Alyssum ndi maluwa a herbaceous okhala ndi moyo wapachaka kapena wamuyaya. Ndi banja la a Kabichi. M'maluwa, amadziwika ndi mayina a alyssum, mason kapena marine lobularia. Inde, alissum nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi lobularia, koma izi ndizosiyana, mbewu zogwirizana kwambiri. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti maluwa a mitundu ya alissums amapaka utoto wosiyanasiyana wachikasu. Mwachilengedwe, mbewuyo imapezeka mu malo otentha komanso otentha a Eurasia, Africa ndi America. Chifukwa chosasamala, maluwa ambiri owala ndi fungo la uchi, alissum ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka pakupanga kwapangidwe.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Alyssum ndi chomera chachidule 15-25 cm. Mphukira zake zophukidwa kwambiri zimapanga chitsamba chokulirapo kapena chapa. Amadyetsa mbewuyo ndi nthangala yopanda tulo. Pansi pazomwe zimayambira zimakhala ndi nthawi. Mphukira zazing'ono zokutidwa ndi mulu waufupi. Masamba omwe alibe masamba amakula pa iwo. Tsamba lamanyama loumbidwa ndi obovate limaphimbidwanso ndi mulu wa imvi kapena siliva.
Pofika pakati pa Meyi, pamwamba pa tsinde limasandulika kukhala lotakasuka la mtundu wamphesa wokhala ndi mitengo yocheperako. Kapu yamiyala inayi yapakidwa utoto-woyera, wachikaso, wofiirira, wapinki, wofiirira, wofiirira, wofiirira. Pakatikati pa duwa, chifukwa cha stamens, chikufanana ndi chikaso cha chikaso. Kusintha mzake, inflorescence imakondwera nthawi yotentha. Amapatsa fungo lokoma la uchi. Fungo ili limakopa njuchi ndi tizilombo tina tosangalatsa. Alyssum ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri ya uchi. Pambuyo povundukula, mabokosi ang'onoang'ono ambewu amapsa ndi tating'ono, ngati fumbi, nthangala zofiirira.
Zosiyanasiyana za Alissum
Mitundu ya Alissum imaphatikizapo mitundu yopitilira 200 ya zopezeka pachaka komanso zokhala ndi zakale. Alyssum osatha imalephera kuzizira ndipo ndiyabwino kwambiri kumpoto, koma sichikhala pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali. Alyssum pachaka amasangalala ndi maluwa mpaka nthawi yophukira.
Mtsinje wa Alyssum. Wokonda wachikondi wamuyaya wokhala ndi nthambi, zokwawa pansi. Kutengera ndi izi, mitundu ingapo ya alissum yokwanira idapangidwa. Kutalika kwamasamba ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 40. Nthambizo zimakutidwa ndi masamba owuma. Gawo lonse lobiriwira lakutidwa ndi villi yaying'ono. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono agolide ali m'matumba. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Taini Tim - mphukira ndi kutalika kosaposa 8 cm wokutidwa ndi chipewa chofewa ngati chipale chofewa;
- Violet Coning - tchire loyambira 10-15 cm wamtali wamaluwa owala;
- Mfumukazi ku Purple - ampel osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mphukira zazitali komanso inflorescence yofinya ya lilac;
- Esther bonnet - mawonekedwe ochulukirapo okhala ndi malo ogona 20-25 masentimita mu Julayi-September amamasuka kirimu, pinki ndi papo, maluwa a pastel.
