Kuperewera kwa mavitamini achibadwa kumakhudza thupi la munthu m'nyengo yozizira. Kusapsa kwa dzuwa, masamba ndi zipatso kumadzetsa kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, kutaya kwa vitamini ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a ARVI. Komabe, matekinoloje amakono amachititsa kuti, ngakhale nyengo yozizira, kupeza zinthu zokwanira zothandiza - mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku zipatso zouma. Lero tiwonanso momwe tingayamire masamba kuti tizikhala m'nyengo yozizira, momwe tingakolole, momwe tingasungire bwino ndi kudya zakudya zotere.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira iyi
Kuyanika ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yosungira ndi kusungira katundu m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, njira iyi ili ndi zinthu zabwino komanso zovuta.
Zotsatira
- kusungira zipatso nthawi yaitali;
- Kupulumutsa malo pakusungirako mankhwala omalizidwa;
- zambiri zotetezera katundu ndi mavitamini a chipatso;
- njira yosavuta yokonzekera, poyerekeza ndi salting kapena roll-in;
- kuthekera kwa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa zipatso zouma ndi masamba (poyerekezera ndi zamzitini);
- Kutseguka kwa ntchito zowuma, kuteteza kukoma kwake ndi zakudya;
- Kukhoza kuuma zipatso zomwe sizili zoyenera salting.
Wotsutsa
Kuipa kwa njirayi ndi:
- kuperewera kwa kulemera kwake ndi kuchuluka kwa mwana wosabadwa mu mawonekedwe omalizidwa - amatayika mpaka 90%;
- kuperewera kwa mavitamini komanso zopindulitsa za chipatsochi - chipatsochi chimachepera 30% cha mchere ndi vitamini C;
- Chifukwa cha kutayika kwa chinyezi, zipatso zimakhala zouma, nthawi zina zovuta, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukonza kwawo mtsogolo;
- kuyanika sikuyenera kwa zipatso zonse za masamba;
- kuvutika kwa kusunga zouma zowuma - nthawi zambiri nkhungu imabvula zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Kukonzekera kwa njira yosungirako monga kuyanika, asayansi akubwezereranso ku nyengo ya Neolithic - pafupi zaka 9000 BC. er Chifukwa cha kuzirala kwa dziko lapansi, anthu akale ankayenera kugula chakudya cha m'tsogolo, chifukwa chakuti iwo anakakamizidwa kuti aziuma mizu, masamba, ndi masamba.
Kodi ndiwo zamasamba zotani?
Mitundu yambiri yomwe imayenera kuyanika masamba m'nyengo yozizira ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Ndizodabwitsa kuti zipatso zokhazokha zomwe sizingathe kudwala ndizoyenera kukolola. Dya zokhazokha zokha za mankhwala omwe amadya - palibe nsonga kapena mizu. 
Mukhoza kuyuma pafupifupi chirichonse - kuchokera ku udzu winawake mpaka mbatata. Kuyanika kaloti, tsabola ndi beets zimakonda - zimakhala kukonzekera kwa borscht. Zakudya zouma zouma zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mbatata, ndipo zouma za parsley ndi katsabola zimapereka zakudya zatsopano komanso zokoma m'nyengo yozizira. Anyezi wouma ndi adyo amapeza piquancy yapadera mu mawonekedwe owuma, omwe mwanjira yatsopano amavomereza kukoma kwa mbale.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti njira zoterezi monga kusungirako ndi pickling sizingapangitse zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo sizipindulitsa thupi, chifukwa cha mchere ndi vinyo wosasa. Mukamayanika, palibe zonunkhira kapena mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimateteza kukoma ndi vitamini zomwe zimapangidwa. Zomera zouma ndizomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri zomwe zilipo mwa atsopano awo.
Mukudziwa? Masamba ndi zitsamba - chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe chingayume mwachibadwa, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira magetsi.
Chimene sichikulangizidwa
Mwachizoloŵezi, njira yowuma siigwiritsidwe ntchito kwa masamba omwe ali oposa 85% madzi, chifukwa pamene ali okonzekera motero amalephera kuchulukitsa kwambiri ndipo zokolola zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- letesi la madzi oundana;
- nkhaka;
- radish;
- kabichi yoyera;
- chivwende.
Kukonzekera ndiwo zamasamba zowuma
Kuyanika ndi zakudya zabwino zam'nyengo - nthawiyi sichidziwika bwino ndi mankhwala komanso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ndi minerals. Pamene mukukolola ku chiwembu chanu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito 2-3 kukolola ndiwo zamasamba - zipatso zotere zimapeza juiciness ndi kutchulidwa kukoma. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso zamphamvu, zathanzi, popanda kuwononga khungu kapena kuvunda.
Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kumata tomato wobiriwira mu mawonekedwe odulidwa - madzi omwe asankhidwa amamatira kumatope a zowuma, zomwe zimawathandiza kukhala osagwira ntchito. Pokolola tomato poyanika, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yochepa yokha yomwe mungaike kwathunthu (mwachitsanzo, tomato yamatchire).
- Mbatata. Zamasamba ziyenera kusankha mitundu yochedwa, popeza ili ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya wowuma. Ndikofunika kuti chipatso cha mbatata chikhale ndi khungu lofewa, losalala, lopanda maso komanso minofu - kotero sizingachepetse ntchito. Tubers amatsukidwa bwino m'madzi ozizira, ndiye chipatso chimapulidwa. Asanayese, peeled ndi kudula zigawo za mbatata ayenera kusungidwa m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi zitatu ndikuzizira m'madzi ozizira. Mbatata yophika motero amasunga zakudya zawo. Tsopano mbatata ndi okonzeka kuti ziume.
- Beetroot. Zipatso zimasankhidwa ndi kuwala, kofiira - izi zimasonyeza kukhwima ndi juiciness. Njuchi zimatsuka m'madzi ozizira, ndiye zophika kwa mphindi 25. Pambuyo pa tizilombo tomwe takhazikika m'madzi ozizira, ayenera kuchotsedwa pakhungu ndikudula zigawo kuti ziume.
- Karoti. Zipatso zabwino kwambiri zokolola zili ndi mtundu wowala. Maphunziro oyambirira akuchitika, monga a beets, nthawi yokha yophika imachepetsedwa mphindi 15. Pofuna kuteteza zipatso za chipatso chimenechi ngati n'kotheka, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya blanching yokonzekera.
- Kolifulawa. Pakuti kuyanika bwino kabichi ndi kuchotsa masamba onse, phesi ndi kuwonongeka madera. Gawani ma inflorescences m'madera ang'onoang'ono, asambe bwino ndi kuwachepetsa kwa mphindi 10 mumchere wamchere (izi zidzapulumutsa mankhwala kuchokera ku mbozi ndi nsabwe za m'masamba). Ndiye muyenera kuthira zipatso pa madzi otentha kwa mphindi 25. Kolifulawa tsopano yakonzeka kuyanika.
- Selari ndi horseradish. Mizu imatsukidwa bwino, imayidwa kuti iume. Tsukani pa coarse grater ndipo pangani kuyanika muzitsulo. Madzi owuma amafunika kugawanika mu ufa. Ndizodabwitsa kuti pakuyanika horseradish kumataya malo ake okoma ndi 70%.
- Tsabola wofiira wofiira. Zipatsozi zouma bwino, ndipo zowonongeka, tsabola wouma, mbewu ndi peduncles zimachotsedwa.
- Nyemba zobiriwira. Pokolola, mitundu ya peyala yamtundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pokonzekera nandolo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito blanching m'madzi otentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito - 1-2 mphindi ya nandolo yaying'ono, ndi mphindi zitatu - zazikulu. Pambuyo pa njirayi, nandolo imatentha mozizira m'madzi ozizira ndipo imaloledwa kuti iume. Tsopano mankhwalawa ndi okonzeka kuyanika.
- Zomera. Zitsamba zokhala ndi zokometsera monga parsley, sipinachi, nettle, katsabola, basil, timbewu tonunkhira, arugula, ndi zina, ndizo zabwino kwambiri zowuma. Masana asanatsuke m'madzi ozizira, kuchotsa fumbi ndi dothi kuchokera kumapazi. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zazing'ono. Mizu ndi masamba oonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa. Udzu woyera umadulidwa, ndikuwoneka pamwamba ndikuwuma mwachilengedwe.
- Katsitsumzukwa. Masamba ayenera kusambitsidwa m'madzi ozizira, kudula mbali zovuta, kuloledwa kuti ziume. Pambuyo pake, nyemba zamasamba zimamangidwa pa chingwe - tsopano katsitsumzukwa kokonzeka mu uvuni.
- Rutabaga. Ndi bwino kusankha zipatso ndizozungulira, ndi khungu lochepa, ndi mtundu wofanana wa peel. Swede yoyera ndi yophika m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi khumi, kenako nkuyenda mwatsatanetsatane.
