Katemera ndi chipatso cha phwetekere kuchokera ku banja la Solanaceae. Chomeracho chingakhale pachaka kapena chosatha, chimakula m'madera akummwera ndi kummwera. Tomato amakula mu greenhouses, kutchire, pa zipinda komanso ngakhale pawindo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya tomato, monga tomato ndi wamba ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzipinda zophikira, zodzoladzola ndi zamankhwala.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
Mzinda wa tomato wotchedwa South America. Pano pali zochitika zapatso ndi zachikhalidwe za zomera. M'zaka za zana la 16, phwetekere anadziwika ku Spain, Portugal, Italy, France ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la phwetekere limachokera ku pomo d'oro ya ku Italy (potembenuza - "apulo wa golidi"). Mu Aztec, zipatso izi zimatchedwa "masautso", pamene a French adatcha dzina limeneli monga tomate - phwetekere.
Ku Ulaya, tomato amamera ngati chomera. Choyamba zophikira mbale ndi tomato zinatchulidwa mu Spanish maphikidwe.
Mafakitala ena amati dziko lawo la tomato ndilo Peru, Komabe, izi sizikudziwikanso chifukwa cha chidziwitso chotaika. Palinso mafotokozedwe onena za chiyambi cha tomato (zonse zomwe zimapanga zomera komanso mawu) ochokera ku Mexico, komwe zomera zinakula ndi zipatso zake zinali zosakwana tomato zamakono zomwe timadziwa. Pambuyo pake, pofika m'zaka za zana la 16, tomato ku Mexico anayamba kulumikizidwa mu mbewu.
M'nthawi ya XVIII, phwetekere anabweretsedwa ku Russia (kupyolera mu Turkey ndi Romania). Kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anatsimikizira kuti mbewu ngati phwetekere ikhoza kudyedwa, ndi agronomist A.T. Bolotov. Kwa nthawi yaitali, phwetekere ankaonedwa ngati yokongola chomera ndi zipatso zakupha. Kubzala kale phwetekere masamba chikhalidwe anaonekera ku Crimea. Ena mwa mayinawa anali "biringanya wofiira", "chikondi apulo", ndipo ngakhale "wolfberry".
M'chaka cha 1780, Mkazi Catherine II anayesera koyamba zipatso za phwetekere. Iwo anakhala tomato, ochokera ku Roma ngati chipatso. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kumadera akutali a ufumuwo, chipatso ichi chinali chodziwikiratu kwa nthawi yaitali, chinakula kumwera kwa Russia, ku Astrakhan, Georgia, ndi Tavrida, ndipo idadyedwa ngati masamba. Kumpoto kumpoto kwa Russia, "apulo wachikondi" anali ngati chomera chokongola ndi zipatso zokongola.
Ndikofunikira! Tomato amasintha chimbudzi ndi kagayidwe kake. Phytoncides yomwe ili mkati mwake imasonyeza zotsatira za antibacterial za tomato.
Phwetekere: kodi ndi mabulosi kapena zipatso?
Tomato ndi chomera chofala kwambiri, choncho, m'mayiko ndi miyambo yosiyanasiyana kunali kawirikawiri mafunso masamba, zipatso kapena mabulosi kaya zipatso zake ndi tomato.
Chifukwa chiyani tomato amawoneka ngati mabulosi?
Tiyeni tiyesetse kupeza ngati phwetekere ndi mabulosi kapena masamba.
Berry ndi chipatso cha chomera cha herbaceous kapena shrubby, ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo ndi mbewu mkati. Nyamayi imakhudza mokwanira malingaliro awa, kukhala chipatso cha chomera cha herbaceous ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri, zamadzimadzi zamkati komanso mbeu zambiri mkati.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za zipatso monga yoshta, dogwood, blueberries, viburnum, cornplants, barberry, buluu, wakuda chokeberry, jamu, juniper, kalonga, mtambo ndi mabulosi akuda.Zipatso za Berry zigawidwa mu mitundu yotsatirayi:
- Berry (kuphatikizapo phwetekere, buluu, buluu, currant, jamu)
- Apple (awa ndi maapulo, mapeyala, phiri phulusa)
- Mbalame (zipatso za citrus - lalanje, Chimandarini)
- Granatina (iyi ndi zipatso za makangaza)
- Dzungu (mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo mavwende, vwende, zukini, dzungu)
Komanso, zipatsozo zimagawidwa kukhala zenizeni komanso zabodza. Mbali yosiyana ya mabulosi awa kuchokera kumalo opangidwa ndi botani ndi kukhalapo kwa mbewu mkati mwa pericarp. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti phwetekere zimagwirizana ndi izi. Choncho, mungathe kuyankha funsoli ngati phwetekere ndi mabulosi.Mukudziwa? Zowononga zipatso mukumvetsetsa kwathu, mwachitsanzo, strawberries kapena strawberries, ndi zipatso zonama, chifukwa mbewuzo ziri kunja. Komanso rafberries, mabulosi akuda sangakhale a zipatso nthawi zonse m'mabotani, zipatso zawo ndizambiri.