Alyssum ndi miyala. Wotalika 25-30 cm wamtali amakula kwambiri nthambi, zikukwera. Amapanga chitsamba chaminga. Masamba obiriwira otuwa amapezeka pafupi. Pamwamba pa tsinde, inflorescence zambiri zowonda zimaphukira ndikufalikira kwamaluwa owala achikasu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Mtsinje wagolide - chitsamba wosaposa 20 cm wokutidwa ndi chipewa cholimba chachikaso;
- Plenum - m'nkhokwe zowuma mpaka 30 cm pamwamba pa nthaka sungunulani masamba agolide;
- Chovala chagolide - chitsamba chowoneka bwino ndi masamba obiriwira amdima obiriwira ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono achikasu achikasu;
- Kapeti oyera ndi chivundikiro pansi ndi maluwa ambiri;
- Zokongoletsa matalala - zokwawa sizimaposa 8 cm pamwamba pa nthaka mu June-August zimabisidwa kwathunthu pansi pa inflorescence yoyera kwambiri
- Bimbo loyera - chivundikiro chapansi mpaka 25cm kutalika kwake ndi corymbose inflorescence yoyera.
Alyssum ndimapiri. Chomera chosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chimakula 10 cm masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. Imayambira pansi ndipo imakwera pang'ono kumapeto. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso masamba achichepere amatakutidwa ndi mulu waifupi waimvi. Kumapeto kwa Epulo, timaluwa tating'onoting'ono tayamba kuphuka, tokhala m'magulu otumphukira, tiziwalo tambiri.
Kukula ndi kubzala
Panthawi yofesa mbewu, alissum ikhoza kufesedwa poyera kapena wowonjezera kutentha kwa mbande. M'munda kumapeto kwa kasupe, mbewu zimagawidwa m'minda yopanda 15 mm. Mbande imaphuka kwambiri nthawi yophukira osati kwambiri, chifukwa njirayi ndi yabwino kwa osatha. Kumagawo akum'mwera komwe kumakhala kufesa mbewu nthawi yozizira. Poterepa, mbande zimawonekera pakati pa kasupe, ndipo mu June maluwa ayamba.
Ndipo ndikosavuta kukula kwa alissum kudzera mbande. Potere, pofika m'mwezi wa Meyi, wokonza dimbayu adzakhala ndi tchire lamaluwa lolimba, pomwepo ndikosavuta kupanga mawonekedwe omwe akufuna. Maluwa otulutsa maluwa amayamba pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2 mutabzala mbewu. M'pofunika kukonzekera mabokosi osaya ndi nthaka yopatsa thanzi. Alyssum imamera pamadothi amchere, ndiye kuti ndimu yotsika pang'ono imalowetsedwa pansi. Mbewu zikuyesanso kugawa pamtunda. Amatsanulira pang'ono m'nthaka, kuthira mafuta ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu.
Chotchingira chimasungidwa pamalo owunikira bwino kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Dziko lapansi limapumira komanso kupopera madzi. Mphukira zimawonekera pambuyo pa masiku 5-8. Pambuyo pa izi, pogona chimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Kubwera kwa tsamba loyamba lenileni, kuphatikiza feteleza ndi mcherewo kumachitika. Mbande zokhala ndi masamba enieni a 2-3 amazimbira mumiphika osiyana. Young alissum imakonda kuzizira, chifukwa chake, maluwa amasungika malo otseguka osati kale kuposa kumapeto kwa Meyi, pomwe ngozi ya chisanu imatha.
Kwa alissum, malo otseguka ndi dzuwa omwe ali ndi dothi lowalidwa amasankhidwa. Maluwa amakhala bwino pakati pa konkriti pamiyala yamiyala. Ngati dothi ndi lachonde kwambiri, mphukira zambiri ndi masamba zimapangika, koma maluwa amakhala ofooka. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala losalowerera kapena lamchere pang'ono.
Makatani amatalikirana, motero, pakati pa mbewu zam'munda umodzi womwewo zimasunga mtunda wa pafupifupi 40. Maenje obzala amawapanga kukhala osaya. Mbande zibzalidwe limodzi ndi miphika ya peat kapena mtanda waukulu wapadziko lapansi, kuti tisawononge mizu yokhazikika. Mutabzala, alissum imadzaza madzi ndi kuwumbika ndi peat.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Veissatively alissum imafalikira kawirikawiri, chifukwa ngakhale mbewu zosatha m'munda nthawi zambiri zimalimidwa ngati chaka chilichonse. Ngati zinali zotheka kukhalabe tchire lalikulu, nthawi ya masika isanayambe maluwa imasiyanitsidwa ndikuwazika. Ndikofunikira kuti tisawononge mizu, chifukwa chake yesani kupulumutsa dzinthu.