Phunzirani momwe mungakhalire cilantro, sorelo, zobiriwira anyezi, zukini, sikwashi, parsnip, broccoli, bowa m'nyengo yozizira.
Kusamba ndi kucha
Kusungunuka - Njira yothetsera kutentha kwa mankhwala, kumene kuli kuthetsa kwapadera ndi kupsya mtima kwa masamba. Ndondomekoyi imaphatikizapo kumizidwa kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kwa chipatso m'madzi otentha (kuwiritsa kawirikawiri kumakhala osapitirira mphindi 10). Mankhwalawa ndi njira yokonzera mankhwala ndi mpweya wotuluka kuchokera ku madzi otentha. Njirayi imapangidwira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuwononga mabakiteriya osayenera.
Kuzunguza ndi kutentha ndizofunika kuti musanamwe masamba ambiri (chokhacho ndi masamba). Mankhwalawa amakhalabe ndi phindu la chipatsocho, amawayeretsa fumbi ndi mankhwala owopsa (ngati mankhwalawa amachizidwa ndi poizoni kapena poizoni kuchokera kumatenda). Komanso, njira zoterezi zimachepetsera zipatsozo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri pakuwuma, komanso zimathandiza kuti chipatsocho chikhale ndi mavitamini ambiri panthawi yowuma. 
Njira zowanika kwambiri
Ngati amayi oyambirira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mavuni komanso dzuwa kuti liume zamasamba ndi zipatso, zipangizo zamakono zamakono zimapereka ovuniki ambiri ndi zowuma, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri kuti zizikonzekera, ndikuzisunga. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane njira iliyonse yokonzekera.
Ŵerenganiponso za maonekedwe a kuyanika yamatcheri, plums, maapulo, mapeyala, strawberries, currants, mphesa, cranberries, blueberries, zakutchire, hawthorn, cornel, chokeberry, komanso malalanje ndi mandimu zokongoletsa.
Kunja
Njira iyi ili ndi zovuta zambiri kuposa zopindulitsa. Choyamba, siyense amene ali ndi mwayi wowuma pamtunda - masamba omwe ali pamzere amafunika malo ambiri ndi malo apamwamba, mwinamwake kuyanika sikungatheke. Ndiponso, ndi njira iyi yokolola, pali mwayi waukulu wa kuwonongeka kwa chipatso cha midge, njuchi kapena mbalame - madzi owongolera a mankhwalawa ndi nyambo kwa tizilombo.
Zimakhala zovuta kufufuza njira yowuma - dzuwa lowotcha likhoza kutembenuzira thupi lamadzi wonyezimira mu makala, ndi mvula yodzidzimutsa - kuwonongeka kwathunthu. Musaiwale kusuntha ndi kutembenuzira chipatsocho, chifukwa yunifolomu yawo imawuma. Chovuta chachikulu cha njirayi ndi nthawi ya ndondomekoyi - mpaka masiku 4, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ubwino wa zomwe zatha. 
Njirayi ndi yoyenera chifukwa cha zomera - dzuŵa ndi mpweya wabwino zimatulutsa udzu kukhala wouma. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti palibe chinyezi chomwe chimapezeka pa udzu wouma. Sitikulimbikitsanso kufalitsa masamba patsiku lotentha - pakali pano, udzu ndi masamba adzatentha mwamsanga. Ndi bwino kumthunzi mthunzi woyenera mu nyengo yozizira, youma, yopanda mphepo.
Kusuntha ndi njira ina yosavuta komanso yothandiza yosunga chakudya. Mukhoza kufesa masamba, mbatata, tomato, nkhaka, kaloti, chimanga, broccoli, rhubarb, ziphuphu za Brussels, zukini, biringanya, dzungu, beets, bowa (uchi wamagaric, champignon, porcini bowa, bowa oyster).
Mu dryer yamagetsi
Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri komanso yamakono - mu chipangizo chapadera mungathe kuuma zipatso mu maola angapo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zowonjezera zamagetsi zimalimbikitsa zipatso kuchokera kumbali zonse, chifukwa cha ntchito ya air convection. Pali lamulo lomwe limayendetsa nthawi yokolola masamba mu zowuma zamagetsi: muyenera kuyika khungu la chipatso pansi, ndipo zamkati zingatheke kufulumizitsa njira yopangira madzi.
