Amorphophallus ndi maluwa okongola omwe ndi a banja la Aroid. Itha kupezeka pamadambo otentha ndi kwam'mwera kwa Africa komanso kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean. Chomera chimakhala chaching'ono kapena kupitirira kukula kwa munthu. M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, amorphophallus amatchedwa "Voodoo Lily", "Duwa la Mdyerekezi", "Cadaveric Flower", "Snake Palm". Zovuta zake zachilendo, ngakhale zili zokongola, zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri. Ndipo komabe, amateurs okongola a amorphophallus si ochepa. Mutha kugula kapena kulamula tubers mumzinda uliwonse waukulu. Kuti chomera chitsegule mu kukongola kwake konse, malamulo azisamaliro ndi mayendedwe amoyo ayenera kutsatiridwa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Amorphophallus ndi mbewu yamuyaya yobzala. Kutalika kwake kumatengera mtunduwu ndipo kumatha kukhala 80cm mpaka 5 m 5. Pali mitundu komanso mitundu yonse yobiriwira yopanda nthawi. Tuber yozungulira yozunguliridwa ndi khungu lokwinya. Kulemera kwake kumakhala kilo 5-8, koma zochulukirapo zowonjezera zimapezekanso.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa tuber tsamba la petiole likufalikira. Nthawi zambiri amakhala yekha, koma mpaka zidutswa zitatu zimatha kuwonekera. Petiole yosalala kapena yoyipa imasiyanitsidwa ndi makulidwe ake akulu ndi mphamvu. Tsamba limakhala chaka chimodzi chokha. Amawoneka pambuyo pa kufa kwa duwa. Tsamba lobiriwira lakuda limakutidwa ndi kanjira ka mitsempha. Chaka chilichonse, masamba akuwonjezereka, ndipo tsamba limayamba kulimba. Pang'onopang'ono, masambawo amafika mamita angapo kudutsa.
Pambuyo pakupumula, duwa limayamba kuwonekera. Kuli kolondola kwambiri kuzitcha kuti inflorescence. Khutu lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika limabisidwa pang'ono ndi bulangeti lalikulu. Ali ndi chida chake chachifupi koma chakuda. Chophimbacho chomwe chimagundika chimapinda ndikupinda mu chubu chowulungika kapena chinagwa. Amorphophallus ndi mbewu zokongola. Pa inflorescence ndi maluwa amphongo ndi amuna, omwe amapatikirana wina ndi mnzake ndi malo osabala.
P maluwa, maluwa a amorphophallus amatulutsa zosasangalatsa, ndipo nthawi zina amangonyansa, kununkhiza. Ingoligwira, fungo limakulirakulira, ndipo kutentha kwa mbewuyo kumakwera mpaka 40 ° C. Asayansi adasanthula fungo ndipo adapezekamo mankhwala omwe ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- tchizi okometsedwa (dimethyl trisulfide);
- chimbudzi (indole);
- nsomba zowola (dimethyl disulfide);
- kutsekemera kwa shuga (mowa wa benzyl);
- masokosi onunkhira (isovaleric acid).
Fungo lomweli limakopa ntchentche, njenjete ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayambitsa kupukusa kwa mbewu. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zimapangidwa pa cob - zipatso zazing'ono zam'madzi zokhala ndi khungu loonda. Zopakidwa zoyera-zapinki, zofiira, lalanje kapena zamtambo. Mkati mwake muli mbeu imodzi kapena zingapo zowuluka.
Mitundu ya amorphophallus
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu ya 170 mpaka 200 yamtundu wa amorphophallus. Mitundu yayikulu:
Amorphophallus titanic. Zomera ndizowona modabwitsa. Imakula 5 m kutalika. Kulemera kwa tuber lalikulu kumaposa 20 kg. Chiphuphu chofikira mpaka mita 2 chimapangidwa ndi bedi lamiyala lam'mphepete. Kunja, chivundikirocho chimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wachikasu, ndipo mkati mwake mumakhala utoto wonyezimira.
