Cypress ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse choyimiriridwa ndi tchire komanso mitengo yambiri. Pali zooneka bwino zocheperako zosakwana 0,5 mamita ndi mbewu zazikulupo zoposa 70 m kutalika. Ndi a banja la Chipypress. Malowa amakhudza North America ndi East Asia. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18 azyper adayamba kukongoletsa mapaki ndi minda ya ku Europe. Masiku ano amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chomera. Mphukira zofewa zimatulutsa fungo linalake lomwe limadzaza nyumbayo ndi zolemba zakunja za kumadera otentha a Kum'mawa kapena ku Mediterranean.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Chomera ndi mtengo wokhala ndi mtengo wowongoka, wolimba, wokutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni. Chomera chimadyetsedwa ndi nthangala yopukutidwa. Amayala kwambiri m'lifupi kuposa kuzama.
Korona wa piramidi kapena wophulika amakhala ndi mphukira zophuka. Nthambi zazing'ono ndizophimbidwa ndi singano zazing'ono, zomwe pazaka zambiri zimasanduka masikelo atatu. Amakhala olimba wina ndi mnzake ndipo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira, wamtambo kapena wonyezimira. Tamba lililonse lili ndi m'mphepete mozungulira.
Cypress ndi chomera chokhachokha, kutanthauza kuti, ziwalo zamphongo zazimuna ndi zazimuna zimaphuka pa munthu m'modzi. Ma cell amakula pamagulu a nthambi za chaka chimodzi. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Danga lamtundu umodzi ndi masentimita 1-1.5.Pansi pa sikelo yobiriwira yobiriwira moyandikana ndi inzake pali mbewu ziwiri. Kucha kumachitika mchaka choyamba. Mbeu iliyonse yaying'ono imakhazikika m'mphepete ndipo imakhala ndi mapiko ochepa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Pazonse, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbewu yalembedwa m'mabanja acypress. Nthawi yomweyo, pali mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera yomwe ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofuna za wopanga mawonekedwe.
Cypress pea. Zomera zafalikira kuchokera ku Japan. Ndi mtengo mpaka 30 m kutalika ndi korona wa piramidi. Thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi khungwa lofiirira. Wotambasuka, wolumikizidwa kunthambi za thunthu wokhala ndi lathyathyathya njira wokutidwa ndi singano ya buluu yamtambo. Nthambi zimakhala ndi ma kontena ang'onoang'ono achikasu mpaka bulauni mpaka 6 mm. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Boulevard. Mtengo wowoneka ngati cheni kutalika kwa mita 5. Zingwe zooneka ngati sera za buluu zofiirira zimaphukira pamitengo yofewa, osapitirira kutalika kwa 6. cm. Mtunduwu wa thermophilic sulekerera chisanu.
- Filyera. Chomera chooneka ngati mitengo chotalika pafupifupi mita 5 chimakhala ndi korona wooneka wooneka bwino wokhala ndi nthambi zokhala kumapeto.
- Nana. Chitsamba chophulika 60-80 cm komanso 1.5 m mulitali chimakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira.
- Mwana Buluu Mtengo wamtali wamtunda wa 150-200 masentimita wokhala ndi korona wandiweyani wokutidwa ndi singano zamtambo.
- Sangold. Chitsamba chozungulira kutalika pafupifupi mita imodzi chimadziwika ndi singano zofewa za mtundu wobiriwira wagolide.
Phokoso la Lavson. Mitundu ya North America ndi mtengo wamphamvu 70 m. Kunja, amafanana ndi cheni chopapatiza. Singano amasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wakuda wa greenery. Pamwambapo nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbali imodzi. Thunthu lake limakutidwa ndi khungubwe lofiirira wofiirira, ndipo maonsi ofiirira otuwa amakula m'magulu kumapeto kwa nthambi. Dawo lawo limafika masentimita 10. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Elwoodi - mtengo 3 m wamtali wokhala ndi korona wabuluu wobiriwira wobiriwira wamera ngati nthambi zobiriwira, ndikuthamanga kumapeto kwake;
- Snow White - chitsamba chosanjikana ndi singano zamitundu yambiri zokutidwa ndi malire a siliva;
- Yvonne - chomera mpaka 2,5 m kutalika kuli ndi korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira, amaphimbidwa ndi singano zachikaso zagolide kapena masingano obiriwira opepuka;
- Columnaris - mtengo 5-10 mamita pafupifupi kuchokera pamtunda womwewo umakutidwa ndi nthambi zanthete zofiirira zolimba.
