Amaluwa ambiri amadabwa masiku angati kaloti amakula pambuyo pofesa ndi choti achite ngati iwo atagona kapena samadziwonetsa okha. Kuchokera m'nkhani ino, mudzaphunzira zambiri zokhudza kufesa kaloti, zomwe ndizo mavuto a mbande zopanda kanthu komanso zomwe zimakhudza ndondomeko ya kukula kaloti.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala kaloti
Poyambira, kodi ndi nthawi iti yofesa kaloti kuti ifulumire kuwuka? Pali njira zingapo zowzalitsira mbewu zowonongeka (subwinter seeding ndi kasupe kufesa). Komanso, nthawi ingasinthe malingana ndi kutuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Mwa njirayi, ndi mitundu yokha yomwe saopa nthaka yozizira ndi yoyenera (mwachitsanzo, "Winter Winter"), choncho mwamsanga mugwetsedwe mbeu ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yopanda chisanu kapena kukayikira. Kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, pambuyo poti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tayamba, kuti mbewu zisayambe kumera. Kufesa kuya - osaposa masentimita 4-5.
Mwamsanga pamene chisanu choyamba chimayamba, timafesa mbewu zouma m'nthaka ndi kuziwaza ndi nthaka yokonzeka yakuda kapena nthaka ina. Manyowa kapena kompositi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka kusakaniza kuti ikule kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera zazing'ono.
Nthawi yozizira imapachika: anyezi, adyo, beets, mbatata, udzu winawake, parsley.
Ngati chipale chofewa chikagwa, ndiye mutabzala mbeu pansi ndikutsanulira nthaka yachonde pamwamba pake amaika bulangete kuti ateteze mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kuthamanga mofulumira kaloti, mu chivundikiro chakumapeto mabedi ndi lutrasil kapena kutseka.
Kutentha kwapakati. Mbewu imafesedwa pamene chisanu chasungunuka, ndipo mbali yakumtunda ya nthaka ndi youma ndi yosasuka. Masiku angapo musanafese, yikani mabedi olimidwa ndi filimu (kuti muwonjezere kutentha nthaka). Mitsinje yabwino kwambiri yofesa mizu sizoposa 2 cm. Mosiyanitsa ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira, nthawi ya masika simuyenera kuopa kuundana kwa nthaka, ndipo zina zowonjezera nthaka zimachotsa mphamvu ku mphukira.
Pofuna kupanga mpweya wofunikako, ikani chophimba pa fosholo ndikuchikoka. Kotero mumakhala nthawi yochepa ndi khama. Musanabzala mbewu, tsitsani nyemba zambiri, tsanulirani nyembazo ndi kuziphimba ndi dothi ndi humus.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale pamalo pomwe mukufesa kuti mbewuzo zithandizane kwambiri ndi nthaka ndipo palibe mapepala a mpweya. Zochita zotere zimalimbikitsa kumera mofulumira.
Kenaka tsitsani bedi ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo. Mwamsanga pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera, chotsani filimuyo kuti musayambe kudyetsa zomera zazing'ono. Nthawi yomweyo yankhani funsoli, ndi masiku angati pamene mphukira yamera mutabzala. Ngati mwachita zonse molondola, ndiye kuti mukuwombera masiku 20-25, ngati kutentha kuli mkati mwa 5-8 ºС.
Palinso nthawi "yolepheretsa" kubzala, kenako si bwino kubzala mbewu. Choncho, chomera kaloti zikhoza kukhala patsogolo pa June 15, kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa isanayambe nyengo yozizira (kukolola mochedwa kaloti ikuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa October).
Nthawi ya kumera kwa karoti mbewu
Karoti mbewu zimayenera kuchokera sabata imodzi mpaka mwezi umodzi pa mphukira, kotero tiyeni tiyankhule za karoti yomwe imabwera nthawi yanji komanso zomwe zimadalira. Kuwombera kumadalira kutentha kwa nthaka ndi chilengedwe. Mbeu zabwino, mwatsopano, zowonongeka bwino zimayamba kumera kutentha kwa 4-6 ºС. Ngati mutatha kumera nyengo yozizira imasunga, mphukira siidzawonekera kale kuposa masabata atatu.