M'dzinja, kudula kwa masentimita 8 mpaka 12 kumadulidwa pachitsamba cholimba .. Amayika madzi, ndikutuluka kwa mizu amabzala panthaka. Polumikizana ndi nthaka, zimayambira nthawi zambiri zimazika mizu. Zigawo zitha kugawidwa mu Meyi-Ogasiti ndikuyika malo okhazikika.
Kusamalira Kunja
Alissum safuna kuchita zambiri kuchokera kwa wolima dimba. Ngakhale mbewuyo imawonedwa ngati yolekerera chilala, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira pakamasamba. Pakapanda kugwa mvula, duwa lokhaliramo maluwa limathiriridwa katatu pa sabata, nthaka ikakhala youma mpaka masentimita 3-4. Pafupi ndi mbande zazing'onoting'ono, muyenera kumera udzu nthawi zambiri ndikuchotsa namsongole. Amakonda kwambiri anansi ankhanza.
Kuledzera kwambiri kwa alissum sikofunikira. Kwa osatha, kudyetsa pakati pa 1-2 pachaka ndikokwanira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbewu zimapangidwa manyowa mchaka ndi maofesi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa nayitrogeni. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, njira yokhala ndi mchere wa michere yamaluwa ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu ukuwonjezeredwa. Omwe amathandizira amadya kawiri kawiri.
Chapakatikati, alissum osatha amadulidwa, ndikuchotsa udzu wouma. Pamapeto maluwa, kudulira kukalamba kumathandiza pa mitundu yonse. Chifukwa chake kapeti wobiriwira amawoneka bwino, ndipo kumapeto kwa chilimwe nyengo yobwereza maluwa ndiyotheka.
Alyssums amatha nyengo yozizira pamalo otentha, ngati kutentha sikumatsika -15 ° C. Kumpoto kwa kugwa, nthawi zambiri kumangowonongeka, ndikupanga malo atsopano. Kusunga maluwawo, mu kugwa amakutidwa ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka masamba kapena masamba owala. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimaponyedwa mwapadera. Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pogona panthawi yake kuti mbewu zisakokoloke.
Alyssum imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a chomera, koma pamakoma pamafumbi, osefukira, imakumana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus (mochedwa choipitsa, muzu wowola, powdery mildew). Kuchokera ku matenda, mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi fungicides, Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa sulfate. Monga nthumwi zonse za banja la Kabichi, maluwa atha kugwidwa ndi nthomba yopachika, mbozi, njenjete za kabichi ndi malaya. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza nthawi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Alyssum ndi bwalo labwino kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyala yamiyala, m'minda yamwala, kuti azikongoletsa malire ndi kutsogolo kwa dimba. Alssum imayenda bwino ndi duwa, phlox, osayiwala ine, iris ndi tulips. Nthawi zambiri imabzulidwa limodzi ndi maluwa oyamba kutulutsa maluwa, kuti chimatseka nthaka. Ampel alissum ndiwokongola chimodzimodzi ngati chivundikiro ndipo m'maluwa a maluwa pakhonde ndi khonde. Amakongoletsedwanso ndi mitengo ndi gazebos pamsewu.
Alyssum siokongola kokha, komanso yothandiza. Masamba ndi maluwa amatengedwa kuti akonzekere decoction. Mankhwalawa amapulumutsidwa ku chimfine ndi nthenga, ndimakodzo ndipo amathandizira, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amaso a zotupa ndi khungu lamavuto. Dzinalo limasuliridwa - "motsutsana ndi chiwewe cha galu." M'masiku akale, decoction ya wozunzidwa wa chiwembu chogulitsidwa ndi decoction.
