Hogweed ndi chomera chamtundu wochokera ku banja la Umbrella. Amadziwika ndi ambiri chifukwa chokhoza kuyambitsa kuyaka. Nthawi yomweyo, dzina lachi Russia likuwonetsa kuti masamba achichepere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira sopo, borsch ndi maphunziro achiwiri. Dzinalo lasayansi - Heracleum kapena Hercules udzu - limalankhula za kukula kwa mbeuyo yonse, masamba ake ndi maambulera. Hogweed imagawidwa kwambiri m'malo otentha a Eurasia, ngakhale imapezekanso ku North America. Nthawi zambiri, imamera m'nkhalango zowoneka bwino, m'malo obisika, m'mitsinje ndi m'misewu. Khalidwe loti litengeke ndi losadabwitsa. Mitundu ina imakhala poizoni kwa anthu ndi nyama, pomwe ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, ngati mankhwala, komanso kukongoletsa malowa komanso zaulimi. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti namsongole wapoizoni amalimbana nthawi zonse, koma mitundu yokongoletsera ndi thanzi imalimidwa bwino.
Kodi chimakhala chowoneka bwanji
Hogweed ndi chomera chaching'ono. Nthawi zambiri mayendedwe ake amakhala zaka 2 ndipo nthawi zochepa ochulukirapo. Amadyetsedwa ndi poyambira poyambira ndi nthambi zambiri zapansi. Kuzama kwa mizu ukufika 2 m.
Nthambi zowongoka bwino zimafanana ndi machubu opanda kanthu. Kutalika kwawo kwakukulu kumayambira 20-50 masentimita mpaka 2,5. Pali zitsanzo mpaka 6 m. Pa tsinde lopanda kanthu pali miyeso yolimba ndi villi. Imakhala ndi nthiti.
Masamba amakhala okhazikika pansi pamtunda wokhazikika woyambira. Openwork tsamba mbale za cirrus-dissected kapena lobed mawonekedwe zimakhala ndi zigawo za 3-7 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mbali kapena yosasanjika mwammbali. Mtundu wa masamba ake ndiwobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Tsamba lililonse limakhala pachikhatho chachikulu, chomwe ndi maziko ake chimakhala ndi tsinde.
Mu June, maambulera ovuta amawoneka pamtunda wa mphukira. Maluwa amatenga miyezi 1.5. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi pafupifupi masentimita 40. Ili ndi ma ray pafupifupi 150 okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono achikasu, oyera kapena oyera. Maluwa a Hogweed amakhala ndi mungu wambiri ndi timadzi tokoma, timene timapatsa chakudya monga mapuloteni. Hogweed ndi zomera monocarpic, maluwa ake amapezeka kamodzi kokha. Kenako mbewuyo imafa.
Pambuyo pakufota, makapisozi awiri okhala ndi masamba awiri oyimitsidwa bwino amawonekera m'malo mwa maluwa. Pambuyo pakucha, amatsegula mosavuta ndikutulutsa njere.
Kuopsa kodzitchinjiriza
Kwa anthu, choopsa chachikulu ndikulumikizana ndi ng'ombe. Chomera chotsimikizika cha mbeuyo ndizovuta kuwona pakhungu. Sichimayambitsa kutentha kapena kusasangalala kwina. Nthawi yomweyo, chidwi cha khungu mpaka kuwala kwa dzuwa chimakulitsidwa kwambiri. Mbali iyi ya hogweed imatchedwa Phototoxicity. Mafuta ofunikira ndi ma coumarins amathandizira kuyaka. Pa masiku otentha, otentha, zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. M'mphindi zochepa kapena maola (mpaka tsiku), thovu lalikulu lodzadza ndi madzi limawonekera. Ngati msuzi ulowa m'maso, ndiye kuti njira zina zosasinthika zimatha kuyamba khungu.
Nthawi yamaluwa, zoopsa zimawonjezeka. Fungo lakuthwa, lofanana ndi kununkhira kwa palafini, limatalikirana ndi ma mita angapo kuchokera kosungidwa. Zimayambitsa thupi siligwirizana komanso mavuto kupuma.