Ngati dzuwa likuwalira pabwalo, ndipo mumthunzi kutentha kukuyandikira 20-22 ° C, karoti idzawoneka masiku 7-9. Choncho, poyankha funsolo, masiku angapo mutabzala karoti, tikhoza kunena kuti mkati mwa mwezi umodzi, koma zonse zimadalira kukonzekera mbewu, nyengo ndi kutentha kwa nthaka, osati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena wosakanizidwa.
Ngati mbande zikuwonekera pa kutentha kwa + 6-8 ºС, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idzafa kuchokera ku hypothermia. Zikakhala kuti kaloti siimatuluka mwezi umodzi (+/- 3-4 masiku), ndi bwino kuganizira za kubzalanso mbewu zina, chifukwa mbewu zomwe zaikidwa pansi sizimera kapena zidyedwa ndi tizirombo. 
Bwanji sikumakula kaloti, nthawi zambiri zolakwitsa
Amaluwa ambiri amalakwitsa pamene akudzala mizu. Zimagwirizana ndi kumera kwa mbeu ya karoti, nthawi ndi malo obzala, komanso zotsatira za mbewu ya mbeu pa mbande.
Mukudziwa? Kaloti anayamba kukula ku Afghanistan, komwe kumakhala mizu yosiyana kwambiri.
Mtengo wobzala zakuthupi
Ubwino wa kubzala zakuthupi - chifukwa choyamba chosowa kumera kapena kusowa kwawo. Ndipo mu gawo ili mudzaphunzira momwe mungasankhire Mbewu zoyenera dera lanu:
- Mbewu yatsopano. Maulendo apamwamba a mbewu ndi zaka zisanu, koma chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha mbewu zowera zimakhala zochepa. Choncho, timalimbikitsa pogwiritsa ntchito zakuthupi zosakwana zaka zitatu. Zokongola - mbewu za chaka chatha.
- Maonekedwe ndi fungo. Kuyala zakuthupi zofunikira kumakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kuwala, chidzalo, zopanda makwinya kapena zopweteka zilizonse. Komanso, mbewu zatsopano zimakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu, chifukwa cha mafuta ochuluka kwambiri. Ngati fungo lavunda kapena fungo siliripo, sakana kugula ndi kubzala zinthu zoterezi. Tiyenera kunena kuti mbewu ziyenera kutsatizana ndi malo oyendera nyengo ndi dothi lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Chigawo cha nyengo. Ngati mudzafesa kubzala kaloti, ndiye panthawi yogula, yang'anani mosamala phukusi ndikupeza zambiri za nyengo yomwe izi ndi zowonjezereka ziyenera kukula. Kumbukirani kuti pali "mbewu" zosiyana siyana zomwe zidzakula bwino mu Siberia ndi Krasnodar. Gulani kokha mbewu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi nyengo yanu.
- Nthaka Kuwonjezera pa nyengo yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa, pamapangidwe a mbewu zomwe zagulidwa ziyenera kusonyezedwa dothi loyenera kukula mitundu. Choncho, ngati nkhani zoterezi sizipezeka, yang'anani magawowa pa intaneti kapena pemphani wogulitsa. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa nthaka ndi osankhidwa osiyanasiyana kungakhudze kwambiri mbande, ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewuzo.
Kuzama mozama
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za momwe tingaferekere kaloti, kotero kuti mwamsanga inanyamuka. Pamwamba pake kunanenedwa kuti kufesa podzimny kumafuna kuya kozama kwa kulowa, ndipo kasupe - mosiyana kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti mbeu yosachepera yokhala ndi masentimita 2, pamtunda ndi 4-5 cm (subwinter seeding).
Ngati mukufesa mbewu mpaka kuya kozama, akhoza kuwononga nkhono komanso osakwera; ngati mupita kukulu, sangakhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti ayambe kudutsa mu nthaka. Amaluwa ambiri, kuti karoti ifike mofulumira kwambiri, imbani izo mozama kupitirira 2 masentimita, koma tidzakuuzani zambiri za zovuta za njirayi ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika musanadzalemo.