Phwetekere - masamba
Katswiri wa sayansi imanena kuti malingana ndi njira yolima, yofanana ndi masamba ena, phwetekere ndi masamba. Ichi ndi mbewu ya pachaka, ndipo mbeu ya tomato imakololedwa chifukwa chokonzekera ndi kumasula nthaka, yomwe imatenga nthawi yochepa.
Masamba monga kaloti, nkhaka, adyo, anyezi, tsabola, kabichi, okra, zukini, sikwashi ndi lagenaria ndizo zimayambitsa mavitamini.Kuchokera ku zochitika zophikira, zipatso za phwetekere zimatchulidwanso ngati zamasamba ndi njira yopangira ndi kudya. Kawirikawiri, amaphatikizidwa ndi nsomba ndi nyama, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasamala mu zakudya zopanda chotukuka, mbale yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, osati mchere.
Zonsezi zimakupatsani inu kuyitana phwetekere basi masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso za phwetekere zimatha kutchedwa kuti zachilengedwe. Nyamayi imakhala ndi maganizo owonjezera gMahomoni a chimwemwe ndi serotonin, komanso tyramine, yomwe imasanduka serotonin kale m'thupi.
N'chifukwa chiyani tomato amatchedwa chipatso
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe, mtundu, juiciness wa phwetekere, mafunso amawuka kaya ndi chipatso kapena masamba.
Tanthauzo la "chipatso" limafotokoza monga gawo lovuta kapena lofewa la chomera mwa mawonekedwe a chipatso ndi mbewu. Zipatso zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuyendetsa maluwa kuchokera ku ovary. Zamasamba ndi zowonjezereka zotsamba za maluwa. Kuchokera pazifukwa izi, zipatso zonse za mbeu ndi mbewu zimatha kutchedwa zipatso, chifukwa chake phwetekere nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chipatso.
Palinso kufotokoza kwasayansi, malinga ndi zomwe chipatsocho ndi gawo lodyera la mbewu ndi mbewu, zomwe zimachokera ku maluwa. Komabe, pophika, tomato amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba. Choncho, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti phwetekere ndi masamba kapena ayi.
Mukudziwa? Tomato ali ndi lycopene - chinthu chimene chimachepetsa kukalamba kwa maselo a thupi, kutetezera ku zisonkhezero zoipa. Lopopeni sichiwonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha.
Kufotokozera mwachidule: mabulosi, masamba kapena zipatso?
Kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu sankatha kudziwa momwe angatchekere phwetekere: kodi ndi mabulosi, zipatso kapena masamba? Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusagwirizana kumeneku ndikuti pali njira ya sayansi ndi zophikira ku tanthauzo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso ndi ziwalo za mbewu. Malingana ndi botani, Matimati ndi mabulosi, zipatso za phwetekere, zopangidwa chifukwa cha kuyendetsa maluwa. Pophika, komanso mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, phwetekere amatchedwa masamba, kutanthauza kuti panthawi yomweyi akuphika mbale yowonjezera ndi yowonjezera. Malingana ndi njira yobzala, phwetekere imatchedwanso mbewu za ndiwo zamasamba.
Mu Chingerezi, palibe kusiyana pakati pa lingaliro la "chipatso" ndi "chipatso". Kotero, izo zinakhulupiriridwa kuti Phwetekere ndi chipatso. Komabe, mu 1893, Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ku United States linagamula kuti Nyamayi ndi masamba. Chifukwa cha izi ndizofunika za miyambo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masamba okha, koma chipatsocho chingatengedwe kwaulere. Mu 2001, funso lomweli linayambanso ku Ulaya, ndipo tsopano phwetekereyo sinadziwika ngati masamba, komabe ngati chipatso.
Chilankhulo chathu ndi miyambo yathu sizitithandiza kuti tidziwe ngati tomato ndi masamba, zipatso kapena zipatso. Choncho, motsogoleredwa ndi mfundo za sayansi ndi chikhalidwe ndi chidziwitso za phwetekere ndi zipatso zake, ndizotheka kunena zimenezo Matimati ndi mabulosi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa tomato pa chakudya, komanso m'makampani odzola, komanso ngakhale mankhwala, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mkati mwake. Phwetekere ili ndi:
- 94% madzi
- 4% Zakhakamu
- 1% mapuloteni
- fiber
- mafuta
- mavitamini A, C, K, B-B1, E, PP, ndi zina.
- organic acids.
Nyamayi ndi imodzi mwa miyambo yotchuka kwambiri masiku ano. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi kupezeka kwa zipatso zake - tomato, kukoma kokoma, zakudya, zakudya komanso zokongoletsa.
