Biringanya ndi za Solanaceae ya banja. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa micronutrients zopindulitsa ndi mavitamini ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za zakudya zoyenera. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anali kulima ku Southeast Asia, chotero amakonda malo otentha komanso otentha. M'madera ena, zimakula, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kubzala kumapangidwa ndi mmera.
Kusamalira eggplants kumafuna khama lapadera ndi chidwi, zimayesedwa ngati zomera zosangalatsa, ndipo sizili zophweka kwa woyang'anira minda kuti azilimbana ndi kulima kwawo. Nyongolotsi zambiri sizitha kudya zomera ndikuwononga mbewu. Ndikofunikira akhoza kuzindikira tizilombo nthawi ndikutenga zowononga.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale, biringanya inkatengedwa ngati mankhwala owopsa chifukwa cha kulawa kowawa. Anapangidwa kukhala ufa ndipo akanakhoza kuwaza pa adani odedwa.
Timalimbana ndi kangaude
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Solanaceae ndi kangaude wa kangaude. Sungakhoze kuwonedwa ndi maso.ndipo zotsatira za kukhalapo kwake zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo - nkhupakupa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kumangiriza pansi pamunsi mwa tsamba ndi kakompyuta kakang'ono (kumawoneka ngati "kujambula kwa marble"), nkhumba imayipyoza ndikudyetsa madzi opatsa moyo. Chitsamba cha chomeracho chikuwoneka ngati chimayikidwa nthawi zonse (maenje ambiri amawonekera pa masamba ndi thunthu).
Ngati simuganizira nthawiyo, ndiye kuti thunthu liri ndi mawanga, ndipo masamba apopedwe mu chubu. Ntchito yobereka ya nthata zamakono ndizowona kwambiri, mbadwo watsopano umawonekera milungu iwiri iliyonse. Ngati mwamsanga mwayankha ku tizilomboti, mukhoza kutaya mbeu yonse.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuphatikizapo insecticaroicaricides ndi acaricides. Kuwongolera malangizo, njira yothetsera imakonzekera kukonzekera, yomwe imapulitsidwa ndi zomera. Nyumba zotere zimatenthedwa ndi mankhwala oyaka. Pakati pa chomeracho amachizidwa ndi nthaka.
Njirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha, komanso poziphatikiza.
Mukudziwa? Kwa omwe akuyesera kuti asiye kusuta, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi biringanya mu chakudya chanu cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Lili ndi vitamini PP ndipo limachepetsa kufunikira kwa chikonga.Njira zamoyo zimayendera tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude ndipo zimakhala zotetezeka kwa zolengedwa zina. Iwo amagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: Matenda a m'magazi (zakudya zopatsa thanzi), omwe amadya nthata zamasamba ndipo samawononga chomera. M'kanthawi kochepa amatha kuwononga zigawo zazikulu za tizilombo. Zitha kugulidwa kumalo osungiramo malo kapena malo ogulitsa. Zamagetsi zotsutsana ndi nkhupakupa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira. Iwo ankawaza zomera.
Njira zamagetsi zimapangitsa malo osokonezeka kuti akhalepo: kuonjezera kutentha kwa mpweya ndikuwonjezera ulimi wothirira; anabzala zomera zomwe zimawopsya nkhumba; kuwononga namsongole; Sungani nthaka.
Pali mankhwala ambiri owerengeka. kukamenyana ndi kuopseza akangaude, koma si onse omwe ali othandiza. Manyowa ndi mazira omwe amamera mbande amakhala opangidwa ndi iwo. Mukangozindikira kuti tizilombo tawoneka m'mabotolo anu ngati mawonekedwe a kangaude, yambani kumenyana nawo. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo, chotsani ndi kutentha namsongole.
Zina zomwe zingabzalidwe ndi eggplants: katsabola, basil, nyemba, zukini, chimanga, tsabola, nkhaka, anyezi, radishes, tomato.