Inde, kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi mbewu kuyenera kupewedwa m'njira zonse zomwe zingatheke, koma ngati zidachitika kale, mutha kuthandizira motere:
- sambani bwino bwino malo owonongeka ndi madzi ambiri ndi sopo;
- kuchitira ndi mankhwala okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, furatsilinom kapena yankho la potaziyamu permanganate;
- ntchito panthenol kapena sedative;
- Osagwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kapena kukonza mavalidwe;
- letsa kuwala kwa dzuwa kulowa malo omwe akukhudzidwa osachepera masiku awiri.
Dokotala atha kukuthandizani kwambiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuzengereza kupita kuchipatala.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mokwanira pali mitundu 70 ya hogweed. Amagawidwa ngati maudzu oopsa, namsongole ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera.
Zomera zapoizoni
Zomera zotsatirazi ndi zapoizoni.
Hogweed waku Sosnowski. Ichi ndi mbewu yachikale yobiriwira ku Caucasus. Kutalika kwake kumafikira mamilimita 3. Mphukira zamphamvu zolimba zimapanga chitsamba cholimba. Masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira amakula 1.4 m m'litali ndi mainchesi 0.7 mamilimita. Inflorescence yokhala ndi maluwa oyera kapena opepuka a pinki m'mimba mwake imafikira masentimita 50-80. Imaphuka mu Julayi. Kubalana kumachitika kokha ndi mbewu. Madzi amtunduwu ali ndi ma furanocoumarins. Kufika pakhungu, motsogozedwa ndi radiation ya ultraviolet, imatha kuyambitsa kwambiri mpaka imfa. Poyamba, mbewuzo zidalimidwa ngati mbewu yodyetsa mbewu. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti zimakhudza chibadwa ndipo zimayambitsa masinthidwe amanyama.
Hogweed Mantegazzi. Chomera chachikulu chokula msanga chotalika pafupifupi mamita 6 chimafalikira mwachangu kudera lozungulira. Dongosolo lakuthwa limafikira masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira pang'ono okhala ndi magawo atatu amakula m'munsi mwawo. Kutalika kwa tsamba ndi petiole ndi mamita 3. Mu June-Ogasiti, kumtunda kumakongoletsedwa ndi ambulera inflorescence. Pakacha zipatso, mbewuyo imafa. Madzi amtunduwu amakhalanso ndi ma furanocoumarins, omwe amachititsa kuyaka pakhungu, chifukwa chake m'maiko ambiri amalimbana ndi boma.
Wamba hogweed. Herbaceous osatha ndi bowo, pang'ono zimayambira limakula 2-2,5 mamita kutalika. Masamba okhala ndi masamba obiriwira okwanira 3-5 amakula pamtali wautali. Amakhala obiriwira. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera amapanga ma ambulera ovuta mpaka 40 cm.
Zomera zopanda vuto
Zomera zotsatirazi zimawonedwa ngati zopanda vuto.
Siberian hogweed. Mtengo wa masamba obiriwira wa 1.2-2 m ukumera masamba obiriwira a mitengo ya cirrus. Amakhalanso pansi pafupi ndi malo okutakata. Chidutswa chilichonse cha masamba chimakhala ndi lobes 3-7. Maluwa obiriwira obiriwira amatulutsa maambulera inflorescence okhala ndi masentimita 16-20. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa June. Zomera sizingakhale poopsa komanso kukula mwaukali, koma zimakhala ndi mankhwala komanso mankhwala okongoletsera.
Wobowola ndi waubweya. Mtundu wa herbaceous biennial pafupifupi 150 masentimita okwanira umakhala ndi mphukira wozungulira wokhala ndi mizu itali masentimita 3-5. Masamba ozungulira kapena ozungulira 50-60 masentimita kutalika kwake ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndipo wokutidwa ndi mulu wa siliva. Maambulera okhala ndi maluwa oyera oyera mulifupi ndi 15-20 cm.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Popeza hogweed imafesedwa mosavuta ndi mbewu ndikupanga kudzibzala bwino, sizikupanga nzeru kugwiritsa ntchito njira zobala zipatso. Nthawi zambiri njere zimakololedwa pang'ono, chifukwa zimayamba kutha msanga. Mutha kumanganso maambulera ndi gauze. Mukayanika, mbewu zimapangidwa nthawi yomweyo. Pakati pa yophukira, chisanu chisanayambe, amayamba pafupi masentimita 2-3. Pogona china sichofunikira. Chapakatikati, patatha chisanu, mphukira zoyambirira zimatuluka. Poyamba, nthambizo ndi zobiriwira zomwe zikukula zikukula bwino. Maluwa amayamba kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mpaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo. Mutha kubzalanso chotsekedwa mchaka, koma zisanachitike mbewuzo zimayikidwa mufiriji kuti ziyambitsidwenso kwa masabata awiri.
