Momwe mungakulitsire mabulidwe am'munda m'munda, kubereka m'njira zosiyanasiyana

Kuthengo, mabulosi amtunduwu amagawidwa kwambiri m'nkhalango za Europe, Russia komanso kumpoto kwa Central Asia. Anthu akutola zipatso, koma iyi ndi bizinesi yolimba komanso yosakwanira. Mutha kuyesa kumera m'munda wanu wonse.

Ma Blueberries m'munda

Ziphuphu zobiriwira sizachilendo. Choyamba, kuti aulime amafunika dothi lapadera, osati konse lomwe ndi loyenera mbewu zambiri m'munda. Kachiwiri, zokolola ku dera lililonse sizabwino kwambiri. Omwe alimi ambiri ali ndi ziwembu zazing'ono, ndipo si aliyense amene amasankha kukhala pamtunda wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha ma kilogalamu angapo a mabuliberiya. Koma zipatsozo mwadzala, ndipo zopambana mwapeza kale. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro choyenera, imapereka zokolola zambiri kuposa zakuthengo.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, ma buluu m'mundamo amatulutsa zokolola zabwino

Kufalitsa kwa Blueberry

Mukamayesa kugula mbande za mabulosi mu nazale, pakhoza kukhala kusamvana. Zowonadi zake ndi chakuti ku USA ndi Canada abale athu apafupi ndi nkhalango yathu (Vaccinium myrtillus) amakula - mabatani ang'onoang'ono (Vaccinium angustifolium) ndi Canadaebeberries (Vaccinium myrtilloides). Bulosi wobiriwira ndi mbewu yayitali (mpaka 3 m), imabala zipatso zambiri kuposa mabulosi wamba. Zipatso za Blueberry ndizopepuka, monga dzinali limanenera, zonenepa pang'ono komanso sizimasiya malo amdima, ngati ma buluu.

Chifukwa chake, kuti muthe kupeza mitengo wamba yamapulogalamu, muyenera kuyang'ana kubzala osati m'malo odyera, koma m'nkhalango. Ma Blueberries amafalitsidwa motere:

• tchire lonse lomwe anakumba ndi mizu;
• tchire ndi mizu yogawanika kukhala mphukira;
• mbewu.

Mbewu

Izi zikuwononga nthawi komanso zaka zambiri. Papita zaka zitatu kuchokera pakumera kwa mbewu ndikututa koyamba.

1. Zipatso zakupsa zimaphwanyidwa mumbale mpaka mbatata zosenda bwino. Thirani madzi, sakanizani. Mbewu zopanda kanthu zimayandama, zimachotsedwa. Mimbayo imatsukidwa nthawi zambiri mpaka mbewu zonse zitatsala. Amalemera kuposa madzi ndipo amakhala pansi.
   

   Kukonzekera nthangala za mabulosi abulu, zipatso zosankhidwa zimasankhidwa, zomwe ziyenera kuphwanyidwa
2. Mbewu zingabzalidwe mukangoyanika.
3. Monga gawo lapansi, dothi lamtchire limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kumalo omwe kumera kumera. Mutha kukonzekera kusakaniza nokha kuchokera kumitundu yolingana ndi mchenga, peat, singano zowola kapena zodulidwa.
4. Stratifying (tempering at ochepa kutentha) mabulosi abulu sizimveka. Ntchito imeneyi imawonjezera chisanu cha mbewu zomwe zimakonda kutentha. Koma ma buluguwa amamera ngakhale kumalire am'mwera kwa Arctic Circle, kotero palibe chifukwa chowonjezera.
5. Mbewu zimabzalidwa mozama mpaka 0,5-1 masentimita, ophimbidwa ndi kanema kapena galasi kuti apange mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso wosungidwa kutentha.
6. Kuwombera kumawonekera masiku 21-30. Izi zisanachitike, mutha kusunga mbande pamalo amdima, koma mukangomera utamera koyamba, kuwala kumafunika, apo ayi mbewuzo zimatambasuka msanga ndikuyera.
   

   Pakaphuka mabulosi abulu, chotengera chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalo owala

7. Tsiku lililonse, mabokosi amakhala osakhazikika, ophatikizidwa, ndipo pamene dothi lokwera limawuma, limanyowa pang'ono.
8. M'nyengo yozizira, mbande zimasungidwa pakuwala pa kutentha kwa 5-10^zaC.
9. Chapakatikati, mbande zimakhwimira m'modzi mumtsuko wina ndi malita 0,5-0.7. Mumaphika awa amadzalanso chaka china, ndipo kasupe wotsatira amabzalidwa m'malo osatha.

Zitsamba ndi mphukira

Kulekanitsa tchire, mphukira ndi masamba 5-7 ndi mizu yolukitsidwa bwino imasankhidwa. Komanso, pofika nthawi yophukira, mutha kupeza mphukira yodziyimira ngati mu April mukakanikiza nthambi pansi ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Pamalo awa, mizu imapanga kugwa, ndipo mphukira imatha kudulika ndikuyika.