Amorphophallus burande. Tuber timabowotcheredwa ndipo ndi mainchesi 20c. 20 Petioles ndi mzere wamtundu wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera komanso oyera. Chipilalachi chimakhala kutalika kwa 60 cm, pamwamba pake pali bulu wazitali wautali wokhala ndi mabatani wooneka ngati belu mpaka 30 cm. Kunyumba, nyamazo ndizosowa, koma zimalimidwa mwachangu kum'mawa ngati mbewu yodyetsa. Mizu yake imaphikidwa ndikudya, komanso yowuma ndikuigwiritsa ntchito monga zokometsera.
Amorphophallus bulbous. Chomera cha kutalika kwa 1-1,5 mita chiri ndi tsamba limodzi. Mbale ya masamba a maolivi imasungidwa magawo angapo. Petioleyo imakutidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni, ndipo pansi pake ndi bulbu yaying'ono. Chidacho chikuyang'aniridwa, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 7-8. inflorescence 25-30 cm kutalika ili pamtunda wakuda. Cob wowawasa amabisa zobiriwira zakudayo kunja ndi chophimba cha pinki-chikasu mkati.
Zomera moyo kuzungulira
Pakutha kwa mwezi wa Marichi, amorphophallus achoka m'malo ake matalala. Tuber yokhala ndi impso zodzuka imayikidwa mu dothi latsopano. Mphukira imakula mwachangu, imafunikira kuthirira komanso kudya pafupipafupi. Chomera choposa zaka 5 chimatha kutulutsa. Pakutha kwa kuphuka, duwa limamasula, limakondwera ndi kukongola kwake kosadziwika kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri. Mitundu ina imabisala maluwa atangotuluka kumene, pomwe ina imakula masamba.
Zomera zokongola za petiole zokutira zimafanana ndi kanjedza. Tsamba limakula mwachangu, koma limangokhala mpaka Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala. Pang'onopang'ono, gawo lonse pansi limadzuka. Pakupuma, kudyetsa kumayimitsidwa, ndikuthilira kumakhala ochepa supuni pamwezi. Kutentha kwa mpweya kuyenera kusungidwa pa + 5 ... +7 0C. Mutha kuyika timizuzire mufiriji.
Njira zolerera
Amorphophallus amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, tuber kugawanika kapena ana. Pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira, ana angapo amapangidwira pa mayi tuber. Pambuyo pouma pansi, chomeracho chimakumbidwa, chimasulidwa ku dothi ndipo ana amaswedwa. Ma tubers onse amasungidwa mufiriji mpaka masika m'chikwama ndi utuchi. Chapakatikati, mbewu zimabzalidwa mumiphika ndi dothi.
Babu wamkulu yemwe ali ndi impso zingapo amatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri. Amachita izi mchaka, pomwe masamba adzuka ndikuwoneka mphukira zazing'ono. Maula amachitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti asawononge impso. Malo omwe ali ndi magawo amayikika makala osalaza. Tizilomboti timawuma kwa maola 24 kenako timabzala m'nthaka.
Amorphophallus samapezeka pamera, chifukwa njirayi imakhala yolimba ndipo mbande zimamera patatha zaka 5-7. Mbewu zibzalidwe mumbale ndi dothi losakaniza dimba, peat ndi vermiculite. Kuzama kwakufika ndi 7-12 mm. Zopezazo zimasungidwa m'malo abwino owala. Mbande zikuyembekezeka mkati mwa masiku 5 mpaka 15. Pakangotha sabata limodzi, mbande zimatulutsa tsamba loyamba.
Malamulo akumalo
Amorphophallus tubers amazika mu kasupe aliyense zaka 1-2. Mizu yake imayamba kuonekera kumtunda kwawo, motero amapangitsa kuti ikamatenge kwambiri. Mphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa tuber ndikukhazikika. Pansi pa chidebe, muyenera kupanga dzenje ndikutsanulira dothi lokumbikakumbika (dongo lokulitsa, shards, ngale).
