Aucuba ndi mtengo wokongoletsa komanso wopatsa chidwi kuchokera kubanja la Garieva. Amakhala ku China, Japan komanso mapiri a Himalayan. Chikhalidwe chokongola ichi chimakopa masamba akuluakulu ndikufalikira kwa mawanga achikasu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsera zachilengedwe izi, aucuba nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "mtengo wagolide." Apaulendo adabweretsa maluwa ku Europe m'zaka za zana la 17. Kuyambira pamenepo, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera yatuluka. Amakula m'minda ndi m'nyumba, ndipo sizovuta kusamalira tchire lachilendo.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Aucuba ndi chitsamba chamtengo wobiriwira kapena mtengo wawung'ono. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwambiri kwa mtengowo ndi 4 m, koma m'nyumba nthawi zambiri sizidutsa masentimita 180. Pa nthambi pafupifupi kuchokera pansi mphukira zimapangidwa. Amakutidwa ndi khungwa losalala lobiriwira ndi madontho ofiira kapena ofiira kumunsi. Tsamba lakugwa masamba limasungidwa pa khungwa.
Masamba obala petiolate ndi obiriwira amdima. Nthawi zambiri pamtunda wa pepalalo pamakhala matanga, madontho kapena matizidwe amitundu yosiyanitsa. Kutalika kwa tsamba kumakhala pafupifupi 13 cm.
Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba ku aucuba mu febru-Epiri, komabe, kunyumba, maluwa ndi osowa kwambiri. An inflorescence mu mawonekedwe a burashi kapena panicle limamasula pamwamba pa mphukira. Ma corollas ang'onoang'ono adapangidwa ndi matani ofiira. Aucuba ndi chomera chamtengo wapatali. Ndiye kuti, pali anthu omwe amapanga mitundu yaimuna ndi ya akazi okhaokha. Pofuna kupukuta ndi kubereka, muyenera kukhala ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana.
Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, zipatso zofiira (ma drupes) zimaphuka pamwamba pa nthambi. Pansi pa zamkati zamasamba amabisa mbewu imodzi. Simungadye zipatso za aucuba, popeza ndi zapoizoni kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Aucuba
Mitundu ya Aucuba ndiyabwino kwambiri, idalemba mitundu 10 yokha yazomera. Nayi ena a iwo:
Aucuba ndi Japan. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mchikhalidwe. Ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse zokhala ndi masamba opindika, osalala. Masamba a Petiole akutsutsana. Pulogalamu yamtundu wamtambo wamtambo uli ndi m'mphepete mozungulira komanso mbali yosalala kapena yolowera mbali. Pambuyo pa pollination, pamwamba pa korona amakongoletsedwa ndi zipatso zowala za lalanje. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Variegata - masamba obiriwira obiriwira ophimbidwa ndi malo oyera oyera;
- Dothi la Golide - masamba ena owoneka bwino okhala ndi miyala yokongola ya golide;
- Dentata - masamba obiriwira a monophonic pali mano otchulidwa m'mphepete;
- Picturata - pakati penipeni pa tsamba lotuwa ndi utoto wachikasu, ndipo mikwingwirima yamdima yopanda mawonekedwe imakhala kumapeto.
Aucuba Himalayan. Masamba aatali komanso opapatiza owala obiriwira omwe amakhala ndi madontho a golide amodzi pachimake pa mphukira. Maluwa amayamba mu Marichi. Ma cystic inflorescence a burgundy hue pachimake pamwamba pa mphukira. Pambuyo pakuvota, amasinthidwa ndi zipatso zofiirira za oblong ndi fupa lalikulu.
Kuswana
Aucuba imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi zodula, zosadukiza. Pakubzala, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano zokha. Amawaviika kwa masiku awiri mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, kenako nkufesedwa mu chisakanizo cha mchenga-kuya mpaka ma cm 01. Mabokosiwo amaphimbidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika m'chipinda ndi kutentha pafupifupi + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Zomera zatsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndikuwazidwa pa mfuti. Kuwombera kumawoneka pang'onopang'ono komanso kosavuta mkati mwa miyezi 1-3. Pambuyo pogona izi zimatha kuchotsedwa. Masamba enieni atatu akapezeka mbande, amazimbira mumiphika yosiyana ndi dothi lotayirira. Maluwa samayembekezeredwa kale kuposa chaka chachinayi mutabzala. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolereka siziwuza nthawi yomweyo kugonana kwa mbewu.
