Moroznik ndi chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la Ranunculaceae. Amakhala ku Mediterranean, Asia Minor ndi Balkan. Hellebore imatha kupezeka m'malo otsetsereka a mapili kapena m'nkhalango zowala. Imatha kutchedwa primrose, chifukwa maluwa amawoneka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi zina kumapeto kwa dzinja mumatha kuphuka masamba oundana. Kufalikira kwa hellebore kumadziwika kuti ndi mphatso yabwino ya Khrisimasi m'maiko ena ku Europe, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zina imatchedwa "Christmas rose" kapena "nyumba yachisanu." Dzina lasayansi chomera ndi hellebore. Mtengowu sukutchuka osati wamaluwa okha, komanso mwa omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi, chifukwa anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti hellebore ndi chida chothandiza kuthana ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Moroznik ndi udzu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mphukira 20-50 masentimita.Pafupi ndi dziko lapansi pali phokoso lalifupi lokhazikika. Phula lopanda kanthu limakhala lopanda nthambi ndipo lopanda masamba. Masamba amaphatikizika mu socket pafupi ndi nthaka palokha ndikupanga chitsamba chobiriwira chobiriwira. Amakula pamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kapena otsika phazi. Pa petiole akhoza kuchokera kumagawo asanu omwe amakhala radially. Chovala chilichonse chokhala ndi chikopa chobiriwira chakuda, chili ndi m'mphepete mwamphamvu komanso poyambira m'mbali mwa mtsempha.
Nthawi yamaluwa imagwera paFebruwari-Epulo, kutengera nyengo. Pakadali pano, maluwa kapena mawonekedwe ochepa a inflorescence pamwamba pa tsinde. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi njira yofikira, yazovala. Nimbus yooneka ngati belu ili ndi manda 5 owala, omwe nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa pamakhala. Alijambulidwa ndi zoyera, zapinki, zachikasu, inki kapena zofiirira. Ma petals nawonso adasinthidwa kukhala timawu. Pakatikati pake pamakhala chisonyezo cham'mimba komanso chisa. Pakatikati pa maluwa, fungo loipa losasunthika limayenda pamwamba pa maluwa. M'mitundu ina, ilibe.
Chipatso cha multifoliate chimakhala ndi nthangala zochepa zomwe zimamasulidwa mutakhwima kwathunthu. Munthawi yonseyi, mame owala amapitilira ndipo pambuyo poti mbewu yake ikukhwima yadzadza ndikugwa. Ngakhale mphukira ikafota ndi inflorescence, chitsamba chobiriwira chobiriwira chimatsalira ndipo pang'onopang'ono tsinde lakale limasinthidwa ndi latsopano, lokhathamira komanso zobiriwira.
Mitundu ya Hellebore
Asayansi osiyanasiyana amati mitundu 1422 ya mbewu ndi mtundu wa hellebore. Ambiri aiwo amatha kukula mchikhalidwe chapakati Russia.
Tsamba lakuda. Rhizome osatha ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda, amatha kupitilirabe ngakhale nyengo yachisanu. Masamba opanda masamba, mitengo yoyendetsedwa m'magawo ena ndi mbali zina. Pamwamba pa mphukira yamtundu mpaka 20 masentimita ali okongoletsedwa ndi maluwa 1-3. Mphepo zoyera za pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kupindika, ndipo zipatso zikacha, zimasanduka zobiriwira.
Caucasian hellebore. Omwe amakhala ku Caucasus, Turkey, Greece ndi maiko ena ofunda amakula 20-50 cm kutalika. Kutalika kwa pepala lobiriwira lakuda ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15. Amagawika m'magulu oyambira a 5-11 okhala ndi m'mphepete. Mbaleyo imakhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera oyera okhala ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka 8. Amaphukira theka lachiwiri la masika ndipo amakhala pafupifupi masabata 6. Mpweya wabwino wa mbewuyi umakhala ndi ma sumu oopsa kwambiri komanso ma glycosides, omwe, atagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso, amakhumudwitsa mtima.
Moroznik ndi kum'mawa. Udzu wobiriwira wokhala ndi kutalika kosaposa 30 cm umasiyanitsidwa ndi msipu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi maluwa okhala ngati belu wokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 5. Mtunduwu umakonda kwambiri matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Madzi ochokera kumapepala amakhudzana ndi khungu amachititsa kuyaka.
Hellebore ndi ofiira. Zomerazi zimapezeka ku Hungary, Romania ndi mayiko ena a Southeast Europe. Kukula konseku kumakhala ndi kupentera. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu, nyanjayi imasunga masamba ake akuluakulu oyambira nthawi yozizira. Masamba ali ndi nthenga zowoneka ngati nthenga ndipo ali ndi ma loboti obiriwira a pinki obiriwira. Maluwa atavala ma pedunires mkati amakhala atapangidwa utoto wofiirira, ndipo kunjaku ali ndi fota yofiirira, yofiirira.
Malamulo ak kubereka
Hellebore imatha kudulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu kapena kugawa chitsamba. Kufalikira kwa mbewu kumafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama, chifukwa kubzala zinthu kuyenera kubwatulidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Choyamba, mbewu zosonkhanitsidwa ndi zouma zimafuna kutentha kwa miyezi 2 ndi 2, kenako kuzizira kofanana. Zikauma, mbewu zimataya kumera, kotero simuyenera kuzengereza kufesa. Zilifesedwa mosavuta mukakolola poyera. Zinthu zobzala zobzala zimabzalidwa m'mundamo (ngati miyezi itatu yasiyidwa kuzizira) kapena mumiphika yokulira mbande.