Malo obzala ayenera kukhala ndi ndale kapena ofooka zamchere. Zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dothi:
- decusuous humus;
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- peat;
- mchenga.
Ndikofunika kuwonjezera makala ndi zidutswa za makungwa a paini pansi. Ana akapatula makolo ake asanawuke, amapanga mphukira yowala pansi pa chomera. Izi sizimamupweteketsa, koma chisamaliro chikuyenera kuthandizidwa pasadakhale za ufulu.
Zosamalidwa
Amorphophallus amatanthauza mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta kuzisamalira.
Kuwala Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala. Imatha kulekezera dzuwa mwachindunji m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana kumafunikira tsiku lonse. M'nyengo yozizira, kuwonjezera nthawi masana, gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kwa msana ndi phytolamp.
Kutentha Kutentha kwachipinda konse kumakhala koyenera chifukwa cha duwa. Kuwombera konse kukauma, muyenera kupeza malo omwe matenthedwe samawonetsa kupitirira + 10 ... + 13 ° C.
Chinyezi. Amorphophallus amafunikira chinyezi chachikulu. Chidutswa chake chikuyenera kumanulidwa tsiku lililonse. Kukhazikika kwa chinyezi pa inflorescence kumabweretsa kufota kwake posachedwa, chifukwa chake, pakakhala maluwa, ndibwino kuyika ma pallets ndi dongo lonyowa pafupi ndi amorphophallus.
Kuthirira. Ndikubwera kwa mphukira zoyambirira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Komabe, madziwo sayenera kumira m'nthaka, mwinanso tuber iwola. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira, nthaka ndi yowuma pang'ono. Osawopa kuchepa chifukwa chachilala, gawo lamkati limadziunjikira madzi okwanira. Amorphophallus ayenera kuthiriridwa m'mphepete mwa mphika kuti madzi asakumane pa tuber. Madzi owonjezera amathiridwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pachinthucho.
Feteleza M'mwezi wa Marichi-Ogasiti, duwa limafunika kuvala pafupipafupi. Amapangidwa masiku 10 mpaka 10 aliwonse. Ndikofunikira kusintha mitundu yachilengedwe (mullein) ndi mineral (phosphorous, nitrogen). Kuperewera kwa feteleza kumatha kudzetsa nthawi yayitali maluwa atafota, ndipo tsamba limakula.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Amorphophallus tubers atha kuvunda ngati atathiriridwa kwambiri. Siziwonongedwa, koma malo owonongeka amadulidwapo, kuchiritsidwa ndi phulusa ndikuuma. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicide sikungakhale kopusa. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri ndi nematode, nthata za akangaude ndi mealybugs. Tizilombo timathandizirana ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo, ndipo ma nematode amalidula pamodzi ndi zidutswa zowonongeka. Pofuna kupewa kubwezeretsanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti dothi ndi ma tubers azichitira.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Amorphophallus amagwira ntchito yokongoletsera bwino za mundawo ndi malo ake. Ngakhale popanda duwa, tsamba lake losasangalatsa limakopa chidwi chochuluka. Pakubwera kwa inflorescences, amorphophallus amatengedwa kupita kumweya watsopano, komwe kununkhira kwake kosokoneza bongo sikungavutike kwambiri.
Ma Tubers a amorphophallus cognac amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Amafanana ndi kukoma kwa mbatata. Ku Japan, malonda amawonjezedwa ndi sopo ndi nyama. Ufa wouma wa tuber umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Zakudyazi ndi mitundu ina ya tchizi chofufumitsa. Imagwiritsanso ntchito ngati maziko a zinthu zambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Amakhulupiriranso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito amorphophallus tubers kumatsuka matumbo ndikuchepetsa thupi.