Aucuba odula mizu mophweka, chifukwa chake olima maluwa nthawi zambiri amakonda kudula nthangala kufesa. Dulani mphukira za apical zomwe zalimbikitsidwa mu Marichi-Ogasiti. Phesi iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi masamba 2-3 athanzi. Mizu imachitika mu dothi lamchenga kapena mumchenga wokha. Kutentha kwa dothi kuyenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Zodulidwa zimayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Atazika mizu, amazidulira m'miphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi nthaka yachonde.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti masamba aucuba akhalebe okopa komanso mbewu zikuchulukirachulukira, ayenera kuwunika malamulo angapo posamalira.
Kubzala ndi kufalitsa mbewu zakonzedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Muyenera kutola mphika wapakatikati. Iyenera kukhala yayikulu pang'ono kuposa yoyamba ija, koma osati yayikulu kwambiri. Mbale, dongo zokulitsidwa kapena zidutswa za njerwa zofiira zimatsanuliridwa pansi. Dothi la aucuba liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi, komanso kukhala ndi acidity. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizira turf ndi masamba dothi, masamba a humus, mchenga ndi peat. Kuika kuyenera kuchitika mosamala, popeza mizu imathyoledwa mosavuta. Izi zimatha kudzetsa matenda. Panthawi ya njirayi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyang'anitsitsa bwino mizu ndikuchotsa madera owola.
Aucuba iyenera kulimidwa m'malo abwino. Chomera chimafuna kuwala kowala. Ndikofunikira makamaka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Dzuwa mwachindunji nyengo yotentha kapena masana a chilimwe amatsutsana. Zimatha kuyambitsa.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya ku Aucuba ndi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Pakatentha, mbali ya masamba imatha kutayika. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kupita kutchire kupita kumlengalenga. Amasungidwa kuti asatulukire dzuwa ndipo amatetezedwa kuti asinthe. M'nyengo yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha pang'ono, koma osachepetsa pansi + 10 ... + 14 ° C.
Aucuba imakhala momasuka ndi chinyezi chambiri chachipinda. Ndikofunika kupopera nthawi ndi nthawi ndikusamba pansi pesamba yofunda 2-3 pachaka. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikakhala ozizira, kusamba ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatsutsana.
Thirirani ndi aucub pafupipafupi, koma pang'ono. Pakati kuthirira, nthaka iyenera kuuma masentimita 3-4. Chomera chimalekerera chilala pang'ono kuposa kusefukira nthaka.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, aucub amayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe chakudya chamafuta ndi michere. Za feteleza gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira zokongoletsera za masamba.
Kuti tchire la aucub likhale ndi mawonekedwe okongola, tsinani nsonga za mphukira kuyambira paubwana. Izi zimalimbikitsa mapangidwe a njira zamkati. Chaka chilichonse, kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, aucuba amadulidwa ndipo korona amawumbidwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
M'zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso chinyezi chambiri, aucub amatha kudwala matenda a fungus. Zitha kuthana ndi mizu munthawi yothirira komanso kuthirira kwamadzi munthaka. Ngati aucuba wasiya wakuda, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kuzika kwamizu. M'pofunika kudula mbali zonse za mbewuyo, kuchita mankhwalawa ndikusintha dothi.
Nthawi zambiri, nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, timene timayamwa timadzi timene timakhala pa aucuba. Zomera zopatsirana ziyenera kutsukidwa mu bafa, kusonkhanitsa tizilombo ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Madzi a Aucuba ali ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala oletsa kuponderezana. Masamba amathandizira mabala ndi kutupa pakhungu. Ngakhale kungokhala m'chipindacho, aucuba imagwira ntchito. Imatsuka mpweya komanso kumenyera kufalikira kwa ma virus ndi ma tizilombo tina.
Komabe, aucuba imatha kukhala yoopsa. Mukamagwira nawo ntchito, muyenera kusamala, chifukwa magawo onse azomera ndi oopsa kwambiri. Mukatha kulumikizana ndi khungu, sambani m'manja bwino. Zomera zimateteza kwa ana ndi nyama kuti zisadye zipatso ndi masamba. Ngakhale kuluma kakang'ono kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni wazakudya, kukwiya m'mimba, komanso kutuluka magazi.
