa 6. Amalekerera chisanu mpaka -25 ° C popanda mavuto. Kupanga kukongola kwa Beauty Chernenko ndikokhazikika ndipo kumakhala matani 12.7 pa hekitala iliyonse. Zipatso zokutidwa ndi khungu lowoneka ngati chikaso chokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira pafupifupi 200 g iliyonse. Khalidwe labwino la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukana kwa peyala kuphwanya.

Pazambiri zaulimi, nditha kuzindikira luso lopanga zowombera - ndikofunikira kuti mafupa - tsina kapena dulani malekezero a nthambi, ndipo mokakamira akufuna kuyang'ana - chifukwa cha mafupa abwino kwambiri, nthambi ziyenera kugwada.

Mdzukulu wa Michurin, Michurinsk

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Yapakatikati

Mumtengo wa peyala wopatsidwa gululi, mtunda kuchokera panthambi zapansi panthaka kuchoka pa 60 mpaka 150. Mapeyala amtunduwu amapezeka kwambiri nthawi zonse m'makomo a chilimwe komanso m'minda yamaluwa ya amateur wamaluwa. Kutalika kwa mitengo iyi sikupita mamita 5. Peyala ya mitundu ya Vidnaya imakweza nthambi za korona wopendekera-piramidi chimodzimodzi mpaka kutalika kumeneku.

Peyala Ikuwoneka m'chithunzichi

Kulawa kwanga kumakoma kwambiri popanda wowawasa. Ngakhale olimba ndi okhwima amatha kukoma. Mbali ina yamtunduwu imabala chipatso cha mphete (zomwe, mwa njira, zimasonyezedwanso pakufotokozera kwa VNIISPK). Mwina chitsa chimakhudza. Kapenanso gawo lina.

yri Trubchevsk, dera la Bryansk

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Peyala imeneyi imatha kupirira nthawi yozizira kwambiri mpaka -30 ° C. Mtengowu umakula mpaka 4 m wamtali. Mu korona yake yozungulira, zipatso za lalanje zachikasu zolemera 120 g iliyonse yakucha kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Kukonda kwa mapeyala amenewa ndi ometa ndi magawo 4.2. Zokolola zomwe zimapezeka zaka zingapo zoyesa pakati pa 12,2 t / ha.

Kulawa kwanga kumakoma kwambiri popanda wowawasa. Ngakhale olimba ndi okhwima omwe ali ndi kutsekemera kwatsopano. Mbali ina yamtunduwu imabala chipatso cha mphete (zomwe, mwa njira, zimasonyezedwanso pakufotokozera kwa VNIISPK). Mwina chitsa chimakhudza. Kapenanso gawo lina.

yri Trubchevsk, dera la Bryansk

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=9503

Kalulu

Kutalika kwa thunthu kumtunda wotsikira kwa mapeyala oterewa si kupitirira masentimita 40. Kutalika kwa mtengo wachikulire kumakhala pafupifupi mamita 3. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yotere imapezeka ndi kulumikiza mapeyala amtundu wina pa pulawo laling'ono. Koma pali mitundu yaying'ono yamtengowu. Peiz Chizhovskaya kwenikweni ndiye muzu, ndiye kuti, wakula kuchokera kumbewu kapena zodulidwa, osapezedwa mwa kumumeza pazomera zobiriwira.

Peiz zosiyanasiyana Chizhovskaya mu chithunzi

Korona wamafuta owoneka bwino kwambiri a peyala ya Chizhovskaya sakukwera kupitirira 2,5. Mtundu wobiriwira ndi kukoma kosangalatsa wowawasa, zipatso zolemera 100-120 g zipse kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Malinga ndi olima maluwa amateur, chaka chilichonse pafupifupi 50 makilogalamu a mapeyala amachokera ku chomera chimodzi cha peyala ya Chizhovskaya.

Pear Chizhovskaya anayamba kubala zipatso kwa zaka ziwiri mutabzala mmera, umabala zipatso chaka chilichonse. Amavutika chisanu nthawi yachisanu komanso chilala popanda zowoneka.

Vyachelav Samara

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Maonekedwe a korona

Maonekedwe a korona wamtsogolo akhoza kukhala mphindi yabwino posankha mitundu. Kupatula apo, dera lomwe limakhala ndi mizu ya mtengo limagwirizana kwathunthu ndi momwe korona wake amakhalira. Wamaluwa omwe alibe malo ambiri okulira mapeyala amatha kukhala bwino pamitengo yokhala ndi korona yopapatiza - piramidi yopapatiza.