Monga lamulo, zowonjezera zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito pakhomo zimakhala ndi miyeso yaing'ono, zomwe zimawathandiza kuyenda ndi ntchito. Mu zitsanzo zina, galasi yowonjezerapo imaperekedwa - imapangidwira kuyanika kwa zipatso zazing'ono, monga nandolo, tomato yamatcheri, ndi zina zotero. Monga lamulo, kutentha kwakukulu pamene kuyanika muzitsulo ndi kuchokera +40 ° С mpaka +60 ° С. 
Mu uvuni
Njira yowuma masamba mu uvuni imakhalanso ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kudzoza. Zinakhala zotchuka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zipangizo zomwe zilipo - pafupifupi aliyense wogwira alendo amakhala ndi uvuni kukhitchini masiku ano.
Pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni monga dryer, m'pofunikira kuphimba pepala lophika ndi mapepala, kukonza masamba okolola, kuika tebulo pamwamba pa alumali ndi kutsegula pa uvuni pamtunda wochepa. Khomo liyenera kukhala lotseguka. Pambuyo pa mphindi 25, muyenera kusuntha ndiwo zamasamba mpaka mutha.
Chonde dziwani kuti ngati zowonongeka mu uvuni zikupitiriza kutulutsa madzi, ndiye kuti sizinaume. Ngati chipatso chaphwanyidwa panthawi ya kupanikizika, izi zimasonyezanso kuti palibe chomwe chikupezeka.
Chosavuta cha njira iyi yokonzekera ndifunika kuyanika masamba m'njira zambiri - ngati muwawotcha mu ng'anjo nthawi yomweyo, adzawoneka ngati osokoneza. Choncho, nthawi zambiri ndiwo zamasamba zimakonzedwa motere kwa masiku 2-3. 
Kuti mukonzekere bwino ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito uvuni wamagetsi.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha mu uvuni pamene kuyanika masamba sayenera kupitirira +60 °C. Popanda kutero, chipatso chidzatentha kapena chidzatayika.
Mu microwave
Kuyanika masamba mu microwave kumatchuka kwambiri. Chinyengo chachikulu cha njira iyi: Kuchepetsa zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba zimachepetsedwa, mofulumira adzauma. Chosavuta cha njira iyi yokonzekera ndizosatheka kokolola zipatso zambiri - choncho njirayi ndi yabwino pokhapokha ngati mukufunika kuyuma mwamsanga chochepacho.
Kuthamanga kwa magetsi mu uvuni wa microwave kumakulolani kutentha mwamsanga ndi kuumitsa mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa njira iyi mofulumira kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mofulumira zamasamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mavitamini ochepa omwe ayenera kukhala "othawirapo" kuchokera pamenepo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ngati chipatsocho chimachepetsedwa ndi makulidwe oposa 2 cm, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timadutsa mkati mwake, timataya mpaka 50 peresenti ya mphamvu zawo - izi zimachepetsanso kufulumira kwa zopangira kuphika. 
Komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa ndi microwaves kumachitika mofanana, mosiyana ndi kuyanika mu uvuni.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zouma zowonongeka zingathe kudyedwa mu mawonekedwe owuma. Komabe, n'zotheka kubwezeretsa chakudya chawo: mwa kuthira chipatso kwa maola 2-3 m'madzi. Kukoma kwa chipatso chidzakhala chosiyana ndi mankhwala oyambirira.
Momwe mungasunge zamasamba zouma kunyumba
Mfundo yaikulu yosungirako yosungidwa yowuma: kuchotsa chinyezi ndi chinyezi mu zamasamba zouma. Choncho, njira yabwino yosungiramo ndalama imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ndibwino kusungirako mankhwala ouma m'mitsuko ya galasi ndi chivindikiro chotsekedwa, kapena m'zida za pulasitiki zamakudya. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutseka chisindikizo chabwino cha chidebe kuti zisawonongeke kuti zisawonongeke.
Chonde dziwani kuti simungathe kusunga zinthu zowuma mu thumba la pulasitiki - ndi momwe nkhungu imayambira. Musaiwale kuti kawirikawiri muziwongolera zoperekazo, ponyani zipatso zowonongeka, zouma, ngati n'koyenera, zamasamba zamasamba.
Poona njira zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera zowonjezera nyengo yozizira, tinganene kuti kukolola mankhwalawa ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe idzapatsa banja lonse mavitamini othandiza komanso kufufuza zinthu m'nyengo yozizira. Kuphatikizira malamulo oyambirira ndi ndondomeko pazokolola zamasamba, simungathe kuchita khama ndipo mwakufuna kwina mukukonzekera zamasamba zouma kunyumba.