Ntchito yodzala chitsamba:

1. Chitsamba chowoneka ngati zaka 2-3 chimakumbidwa m'nkhalango kapena mu nazale, makamaka ndi dothi lalikulu lapansi. Kuika sikuyenera kuchedwa. Chomera chofulumira chomwe chimakhala ndi mizu yotseguka chimasunthira kumalo ndi kosavuta, chimayamba mosavuta mizu. Mizu yanu ilibe nthawi yakufa, ndipo poyamba chifukwa cha dothi lonyowa mbewuzo sizimera zokha. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitsamba chimasungidwa pamthunzi komanso kuzizira, kuphimba mizu kuchokera pakuwala ndi nsalu yonyansa yopangidwa ndi nsalu zachilengedwe.
2. Pamalo omwe amafikira, dzenje limapangidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mizu. Amabzala ngati mbande zonse - kuwongola mizu, kuvala mulu wa dothi lotayirira lokonzedwa mdzenje, ndikudzaza mizu ndi dothi kuti pasakhale ma voids, osagwirizana bwino, okhetsedwa bwino.
3. Kuchekera ndi mphukira kumachitika chimodzimodzi, kusiyana kokhako ndikuti mphukirawo ndi yaying'ono kuposa chitsamba ndipo maenje amapangidwa ang'ono.
4. Mutabzala, malo omwe ali pansi pa mabulangete amayenera kuumbika, makamaka ndi mulch ya m'nkhalangoyi kuchokera kumadera omwe mabulosiwe amakula bwino. Awa ndi masamba atsopano komanso owola, masingano, okhala ndi matope otayirira. Blueberries anabzala kumapeto kwa Okutobala - koyambirira kwa Novembala, ndipo mulching sangateteze nthaka kuti isayime chilimwe, kupereka zovala zapamwamba kwa zaka zikubwerazi, komanso kuteteza mizu yomwe sinakhale yolimbikitsidwa kuyambira nthawi yozizira.
   

   Pakubzala m'mundamo, zitsamba za msipu wazaka 2-3 zomwe zakumbidwa m'nkhalangoyi ndizoyenera

Kusamalira Blueberry

Ma Blueberries amakula bwino pakufalikira konsekonse kwathu, chifukwa kulibe kusiyana kwapadera pakulima, mwachitsanzo, m'maboma ozizira a Moscow ndi Ukraine. Kusiyanaku kungakhale pokhapokha pakucha (kum'mwera, zipatso zoyambirira zipse kale) komanso zokhudzana ndi kubzala (m'dzinja lozunguliridwa m'dzinja limabzala isanayambike chisanu chokhazikika).

Dothi

Dothi lachilengedwe lotumbululuka limakhala lotayirira, lopumira lamchenga lamtchire lokhala ndi masamba ambiri okhala ndi masamba obalidwa ndi singano. Pafupifupi sauma konse ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala yonyowa chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa nkhalango ndi mulch wosanjikiza. Blueberries ndi mbewu yomwe imafunikira nthaka yachilengedwe yokhala ndi pH ya 4-5.5. M'malo ochepera asidi, mmera umayamba chlorosis.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ma buliberries, monga oimira ambiri a heather, amatha kumangokhala pang'onopang'ono ndi fungus. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mycelium tidzafesedwa munthaka limodzi ndi dothi pamizu ya mbewu.

Mutha kupanga malo oyambitsa mabulogu Choyamba, pamtunda wonse wochotsa udzu, masamba a humus kapena sphagnum peat imabalalika mu malita 12-15 pa mita imodzi². Kenako kukumba maenje akufika ndi mulifupi ndi 30 x 30 cm. nthaka yakuumbidwamo poyerekeza 1: 1 imaphatikizidwa ndi humus kapena peat. Mukabzala izi, mizu ya mbewu imaphimbidwa.

Ngati dothi limakhala louma, lamphamvu, mchenga wam'mitsinje umawonjezeredwa kunthaka komanso zinthu zina. 50-70 g ya mafupa ufa amathakonkhedwa mu dothi lonyowa komanso lopanda chonde paliponse. Chovala ichi chapamwamba chimatha kulowedwa ndi ammonium sulfate, chomwe chimamwazikana mutabzala (15 g pa 1 m2).

Leafy ndi masamba aliwonse a humus ali ndi acidic mwachilengedwe. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus ina iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, ku manyowa, utuchi. Ngati mulibe chitsimikizo cha dothi lokonzekera, mutha kunyowetsa malowa ndi yankho la citric acid pa 1 tsp. pa 10 l madzi. Zimawonjezeranso acidity ya wolapira sulufule pamlingo wa 50-60 g pa 1 mita².

Dothi loyenererana bwino kwambiri limafanana ndi lomwe limamera m'nkhalangomo.