Cypress chowuma (chopepuka). Chomera chofewa mpaka 50 m chimachokera ku Japan. Thunthu lake mu girth lingakhale mamita 2. Lophimbidwa ndi khungwa lotuwa losalala. Nthambi zopindika mobwerezabwereza zimapachikidwa kumapeto. Amakutidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachikasu kapena chomera. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Dracht (Drat) - chitsamba chomwe chimamera pang'ono pachaka ndi zaka 10 chikufika pa 1.5-2 m, chili ndi mawonekedwe apafupi komanso mtundu wobiriwira;
- Rashahiba - chitsamba chamadzi chaching'ono chomwe chimakhala ndi nthambi zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso maelesi a lalanje kapena a bulauni;
- Nana Gracilis - chitsamba mpaka 60 masentimita wamtali ali ndi mawonekedwe otalika ophatikizika ndi singano zobiriwira zobiriwira.
Chipilala cha Nutkansky. Zomera zimapezeka pagombe la Pacific ku North America. Ndi mitengo 40 kutalika kwake ndi korona wandiweyani wokutidwa ndi singano zobiriwira zakuda. Panthambi ndizopindika ma 1-1.2 cm mulifupi.
- Leyland - chomera 15-20 m kutalika ndi mpaka 5.5 m mulifupi ndi mawonekedwe yopapatiza okhala ndi nthambi zotseguka zopindika za mtundu wobiriwira wakuda;
- Pendula ndi mitundu yolira yomwe imawoneka ngati kandulo yokhala ndi nthambi zobiriwira zakuda.
Njira zolerera
Cypress imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi vegetatively (masamba obiriwira, magawo). Kubzala mbewu ndi koyenera kwa mitundu ya mbewu, chifukwa mawonekedwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amagawanika. Kuchulukitsa kumapitilira kwa zaka 15 zokolola. Kuti mbewu ikhale pamtunda wachilengedwe, mbewu zimapangidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga ndi dothi la peat mu Okutobala. Amangotengedwa kupita kumsewu ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi chipewa chovuta. Kumapeto kwa Marichi, zotengera zimabweretsedwa m'chipinda chofunda (+ 18 ... + 22 ° C), chipinda chopepuka. Kuwala kwadzuwa sikothandiza.
Kuwombera kumawonekera mwachangu kwambiri, amafunika kuthirira pang'ono. Mbewu zachikulire zimalowa mu bokosi lina lomwe lili ndi mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kapena mapoto osiyana. Kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, posachedwa chisanu, kaparisoviki kwa maola angapo tsiku lililonse amatenga mseu kuti akalimbikitse. Pakumapeto kwa kasupe, mitengo yamipini yolimba imabzalidwa panthaka pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba adzafunika pabwino.
Kufalikira podzigawa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, ndiyoyenera kuthengo ndi mitundu yokwawa. Nthawi yamasika, chimangacho chimapangidwa pakhungwa ndikamizidwa munthaka, chimakonzedwa ndi mwala kapena mwala. Pamwamba pamakwezedwa ndipo thandizo limapangidwa ndi mitengo. Nyengo yonse muyenera kuthirira osati chomera chokhacho, komanso zigawo. Posachedwa akhala ndi mizu yake, koma akukonzekera kuchoka ndikuwokhalanso kasupe wotsatira.
Kudula ndi imodzi mwa njira zodalirika kwambiri zoberekera. Kwa icho, mphukira yaying'ono ya 5-5 masentimita imadulidwa nthawi yamasika. Pafupi ndi m'munsi, ma singano amachotsedwa. Zidulidwa mizu mumiphika wa maluwa ndi chisakanizo cha perlite, mchenga ndi makungwa a coniferous. Mbande imakutidwa ndi filimu yomwe imakhala chinyezi kwambiri. Mizu imayamba mkati mwa miyezi 1-2. Zitatha izi, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa kupita kwina ndikuzikundikiranso ndi cap. Mpaka nthawi yozizira, amasinthasintha komanso amatha kupulumuka kuzizira popanda pogona. Ndikudula mochedwa, mbande zimasiyidwa mumipanda mu chipinda chozizira mpaka masika.