Mukudziwa? Mu mankhwala owerengeka, karoti wakutchire amachotsa ma radioactive isotopes kuchokera mu thupi.
Ngati mwachita zonse bwino, komabe mulibe kaloti ndipo simukudziwa choti muchite, ndiye tiyeni tipitirire ku zolakwa zina.
Kusamalira bwino mbewu
Pambuyo kufesa, nkhaniyo imayenera kusamalidwa bwino, ndipo nthawi yowera imadalira. Choncho, chiyenera kuchitanji kuti karoti ikule mofulumira mutatha kufesa? Mwamsanga pamene chinthu chodzala chiri pansi, chimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Kuti mupeze mphukira mwamsanga, pezani chigawocho ndi zojambulajambula kapena zinthu zina zosafunika. Choyamba, mumateteza dothi kuti lisayese, kachiwiri, simungapatse namsongole mwayi "wothira" masamba, ndipo chachitatu, chitetezeni mbewu kuchokera ku chinyezi.
Mphukira yautali imagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti chikhalidwe choyamba chimamanga mbali yapansi pansi, ndipo pokhapokha amatumiza mphamvu zonse kumalo omwe ali pamwambapa. Kuti muthamangitse mbande, muyenera kusiya kuthirira. Ndiko kusowa kwa chinyezi chomwe chimayambitsa kaloti kuti ikulumire ndi kukhala ndi mbali yobiriwira. Choncho, sizingalimbikitsidwe kudyetsa nthaka sabata yoyamba mutabzala.
Zolakwitsa kawirikawiri pa kusamalira mbande zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa kupalira kwa mbeu komanso kuyeretsa mosakayika kwa kuphimba. Ngati simunapange filimuyi, ndiye kuti namsongole ayamba kuwoneka mofulumira kwambiri kusiyana ndi mphukira yoyamba.
Mbeu zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbewu zosiyanasiyana: kabichi, eggplants, leek, anyezi anyezi, anyezi, tsabola, radishes, radishes, mavwende, basil, parsley, letesi, sorelo, zukini, beets, sikwashi, nkhaka, tomato.
Choncho, muyenera kufufuza malo tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Kuphimba zinthu sikumalola namsongole kukula, koma zomwezo zidzachitika ndi mphukira zoyamba za kaloti. Pachifukwachi, nthawi zambiri muzitsimikizira filimuyo ndikuyang'ana kukhalapo kobiriwira.
Momwe mungabzalitsire kaloti kuti mwamsanga zikule, malangizo oti mupeze zokolola zambiri
Nthanda itangoyamba kugwa ndipo nsalu zoyamba zija zikuwonekera, tengani nyemba ndikuziyika mu thumba la nsalu. Pa malowa, chemba dzenje 20-25 masentimita, yikani thumba la mbewu apo ndikutsanulira malita angapo a madzi ofunda.
Kenaka, phimba dzenje ndi nthaka ndikuphimba ndi chisanu. Pakapita sabata ndi theka, kanizani thumba, sakanizani mbeu ndi mchenga waukulu ndikufesa. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mudzawona zomwe karoti imayambira ikuwoneka ngati sabata.
Mbeu zophimbidwa. Olima munda amadziwa kuti chikhalidwe chimafuna zakudya zambiri ndi ma microelements kuti ziwone msanga komanso kupanga bwino. Choncho, mbewu zophikidwa ndi chipolopolo cha zinthu zonse zofunika, zomwe mbewu ya karoti "imakulungidwa".
Mukamabzala mbewu zoterezi, mudzalandira ubwino wambiri panthaŵi imodzi: mphukira mwamsanga, chitetezo cha mbewu kuchokera ku tizirombo, kuyesa mbewu, "chida choyambira" kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino komanso gawo lina la pamwamba. Musawope kuti mankhwalawa adzalowedwa ndi zinthu zovulaza, mbewuzo zatha zonsezi asanayambe kukhazikitsa mizu.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungamerere karoti mbeu ndi kupeza mbande mwamsanga. Musakane zolemba ndi zina feteleza, monga njira izi zoonjezera zokolola zakhala zikudziwonetsera okha. Gwiritsani ntchito malangizo athu, ndipo mudzapambana.