Mwambiri, mbewuyi ndi odzichepetsa komanso osasamala. Sikufanana ndi nthaka komanso malo. Muyenera kusamalira mozama pang'ono. Palinso mikhalidwe yoyenera yokwanira yopangira mitundu yokongoletsera.
Kuwala Mtengowo umamera bwino ndi kuwala kowala, pakuwala kwamphamvu, komanso kungakhale mu mthunzi pang'ono.
Kutentha Hogweed ndi wolimba kwambiri. Imapirira kutentha chimodzimodzi mpaka + 45 ° C ndi kuzizira mpaka-35 ° C. M'nyengo yotentha, safuna kutetezedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira, amateteza dothi kumizu.
Kuthirira. Ngakhale mbewuyo imatha kupirira chilala chakanthawi, kuthilira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti mbewu zikule msanga komanso kuti mapangidwe obiriwira obiriwira azikhala obiriwira. Komabe, kusunthira kwa madzi m'nthaka sikuyenera kuloledwa kuti mizu ibowole. Pamwamba panthaka nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kumasula. Pafupifupi mbewu zazing'ono, namsongole zimachotsedwa, zolengedwa zolimba zimapanikizika zokha.
Feteleza Hogweed imatha kuchita popanda feteleza. Ngati dothi ndilosauka kwambiri kapena muyenera kupeza zitsamba zobiriwira mwachangu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Malingaliro ake masika. Yankho la Mullein limatsanuliridwa pansi pa tchire kapena feteleza wovuta wa mineral ntchito.
Udzu wachinyamata
Njira zowonongera poizoni amtundu wa ng'ombe zokhala ndi ng'ombe zimakonzedwa mosalekeza. Mpaka pano, oposa khumi ndi awiriwa apangidwa. Otsatirawa amatengedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri:
- kudulira kwa masamba osasambitsidwa (popeza maluwawo atha kamodzi kokha, ndikokwanira kuwalepheretsa kutulutsa ndi kukhazikitsa mbewu);
- kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa herbicides (zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimawononga mbewu) - muyenera kufafaniza maluwa asanawonekere;
- kuwotcha (nkhuni zimathiriridwa ndimadzimadzi woyaka ndikuyaka moto kuyambira kumapeto kwa maluwa mpaka pakucha kwathunthu kwa njere; ndikofunikira kuti kusayandikire pafupi, chifukwa mbewu zoyaka zimatulutsa utsi wapoizoni);
- kulima ndi kudulira (pamtunda wawung'ono ndikokwanira kukumba pansi kangapo kuchokera koyambirira kwa kasupe kapena kutsata mabedi pafupipafupi, chifanizo chilichonse chizidulidwa pansi pa khosi muzu);
- kulima mbewu zomwe zikukula mwachangu;
- kuswana tizilombo, adani athu;
- kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waulimi (kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odulira ndege kuti awononge mizu salola kuti ng'ombe ya ng'ombe izitulutsa ndi kumera ndipo udzu umachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono popanda kufalikira kumadera oyandikana nawo).
Mankhwala
Mafuta owopsa a ku Siberia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka ngati mankhwala othandiza. Ma infusions ndi decoctions ogwira amakhala okonzedwa kuchokera kumizu ndi masamba. Kumeza kumathandizira kuchotsa matenda a impso ndi ndulu, kukomoka ndi khunyu. Decoctions a mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi lymphadenitis, zotupa zazimayi wamkazi, mphumu ya bronchial ndi hepatitis. Kusamba ndi ma compress ndizothandiza pamatenda a pakhungu, rheumatism kapena mphere.
Mankhwala ovomerezeka sanatengepo chomera ichi, komabe, maphunziro akuchitika ndipo madokotala ena amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza njira zamchikhalidwe ndi zina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zigawo zam'mera ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Kuti musavulaze thanzi lanu, muyenera kufunsa dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito.