Kunja kofikira
Kudzala cypress m'munda, sankhani pamtunda, malo ozizira. Ma singano achikasu kwambiri mu utoto wa singano, dzuwa lochulukirapo limafunikira. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi komanso lopanda madzi. Zopatsa mafuta sizovomerezeka. Chimakula msipu pa loam.
Kugulitsa mapulani amakonzekera mwezi wa Epulo. Kuti tichite izi, ndibwino kukonzekeretsa dzenje lakuya mpaka 90cm komanso pafupi masentimita 60 kale pakugwa. Mchenga wosanjikiza (kuchokera 20 cm) umayikidwa pansi. Dzenje limathiriridwa ndipo mizu imachizidwa ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi ndi yankho la Kornevin. Titha kuyika rhizome, malo omasuka ndi okutidwa ndi dothi losakanizika, peat, humus ya masamba ndi mchenga. Khosi la muzu limakhazikika kutalika kwa 10-20 masentimita pamwamba pa mulingo wa nthaka, kotero kuti panthawi ya shrinkage imakhala ngakhale ndi nthaka. Mukangodutsa, mbande zimadyetsedwa "Nitroammofoskoy", ndipo nthaka ndikuyamwa. Mukubzala kwamagulu, mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi 1-1,5 m.
Malamulo Osamalira
Ma cypress a mumsewu amakonda kutentha kwambiri kwa dothi ndi mpweya. Ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndikumapopera. Pakalibe mvula yachilengedwe, chidebe chamadzi chimatsanulidwa sabata iliyonse pansi pamtengo. Ndikwabwino kupopera mbewu madzulo. Nthaka ya muzu wa dothi imamasulidwa nthawi zonse mpaka akuya pafupifupi masentimita 20. Namsongole umatha kumera pafupi ndi mtengo wachichepere, womwe umayenera kuchotsedwa. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa pansi ndi peat kapena utuchi.
Kuti mukulitse mwachangu, cypress imafunika kuvala pamwamba. Mu Epulo-Juni, kawiri pa mwezi, nthaka imakonkhedwa ndi feteleza wama mineral, kenako mbewuyo imadzadza madzi ambiri. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito theka la mlingo woyenera. Kuyambira mu Julayi-Ogasiti, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa kuti cypress yokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Mitundu yambiri imagwirizana ndi chisanu, koma imatha kuvutika nyengo yozizira, yopanda chipale. Mukugwa, thunthu lozungulira limakhazikika ndi peat ndikuphimbidwa ndi masamba okugwa. Mitengo ya cypress yaying'ono imatha kuphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi nthambi za spruce ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, malo ogona onse amachotsedwa, ndipo chipale chofewa chimabalalika kuti mbewu zisamayende.
Kupereka mawonekedwe, cypress shears. Amalekerera njirayi bwino, koma iyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Pakudulira, nthambi zouma ndi zowuma zimachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zomwe zimachotsedwa mu mawonekedwe ambiri zimadulidwanso. Zotsirizirazo zimafupikitsidwa mpaka gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika.
Ypress ndi chomera cholimbana ndi matenda ndi majeremusi. Tizilombo tofowoka tomwe timakhala ndi tizirombo tomwe timakhala ngati akangaude kapenanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Chithandizo cha tizilombo chimathandizira kuchotsa tizilombo. Ndikamasefukira pansi mobwerezabwereza, muzu mutha kukhazikika. Ndikothekanso kuthawa kungoyambira pokhapokha koyambirira. Nthaka ndi mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi fungicide.
Cypress m'nyumba
Mitengo yolimba ndi zitsamba zingabzalidwe mumphika kuti azikongoletsa chipindacho. Kunyumba, cypress iyenera kupereka chinyezi chambiri komanso kuthirira nthawi zonse. Kutentha kolondola pachaka chonse ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Rhizome imakula mwachangu ndipo imafunikira malo aulere, kotero mbewuzo zimasungidwa zaka zonse 1-3, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera poto ku mphika waukulu.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira njira ndi ma paki ndi paki yayikulu. Amabzala m'magulu kapena mozungulira pakati pa udzu, ngati chofunda chowala. Zitsamba zomwe zimamera pang'ono, ndikulira, ndizoyenera kukongoletsa mwala, munda wamiyala kapena phiri laphiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimakhala malo abwino opangira maluwa owoneka bwino, ndipo nthawi yozizira zimathandizira kusintha dimba losangalatsa kukhala lina lowonekera bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina munyengo yozizira imasintha mtundu kukhala wamtambo kapena wagolide.