Mphukira yowonongeka ndi masamba amayeneranso kuchotsedwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Sankhani njira yoyenera ndikupita ku chiwonongeko cha tizilombo. Pakapita masiku angapo, yang'anani mbande ndikuonetsetsa kuti chida chomwe mwasankha chathandiza. Ngati mphutsi kapena zizindikiro zatsopano zikuwonekera kachiwiri, zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala osankhidwawo sagwira ntchito, ndipo ayenera kutsatiridwa ndi mitundu ina yakumenyana. Kuti achotse tizilomboti, chithandizocho chikuchitika mobwerezabwereza. Ndipo chitatha chiwonongeko chonse, yang'anani maonekedwe a mbande ndikupanga prophylaxis kuti muteteze zatsopano. Kupewa kumaphatikizapo njira zamakono za tizilombo.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimawongolera
Nsabwe za m'masamba, monga tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude, zimayamwa kuyamwa kwa zomera. Ngakhale kunja kumawoneka kosavulaza, kungawononge kwambiri mbewu. Moyo wake umachitika pa masamba, phesi ndi maluwa. Nsabwe za m'masamba sizimadyetsa zipatso, koma ndizozirombo zoopsa kwambiri pa mbande za biringanya. Ziphuphu za zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zowonongeka ndi zowuma. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumachitika chifukwa cha poizoni kuti tizilombo timatulutsa tikamamwa madzi opatsa moyo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timaphimba masamba a papay (kutuluka kwa shuga), komwe kuli malo abwino kwambiri a soot bowa. Komanso aphid imanyamula mabakiteriya onse.
Mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimachepetsa kukula kwawo; Zitha kuwononga kubzala konse kwa mbande. Ndikofunikira kuthetsa tizilombo totere, chifukwa, pokhala ndi chodzala chimodzi, aphid ikhoza kubisala ndikuwonekera pakapita nyengo.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso za biringanya, zomwe zinapangidwa pakugonjetsedwa kwa nsabwe za m'masamba, zimakula zochepa komanso siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amamva chisoni kwambiri.
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba iyenera kukhala yovuta, mwinamwake chiwonongeko chingakhale chopanda ntchito. Yambani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amawoneka ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha msanga. Zinthu zoterozo sizingathera ndipo sumazipeza muzomera. Mankhwalawa ndi awa: Karbofos, Aktellik, Detsis Profi, Aktara. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa mumatsatira malangizo, aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chitsanzo chake. Onetsetsani chitetezo chaumwini, khungu ndi mucous nembanemba ndi zowononga mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi, mapiritsi kapena maski. Gwiritsani ntchito poizoni kumakhala nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwalawa samasamalidwe ndi mankhwala panthawi ya maluwa ndi fruiting.
Mankhwala amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kugonjetsedwa kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kunachitika panthawi ya maluwa kapena fruiting. Njira zingapo zolimbana:
- Mu chidebe cha lita khumi, sakanizani nsonga za mbatata, phwetekere, celandine, adyo ndi kabak mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1, 1 chikho chimodzi cha sopo madzi ndi 400 g wa phulusa la matabwa. Zosakaniza zonsezi ndi kuchoka m'malo amdima kwa masiku atatu. Muziganiza nthawi ndi nthawi. Pewani kusakaniza, gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi pa sabata.
- Mu chidebe cha 10-lita, sakanizani 50 g wa tsabola wa chilisi ndi 50 g wa phulusa mumadzi otentha. Pitirizani kwa masiku 2-3, ndiyeno yonjezerani sopo supuni 3 ndi 200 g wa phulusa. Pambuyo kusinthasintha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi mu masabata awiri.
- Wiritsani nkhuni ndi tansy (1 makilogalamu aliyense) mu 2 malita a madzi. Osakanizidwa msuzi amadzipangidwira mpaka 10 malita ndi kuwonjezera 5 makapu a sopo.