Ngati pali malo oyenera aulere, ndiye kuti mutha kudzala mapeyala ndi chisoti chofiyira - chowongoka kapena chozungulira. Korona za mitengo yotere kale mchaka chodzala zimafunikira mapangidwe, kuti mtsogolo nthambi sizithothoka chifukwa cha kulemera kwa chipatso.

Ndipo malo ochepa kwambiri adzatengedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo wazipatso. Korona wa mitengo yotere safuna mapangidwe. Amachita zodzikongoletsera zoyera zokha kapena zochepa.

Pollinator yekha

Zomera zambiri za banja la Rosaceae zimafunika kupukutidwa kuti zibereke zipatso. Kupukutira pamtanda kumatchedwa kupukutira pomwe mungu wa mtundu womwewo, koma mosiyana, uyenera kugwera pamaluwa a mtengo wamtundu umodzi. Mapeyala ambiri amachita izi.

Mungu wochokera kumtengo umodzi kupita kumodzi umanyamulidwa ndi njuchi ndi tizilombo tina, koma nyengo ya Central Russia, nthawi zambiri nthawi yamaluwa, nyengo yozizira, yamvula kapena yamkuntho imatha kusokoneza mungu. Chifukwa cha zoyeserera za obereketsa, mitundu ya mitengo yamapira yaoneka kuti imangofunika mungu wawo wokha kuti ubereke zipatso. Mitundu yamapichesi yotereyi imatchedwa yodzilimbitsa kapena kudzipukuta. Mndandanda wa gulu ili la mitundu yomwe idasungidwa pansipa imaphatikizapo mitundu ya peyala yokha yomwe idalembedwa m'kaundula wa boma:

• Chizhovskaya;
  

  Zipatso za peyala zosiyanasiyana Chizhovskaya

• Mukukumbukira Yakovlev
  
  

  Zipatso za peyala zosiyanasiyana za Memory Yakovlev

• Rogneda;
  

  Nthambi ya Rogneda ndi zipatso za peyala

• Precocity kuchokera ku Michurinsk;
  

  Nthambi yokhala ndi zipatso za peyala yamtundu wa Skorospelka ku Michurinsk

• Wokondedwa wa Klapp;
  

  Zipatso za peyala zosiyanasiyana Lubimitsa Klappa

• Marble
  

  Nthambi ya marble yokhala ndi zipatso za peyala

• Basi Maria.
  

  Nthambi ndi zipatso za peyala zosiyanasiyana Just Maria

Peyala yayikulu kwambiri

Zipatso za peyala kukula kwake, komanso mogwirizana ndi kulemera kwake, zimatha kukhala zazikulu, zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono za peyala zimawonedwa ngati zaluso. Zitha kudyedwa mwatsopano, koma nthawi zambiri mapeyala amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera. Zipatso zazikulu ndi zapakatikati zimapangidwira tebulo (mowa watsopano) kapena ponseponse (kuti pakhale zakudya ndi kuzisunga).

Mapeyala akulu komanso apakatikati pa cholinga chawo ndi zipinda zodyeramo, ndiko kuti, kuti adyedwe mwatsopano, kapena ponseponse, ndiye, oyenera kudya mwatsopano ndikukonzedwa - kupanikizana, kupanikizana, kupanikizana, kutulutsa kunyumba, ndi zina. Gome likuwonetsa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mapeyala. Amakonzedwa kuti atsike zipatso zamtundu wazipatso.

Peyala ya zipatso za peyala

Pamene peyala ipsa

Pofotokozera za mawonekedwe a mitundu ya peyala m'boma ladziko akuwonetsa kucha kwa nthawi yakucha kwambiri mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Madeti enieni sangatchulidwe chifukwa zimatengera nyengo nyengo ino komanso kukula kwa peyala. Koma wamaluwa munjira zoyenera adakhazikitsa makondedwe a nthawi izi ndi madeti achindunji.

Peyala yakucha ya peyala

Ngakhale olima maluwa a novice ali ndi mwayi wopeza zipatso za zipatso zokoma za chinangwa ku Central Russia. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu yozizira safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ndi chisankho choyenera cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuyang'anira malamulo okula mapeyala, amapatsa mbewu yokhazikika pachaka.