Malo

Kuthengo, nkhwangwa zimawoneka kuti sizikonda dzuwa. Koma zokumana nazo zomwe zidakula zidatsimikizira kuti pakuwala kokwanira, imabala zipatso zabwinoko, zipatso zambiri, ndizokulirapo komanso zowala. Komabe, ma buliberries ndizovomerezeka pamthunzi. Osabzale pamoto wotheratu, mwachitsanzo, m'malo otsetsereka osagwedezeka pang'ono, komwe kungatenthe. Ndipo mutha kubzala mumthunzi wocheperako, momwe nthawi yotentha dzuwa limachitikira, koma osati tsiku lathunthu, kapena mumthunzi wokhazikika pamiyala yocheperako pang'ono patali patchire ndi mitengo.

Ndi zowunikira zabwino, koma osati zochulukirapo, ma buluu amabala zipatso bwino

Kuthirira, kupalira, mulching

Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi chokwanira m'nthawi yonse yotentha. Ngakhale mulch wokwanira wokwanira udzaithetsa vutoli pafupifupi kwathunthu. Pansi pake, dothi silimauma, ndipo kuthirira kumangoyenera nthawi yayitali.

Kupalira kumafunikiranso. Ma Blueberries alibe mizu yamphamvu kwambiri. Udzu wambiri m'munda ungapangitse mpikisano wamphamvu kwa iye ndipo mwina umatha kukula. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida, kudulira ndikofunikira musanalowe mu mulch, ndipo pambuyo pake mulching wosanjikiza pansi pa tchire sangalole namsongole yaying'ono kuti idutse, ndipo zazikuluzikulu zimatha kuchotsedwa pamanja.

Popita nthawi, mulch rots, ndipo muyenera kuwonjezera mwatsopano ngati pakufunika. Lisanazizire, mumafunikiranso mulch watsopano, womwe ungateteze mizu kuti isazizire.

Mulch wowola amakhala ngati gwero la chakudya chamagulu, chifukwa chake sichifunika chovala chapamwamba chowonjezera. Komanso, feteleza wa michere amatha kuvulaza mbewuyo. Mwachitsanzo, ubwamuna wa nayitrogeni upangitsa kuti kuphulika kwa msipu wobiriwira, kusokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya, ndikuwonjezera zipatso.

Kudulira tchire

Palibe mgwirizano pa kudulira kwa zitsamba za mitengo ya mabulosi. Omwe alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti simuyenera kukhudza ma buliberries konse ndipo iyenera kumakula yokha, monga momwe akufunira. Ena amati kudulira pambuyo pa zaka 3 zakula ndiye maziko a mbewu yayitali komanso yabwino.

Mutha kuyima pamalo agolide. Zofunika:

• kudulira mwaukhondo (chotsani nthambi zonse zodwala ndi zofooka);
• kudulira (chotsani gawo lina la nthambi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona kuti ziunikire mkati mwa chitsamba);
• odulira okalamba (womwe umachitika pamtchire zaka zopitilira 5. Dulani nthambi zakale, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano).

Kanema: Kukula kwa mabulosi m'munda

Ndemanga

Ndikofunika kubzala mabulosi abulu mu Okutobala. Zingakhale bwino ngati mutabzala tchire zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Mabasi okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu amatha kutengedwera m'nkhalangomo ndikuyika kumtunda. Ndipo ife, tsoka, tiribe mitundu yabwino, popeza obereketsa athu sanayambebe kukula.

mtengo

//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/

Ndidayesa kubzala mabulosi abuluu. Saplings ayenera kugulidwa mu malo ogulitsira kapena nazale, nkhalango pamalopo sichingakule. Onetsetsani kuti mwapanga dothi lokhazikika: onjezerani chilichonse m'dzenje - peat, masamba kucha. Malowa ayenera kukhala omasulidwa ndipo nthawi zonse pansi pa korona zamitengo. Tsopano pakugulitsidwa pali china chofanana ndi kabuluu wokhala ndi malongosoledwe amtundu wa buluu, pali mosemphanitsa.

Elena Kulagina

//www.agroxxi.ru/forum/topic/210-handbook/

Zaka zinayi zapitazo, adadzala zitsamba zingapo za buluu pabedi lokonzekera. Mu Ogasiti adapanga nthaka ya bedi yokhazikitsidwa ndi peat yosakanikirana ndi mchenga, utuchi, ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa sulufu (kotala la supuni). Mabasi omwe ali pamtunda wamtunda kwambiri kwa malowa. Wobzala m'mizere iwiri pamtunda wa 40 cm, ndikuthira kuchepetsedwa wa citric acid m'madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10. Zipatso zoyambirira zidawonekera chaka chino chokha.

matros2012

//forum.rmnt.ru/threads/chernika.92887/

Ndi ma buluku olima m'mundawo palibe zovuta ndi zovuta zapadera, kupatula dothi. Akapangidwa bwino kapena kutulutsidwa m'nthaka m'nthaka, tchire limamera ndipo limabala zipatso. Zowona, mabuliberi ndi ochepa chifukwa cha kukula kwa zipatsozo.