Eschscholzia ndi masamba osatha okhala ndi maluwa osalala komanso osalala. Ndi banja la poppy ndipo limamera kumadzulo kwa North America. Ku Europe, eshsoltsia adayamba kuwonekera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 Kuyambira pamenepo, mbewu zokhala ndi maluwa owala ngati njenjete zakhala nthawi yayitali m'mapaki ndi m'minda. M'magulu akunyumba, amafanana ndi nyanja zamitundu yambiri zomwe zikuwombana ndi mphepo. Anthu nthawi zambiri amatcha maluwa "California poppy." Kwa kufanana kwa masamba obiriwira ndi chowawa, eschscholzia ikhoza kupezeka pansi pa dzina loti "chowawa".
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Eschscholzia ndi wamuyaya wokhala ndi mizu yoyambira bwino. Mphukira zowongoka kwambiri zimakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimapanga kutalika pafupifupi 40 cm. Nthambi zobiriwira zakuda zomwe zili ndi nthiti zakutidwa ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Amalumikizidwa ndi mphukira ndi mapesi atali. Tsamba lamasamba ndi losalala, lopanda, lophimba ndi buluu sera wokutira.
Maluwa osakwatiwa ndi osavuta komanso awiri. Iwo ndi okongoletsa belu komanso osangalatsa nthawi yonse yotentha. Maluwa amayamba mu Juni, ndipo nthawi zina mu Meyi. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala yopitilira masiku anayi, kotero maluwa akutalika amafotokozedwa ndikusintha kwa mitundu. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti maluwa a escholia ndi diurnal. Usiku komanso nthawi yamitambo amatha.
Kunja, maluwa amafanana ndi tinthu tating'ono kapena njenjete. Mitundu yayitali yokhala ndi yosalala kapena yopindidwa imapezeka mumtundu umodzi kapena zingapo. Amasiyanitsa zosavuta, zochepa pawiri komanso terry eshols. Ziphuphu zitha kupakidwa utoto wofiira, lalanje, wachikasu kapena zoyera. Patatha mwezi umodzi kupukutira, zipatso zimayamba kupsa - mapiritsi okhala ngati mawonekedwe. Zikuwoneka ngati matumba ozungulira, amtundu wautali mpaka 7 cm. Mkati mwake muli mbewu zazing'ono zamtundu wakuda.
Mitundu ya eschscholzia
Ngakhale pali mitundu 12 ya mbewu yonse, 2 mwa iyo ndi yofala kwambiri pachikhalidwe. Kuti muthe kusiyanitsa gawo lamundawo, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera imadulidwa.
Eshsholtsiya California (California poppy). Chomera chokhala ndi mphukira zopyapyala chimakhala ndi udzu wobiriwira wakuda yokutidwa ndi pachimake. Mbali ina ya chitsamba 40 cm yayitali ili pansi. Zomwe zimayambira zimakutidwa ndi masamba amtundu utatu. Pam nsonga zawo muli korona wamaluwa owala owoneka ngati chikho wokhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 9. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba pakati pa Juni ndipo imatha mpaka nyengo yozizira itayamba. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Strawberry minda - maluwa ofiira apawiri komanso okhala pachikasu;
- Maluwa a Apple - maluwa akuluakulu awiri opanga utoto wokhazikika (m'mphepete omwe ma petals amapaka utoto wowala, ndipo pakati amakhala opepuka);
- Apricot chiffon - tchire 35-30 masentimita okwera komanso okutidwa ndi maluwa owala awiri-apulo a apricot hue;
- Mikado - maluwa osavuta achikasu owala ndi mainchesi 6-7 masentimita okhala ndi maziko owala a lalanje;
- Ballerina - terry eschscholzia ndi maluwa akulu owala ndi mainchesi mpaka 15 cm;
- Kuphulika kwa zipatso - maluwa okhala ndi mitundu yambiri yapangidwe amapentedwa ndi utoto wamtundu wachikaso, pinki, maluwa rasipiberi.
Eshsholtsiya sod. Chomera chaudzu pachaka chamachilengedwe. Kutalika kwa mphukira sikupitirira masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mapepala obiriwira obiriwira amatengedwa mu basal rosettes. Pa maluwa ofooka ochepa, owoneka bwino otuwa mwachikasu amatulutsa mainchesi 3 cm. Maluwa amayamba mu June.
Kulima mbewu
Eshsholtzia imafalikira ndi mbewu. Ambiri wamaluwa amadabwa: kubzala maluwa? Mutha kuchita izi mu kugwa (mu Novembala) nthawi yomweyo poyera. Poterepa, mbewuzo zidzasokonekera mwachilengedwe, zimaphukira koyambirira ndipo maluwa amatha kuchokera Meyi. Ngati mbewu zakonzedwa kuti zikhale masika, mbewu zatsopano zimayenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga, kuyikidwa m'matumba a pepala ndikusungidwa mufiriji.
Musanafesere nthangala panthaka, muyenera kusankha malo abwino okhala ndi dothi lotayirira lonyowa. Imapanga masamba osaya ndikuyesa kugawa mbewu zing'onozing'ono. Amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza dothi la 2-4 cm ndikuyanika ndi peat. Zomera zanyengo zimakutidwa ndi masamba okugwa.
