Pokula nkhaka, alimi amakumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a mbewuyi.
Mmodzi mwa owopsya amachitidwa kuti ndi fusarium wilt, zomwe zingayambitse imfa ya chomeracho.
Kodi Fusarium ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani chomwe chikuwonetseredwa ndi momwe mungachitire nacho.
Kodi ndi zoopsa ndipo zimachokera kuti?
Chomwe chimayambitsa tsamba wilting chimatentha kwambiri ndi zomera, zimayamba kutentha kwambiri pamwamba pa 38ºС. Ndipo kutentha kwa nthaka pamwamba pa 25ºС kungachititse kuti chiwonongeko chiwonongeke. 
Chifukwa china ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa spores wa bowa Verticillium kapena Fusarium oxysporum. Kuchokera kotereku kumatchedwa fusarium kapena tracheomycotic. Pankhaniyi, sikuti masamba okhawo akutha, komanso chitsamba chonse.
Spores kulowa chomera kudzera mufooka mizu ndi kuvulala masamba. Fusarium imakula mofulumira kutentha, kuthirira madzi okwanira, komanso mu nyengo yotentha chifukwa chakuti m'mitengo yobiriwira nthaka nthawi zambiri sichitha kuchiritsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zina spores za bowa zimapita ku zomera pamodzi ndi madzi ochokera kumalo osungirako zachilengedwe, ngati akuwothirira.Vuto la matendawa ndilo kuti matendawa adayamba kale, ndipamwamba kwambiri kuvulazidwa koopsa. Ndipotu poyambirira ndizosatheka kuzizindikira, zimangowoneka pa zomera zazikulu panthawi ya maluwa.
Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi nthata kapena mbande. Nthaka imayambitsanso matenda, koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala nkhaka zowonjezera kutentha kapena pamene zimakula m'dera limodzi kwa zaka zingapo mzere. 
Zizindikiro za maonekedwe
Pamene fusarium imakhudza mitsempha ya chitsamba. Pa kudula kwa masamba ndi zimayambira zikuoneka mitsuko yamdima. Pang'ono ndi kukayikira kwa matenda, mtanda umapangidwa ndipo chomeracho chimafufuzidwa kukhalapo kwa gulu lofiira.
Onani nkhaka zosiyanasiyana monga "Colonel weniweni", "Masha f1", "Wopikisana", "Zozulya f1", "Nezhinsky", "German f1", "Courage".Fusarium imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuvunda kwa khosi lalikulu ndi mizu. Kumalo amenewa, tsinde limakula ndi lofiirira, ndipo masamba amayamba kutembenuka. Chomera chimayamba kufota ndi kufa. Komanso imamasula bwino, ndipo patapita maluwa, ovary amafa kunja.
Njira zothandizira
Fusarium wilting wa nkhaka ndi owopsa chifukwa palibe njira yeniyeni yothetsera nkhondoyo, kotero pamene atafunsidwa momwe angamenyane nayo, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matenda ndiyo kuteteza matenda kudzera mwa njira zothandizira. 
Popeza spores wa bowa amalowa m'nthaka kudzera m'nthaka, njira yaikulu yothandizira ndi nthaka. Amatetezedwa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi madzi otentha kapena sideratami, i.e. zobiriwira feteleza zopangidwa kuchokera ku mpiru, lupine.
Ndikofunika kusunga ulamuliro wa kutentha, kuti usadwale nthaka. Nkhaka mbande zowumitsidwa mu greenhouses, kotero kuti masamba a akuluakulu zomera sakhala ocheperachepera.
Mukudziwa? Mawu "nkhaka" lochokera ku Chigiriki chakale "aguros"izo zikutanthauza chosapsa, kamwana.
Kuonjezerapo, nkofunikira kuchotsa tchire chokhudzidwa, ndikusankha mitundu yosagwira matenda kuti ibzalidwe.
Agrotechnical receptions
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha nkhaka, m'pofunika kuyang'anira luso la kukonzekera magawo ndikuwona momwe amagwiritsira ntchito. 
Zimalimbikitsanso kusintha gawoli nthawi ndi nthawi kuti mbewu zowonjezereka zikhazikitsidwe.
Pofuna kulimbikitsa ndi kukonza nkhaka, kompositi kapena humus imayambira mu nthaka. Samasulani nthaka kuti ikhale ndi mizu ndi oxygen. Mawotchi ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuthirira mowa, kupewa mvula yambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya nkhaka imapangidwira kukhetsa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku chipatso. M'mawa amatha kuona mame akugwa.Kubudula tchire ndi kukolola kwa nthawi yake kumachepetsa kuchepetsa katunduyo pamtunda, chifukwa chake chimakhala cholimbana ndi matenda.
Kukonzekera kwa kufota kwa nkhaka
Kulimbana ndi kuuma kwa nkhaka nthawi zambiri sikokwanira, chifukwa causative wothandizira wa matendawa amasonyeza kukana kwambiri. Komabe, ganizirani mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso othandiza. 
Zamoyo
Pakati pa biopreparations, mankhwala a Trichodermin, omwe adalengedwa chifukwa cha mavuto a Trichoderma, ndiwo othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi fusarium. Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya mankhwala kumatenga masiku angapo musanayambe kuika nthaka.
Kenaka, gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu kwa nthaka ndipo zimayambira kuyimitsidwa. Mankhwala ena ogwira ntchito m'gulu lino ndi Baktofit, Trihofit ndi Planriz. Monga njira yowonetsera, amathira mbewu ndi gawo lapansi.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta nkhaka, makamaka ndi midges, powdery mildew.
Mankhwala
Mafungicides ambiri samakhudza kwambiri bowa. Pazoyesera, zotsatira zokhutiritsa zinaperekedwa ndi mankhwala "Readzol". Iwo amachiritsidwa ndi mbewu asanabzalidwe.
Komanso, mutabzala mbewu, ndi bwino kuthirira nthaka ndi yankho la Previkur Energy (kuchepetsa 0.15%). 
Kumayambiriro koyambako matendawa, Quadris, Gymnast, Acrobat MC, ndi Maxim angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochitira tchire. Poonjezera kukaniza, mbewu ndi mbande zimaperekedwa ndi Humisol.
Folk
Nkhondo ya Fusarium ikuchitika ndi njira zambiri Mmodzi wa iwo akupopera ndi whey yankho. 4 malita a seramu amawonjezeredwa ku malita 10 a madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Sulphate yamkuwa ingapangidwe ku njira iyi (1.5 tsp.).
Kodi n'zotheka kumenyana ndi gawo lachitukuko cha chitukuko
Tsoka ilo, pamsinkhu wapamwamba sitingathe kulimbana ndi matendawa. Zitsamba zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. Sungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kompositi. Mitengo yoyandikana nayo ikutsatiridwa ndi njira imodzi yomwe ili pamwambayi. 
Mitundu yotsutsa
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli ndi kusankha nkhaka mitundu yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Izi ndi mitundu yambiri ya hybrid yomwe imatchedwa F1. Nazi mndandanda wa zinyama zotchuka kwambiri:
- Ryabinushka;
- Dunyasha;
- Chabwino;
- Zhukovsky;
- Vityaz;
- Caprice;
- Sir;
- Bunny.