- Lembani kilogalamu ya yarrow zouma mu 2 malita a madzi otentha, kupsyinjika, kuchepetsa mu 10 malita a madzi ndikuwonjezera 5 makapu a sopo.
Kulimbana ndi kupewa nsabwe za m'masamba kumathandiza zomera zomwe silingalekerere, komanso tizilombo timadya. Ndi eggplants mungathe kubzala fennel, anyezi, coriander, timbewu tonunkhira, adyo. Mafuta a zomera zimenezi amaopseza tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa nsabwe za m'masamba - kachilomboka, kachirombo kakang'ono, nsikidzi ndi nsikidzi. Koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti ena mwa iwo akhoza kuwononga mbewu zina zomwe mwakula.
Mitengo yomwe imafunikanso chithandizo: maula, apulo, mtedza, apurikoti, chitumbuwa.
Zipikisano
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumayambitsa panthawi ya kuphuka kwa mbande ya biringanya. Mphutsi, yozizira m'nyengo, kutentha kumakwera pamwamba. Amatha kugunda thunthu la chomera, komanso kudyetsa zipatso. Kuwoneka pamalo otseguka komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kwa miyezi iwiri yonse, amadya mbewu zaulimi, kenako amaphunzira.
Mu nyengo imodzi, amatha kuika mazira opitirira 2,000. Zowopsya ndizo zonyansa zomwe zapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Mphutsi zomwe zawonekera zikuwonongedwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa "Inta-vir", "Karbofos", "Kinmiks". Kupewa kumatulutsa nthaka mutatha kuthirira ndi kuchotsa namsongole.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi whiteflies
Panthawiyi, whitefly amapereka mibadwo yoposa 15. Kuwonekera kwake kumakhala kwa malo otseka, kumene kuli kutentha kwakukulu kuphatikiza ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Malo okonda - greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Tizilombo timayamwa madzi oyamwa. Zikapezeka kumbuyo kwa pepala, ndipo pamwamba pa pepala lapansi pamakhala chovala choyera (whitefly litter), chimene bowa chimakula. Zimakhulupirira kuti bowa soti amachititsa kuti mbewu zisokonezeke.
Njira zowonetsera zimakhala zofanana ndi chiwonongeko cha nsabwe za m'masamba; mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwalawa amawoneka othandiza: "Actellic" - mankhwala osapitirira 4, kutsatira malangizo. "Confidor" - kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. "Pegasus" - 2 nthawi ndi nthawi ya sabata.
Njira yowonetsera ndikubwezeretsanso enkarzii. Mkaziyo amaika mazira mu thupi la whitefly, ndipo iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri. Macrolofus bug bedding amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Njira za anthu: kuchepetsa kutentha kwa wowonjezera kutentha, misampha ya guluu, kulowetsedwa kwa adyo. Kupewa: mpweya wokwanira wokwanira, kutentha kwa madzi ozizira, kubzala mbewu, kubzala zakudya. Mdani wa chilengedwe wa whitefly ndi ladybug.
Njira zolimbana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado
Tizilombo timayenda kuchokera pamwamba pa mbatata kupita ku mbande ndi kubzala. Masamba ake amadyedwa ndipo mphutsi zimagona, zomwe zimadyetsanso masamba ndi masamba.
Kuteteza mbande kuchokera ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, kamakhala ndi mipanda yapadera. Ngati kachilomboka kanakhazikika pa biringanya, koma sichiyika pambali mphutsi, ikhoza kukololedwa ndi dzanja. Pamene mphutsi zikuwoneka, mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito: Calypso, Prestige ndi tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Colorado mbatata.
Ngati mukukula pakamera, mukukumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, musataye mtima. Choyamba, dziwani amene mukuchita nawo kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire mbande za biringanya ndi zomwe zimayambitsa tizirombo. Chithandizo cha panthawi yake cha mbande chidzakupatsani mpata wokula zokolola zabwino ndi zokoma.