Madera akumpoto, ndikofunikira kuti mbande zisanafike kale. Njirayi imakhala yovuta chifukwa chakuti mizu yoyambira ya eschscholzia imawonongeka mosavuta pakugulitsa, motero ndibwino kukula mbande mumapiritsi a peat. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, mbewu pambuyo pa masabata awiri ozizira stratization zimayikidwa mosamala piritsi la peat. Chidebe chokhala ndi mapiritsi chimayikidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Zomera zomwe zimamera kumapeto kwa Epulo zimayamba pang'onopang'ono kupita mumsewu kuti zikhale zolimba kwa masiku 10-12. Pambuyo pokonzekera, mbande zakonzeka kubzala poyera. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa Meyi.
Musanadzalemo, muyenera kukumba ndikukonza dothi. Peat ndi mchenga zimathandizira dothi lolemera. Acidity ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena pang'ono acidic. Nthaka ya acidic yosakanikirana ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena phulusa. Fossae yobzala imapangidwa mosazama kotero kuti khosi la mizu ili pamwamba. Mtunda woyenera pakati pa tchire lomwe limamera ndi 30 cm kapena kupitilira.
Kusamalira mbewu
Eschscholzia siyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Koma chisamaliro chamtengowo ndichofunikira. Amakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka kangapo pa sabata. Thirirani madzi ndi madzi pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuchita kuthirira usiku, dzuwa litasiya kuphika mwamphamvu. Mitundu yokongoletsera imafunikira kuthirira kwambiri, koma eschscholtia soddy ndi yabwino kwa zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi chilala chambiri.
Kangapo pachaka, mbewu zimafunikira kumeza feteleza. Chapakatikati maluwa asanafike, njira yothetsera feteleza wa organic umayikidwa. Panyengo yachilimwe, wina 1-2 akuphatikiza ndi michere yamafuta azomera zamaluwa zimachitika. Eschscholzia imatha kuvutika ndi kuchuluka kwa namsongole, chifukwa chake simungathe kuchita popanda kudula kokhazikika. Kutsegulira dothi kumakoma bwino ndikukula kwa chomera, popeza mpweya umalowa bwino mizu.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzidulira maluwa osokonekera nthawi yomweyo, m'malo mwake masamba atsopano adzawoneka kwambiri ndipo maluwa atenga nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo podulira, nthawi zina kupumula kwa milungu ingapo kumabwera, kenako ndikuyenda kwamaluwa ambiri.
Potseguka eschscholzia nthawi zambiri amalolera ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, koma amasamalira chisanu. Simalola chisanu chochepa kwambiri kufikira -5 ° C, chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri mbewu zimabzalidwa ngati chaka. Mukugwa, mphukira zonse zimadulidwa, ndipo malowo amakumbidwa. Chapakatikati, mbande zatsopano zimabzalidwa.
Kotentha, kouma, tchire limatha kuvutika chifukwa cholowerera nyemba nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nthata za akangaude. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumathandiza kuthana ndi majeremusi (Aktara, Komandor).
Madzi akakhazikika pansi, muzu wowola ndi thonje limayamba. Ngati masamba, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, amatembenuka chikasu ndikufota, izi zikuwonetsa kachilombo kavairasi. Mosasamala mtundu wa matenda, mbewu zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuwonongeka kuti zisafalikire. Kuchokera ku fungal matenda, dothi ndi malo oyandikana nawo amathandizidwa ndi fungicide.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Eschscholzia sikuti amangokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, komanso ndi maubwino ake. Madzi ake ali ndi alkaloids, flavonoids ndi utoto. Akazi a Dyes Native American ankakonda kupanga zodzola. Zogwiritsa ntchito zimapezeka mu gawo lapansi, lomwe limadulidwa ndikumauma nthawi yamaluwa.
Ma alkaloids ali ndi antispasmodic, sedative ndi analgesic zotsatira. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zakumwa zam'madzi ndi makapisozi a gelatin amakonzedwa kuchokera ku eschholzia. M'mayiko ambiri, eschscholzia amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe. Ziphuphu zothandizidwa ndi iye kuti zithetse dzino. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumathandiza kuchepetsa nkhawa mukakumana ndi zovuta. Komanso, adotolo amatha kukupatsirani tincture wa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logona komanso ana omwe ali ndi vuto lolemetsa.
Mankhwalawo sananene kuti akupikisana. Simalimbikitsidwa kwa omwe ali ndi mavuto omwe ali ndi matendawa, ana, komanso kunyambita ndi amayi apakati. Mosamala, sankhani phwando kwa anthu omwe amachita zinthu zomwe zimafunikira chidwi chachikulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Eschscholzia ndi bwino pagulu komanso payekha pamagawo. Maluwa ochulukirapo amafanana ndi nyanja yowala kapena gulu lankhondo lomwe limapumira pa udzu. Maluwa ofewa amawomba mokongola chifukwa cha kuwomba pang'ono kwa mphepo. Nthambi zingabzalidwe m'mbali mwa njanji. Mitundu yachilengedwe imawoneka bwino m'minda yamiyala.
Madera oyandikana ndi maluwa ofunikawa amafunika kusankhidwa mosamala. Amatha kudwala chifukwa cha nkhanza zam'munda ndikuwonongeka chifukwa cha nthumwi za maluwa. Mutha kuphatikiza eschscholtia ndi mbewu za mtundu womwewo. Osiri maluwa oyipa omwe amawoneka ndi salvia, ageratum, lavender ndi mbewu monga chimanga.