Kunyumba, gwiritsani ntchito miphika kapena mabokosi okhala ndi dothi losayimira kapena mchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mbewu zimayikidwa ndi 5-10 mm ndikuunyowetsa nthaka. Choyamba zimasungidwa kwa miyezi itatu firiji (pafupi + 20 ° C), ndikuziyika mufiriji nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pa stratization, mbande zikuyembekezeredwa posachedwa. Mphika wokhala ndi mbande umasungidwa. Wokula mbande amazimbira m'miphika yosiyanasiyana ndikuyika malo otetezeka. Ma hellebores achichepere amawokedwa m'malo otseguka mpaka malo okhazikika muzaka zitatu za moyo. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakongoletsa kuchokera chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka zaka 3-5.
Bere lomwe limakulidwa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kutulutsa kwa chakudya) kapena kale mu Seputembala (pambuyo pokhwima kwa mbewu) litha kugawidwa. Choyamba, hellebore imakumbidwa kwathunthu, kenako mosamala kwambiri amasulidwa ku dongo. Rhizome imadulidwa kukhala Delenki. Masamba 1-2 kapena masamba angapo amasiyidwa pa lirilonse. Zingwe zimagawidwa m'maenje ndi kuya pafupifupi 30 cm ndi mtunda wa 30 mpaka 40. Dothi liyenera kumasulidwa bwino ndikuthira manyowa musanabzike. Pakupita milungu iwiri kapena itatu, chisamaliro chokwanira ndi kuthirira kofunikira kudzafunika. Nthawi yosinthira itha kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali. M'chaka cha kufalikira kapena kugawikana, chitsamba chadwala ndipo chimafota kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, musadandaule, hellebore iyenera kukhala ndi moyo ndikuyamba kukula mwachangu.
Kusamalira Kunja
M'mundamo, ndibwino kuti hellebore ipeze malo otetezedwa ku zojambula ndi dzuwa lowala. Penumbra ndi yoyenera kwa iye, pomwe dzuwa limangokhala m'mawa kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Chitetezo chodalirika chimafunikira masana. Pamalo owala kwambiri, maluwa adzawonekera kale, koma posachedwa adzazirala. Masamba amaphwanyidwaphwanyidwa, samapanga rosette lalikulu lotere. Maluwa amatha kubzala pansi pamitengo yokhala ndi korona yowoneka bwino, motero amalandila kuwala bwino ndi zakudya kuchokera masamba obiriwira.
Dothi lamdothi lopanda ndale, ndipo makamaka zamchere, momwe mungayere kubzala. Asanabzala, nthaka imakumba ndi laimu, phulusa kapena fupa. Bwino kusintha mbewu zobzalidwa mu kugwa.
Kusamalira hellebore ndikosavuta. Nthawi zambiri amapeza madzi okwanira m'nthaka. Masamba osasunthika amachepetsa chinyezi. Pakangokhala kouma ndi kotentha kokha komwe kumathiriridwa madzi kamodzi pamwezi.
Patsamba lokhalidwa ndi thanzi, kudyetsa nthawi zonse kwa hellebore sikofunikira. Dziko lapansi lili kale ndi humus yokwanira. Komanso, maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni ochokera mumlengalenga ndi michere ingapo padziko lapansi. Ndikokwanira kupanga zosanjikiza za mulch watsopano mu masika. Imateteza ma rhizomes, chifukwa amapezeka pafupi kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwululidwa.
Kangapo pamnyengo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti udzu ubzale ndi kuwonda mbeu. Ngakhale m'malo amodzi imatha kumera kwa zaka zambiri popanda mavuto, kudzipatsako kumakulitsa udzu. Izi zimakhudza maonekedwe ndikupweteketsa matenda.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya hellebore imakonda matenda a fungal (anthracnose, powdery hlobo, tsamba lamasamba, dzimbiri). Ndi chinyezi chachikulu, matendawa amafalikira mwachangu. Akapeza masamba awonongeka ndi mawanga, ayenera kumadula pomwepo ndikuwonongeka. Zomera zoyandikana nazo zimathandizidwa ndi zokonzekera zamkuwa zamkuwa.
Pakati pa majeremusi, hop hop hop, mbozi, ndi nsabwe kukhala ambiri. Munkhokwe zowirira ndi nkhono zimabisala, ndipo mbewa zimathanso kubisala. Mollusks amatengedwa ndi dzanja, poyizoni amayikidwa kuchokera ku makoswe, ndipo tizilombo timathiridwa ndi tizirombo ndi ma acaricides. Ndi chidwi komanso kupezeka kwa nthawi yake, tizirombo sizimapangitsa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hellebore.
Mankhwala ndi contraindication
Hellebore wakuda ndi Caucasus amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe Kukula kwakukulu, amadziwika ngati njira yochepetsera kunenepa komanso kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya. Komabe, hellebore ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mu mizu ya hellebore muli ma glycosides ambiri, ma alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids.
Ngati mulingo wathandizika, chithandizo cha hellebore chimathandizira:
- kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi shuga;
- kuchotsa miyala ndi mchenga mu impso ndi chikhodzodzo;
- kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira;
- kupewa khansa;
- kuyeretsa matumbo ku poizoni ndi poizoni.
Kuchepetsa thupi kumachitika chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwa madzi owonjezera kuchokera mthupi komanso kuphatikizika kwa kagayidwe.
Monga tanena kale, hellebore ya ku Caucasian ndiyowopsa makamaka, popeza ilinso ndi zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito ndipo imakhumudwitsa dongosolo la kayendedwe kazinthu ka anthu. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chilichonse chimayenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala. Kulephera kudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwanjira iliyonse ndi chizolowezi cha ziwopsezo, zaka za ana (mpaka zaka 12), nthawi yokhala ndi pakati komanso mkaka wa m`mawere. Pankhani ya bongo, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuwoneka: kufooka, kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, ludzu lalikulu, kufupika.
