Chemeritsa ndi mbewu ya herbaceous osatha wochokera ku banja la a Melantius. Itha kupezeka ku Eurasia konse. Ngakhale ku Roma wakale, duwa lidali lotchuka ngati chida chothandiza polimbana ndi makoswe ndi tizilombo. Ngakhale masamba okongola ndi ma inflorescence odabwitsa amakongoletsa mundawo, mizu ndi mphukira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi kulima dimba kuthana ndi tiziromboti. Chemeritsa imadziwikanso ku Russia pansi pa mayina "puppeteer", "veratrum", "chemerka".
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Chemeritsa ndi udzu wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba wokhala ndi tsinde lolimba. Muzu wokhazikika uli pafupi ndi nthaka. Zinthu zambiri zoyipa mpaka 3mm kuchokera pamtunda zimachoka pamenepo mwakuya kwambiri. Kutalika kwa gawo lapansi ndi masentimita 50-150. Kuchokera pansi, mphukirayo umakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino omwe amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. Magawo a masamba ozungulira amakhala ndi mbali zosalala komanso m'mphepete. Mitsempha yothandizira imawoneka padziko lonse la pepalalo. Kutalika kwake ndi 25-30 cm. M'munsi mwake mumakhala kokhazikika, kamvekedwe ka pubescence.
Udzu wa Chemeritsa wakhala zaka zoposa 500, koma umamasuka kwambiri. Ma inflorescence oyamba amawonekera mchaka cha 16-30 cha moyo. Amapanga pamwamba pa tsinde. Maluwa achikasu, oyera kapena obiriwira okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 cm amalimbikira mpaka tsinde. Masamba amatsegulidwa mkati mwa Julayi ndikusungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo kapena mphepo. Mu Ogasiti, zipatso zoyambirira zimawonekera - mabokosi ambewu osanja okhala ndi makhoma ofewa. Muli njere zazitali zofiirira.
Magawo onse a mbewu ndi oopsa. Kufikira ana ndi nyama kuyenera kukhala kochepa, ndipo manja ayenera kutsukidwa bwino atagwira ntchito m'mundamo. Ming'oma sichitha kuyikidwa pafupi ndi duwa. Ngakhale njuchi zikapulumuka, uchi wawo sungakhale woyenera kuti udye.
Malingaliro odziwika
Mitundu ya Chemeritsa ili ndi mitundu 27 ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya haibridi. Ku Russia, 7 mwa iwo amakula. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
Hellebore Lobel. Chomera chimagawidwa m'nkhalango zowononga kuchokera ku Caucasus kupita ku Siberia. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi katundu wochiritsa chifukwa cha ma alkaloids ambiri, mchere wamchere, amino acid ndi mavitamini. Herbaceous osatha amakula mpaka 2 m kutalika. Pesi lamphamvu limakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu owoneka bwino amtundu wobiriwira. Maluwa obiriwira obiriwira amakhala malo ochititsa mantha mpaka 60 cm.
White hellebore. Zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka pamalo otsetsereka a mapiri kapena malo otsetsereka kumapiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi alkaloids. Mtengowo sudutsa 1.2m kutalika ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wambiri. Kutalika kwa masamba apansi ndi masentimita 30. Pafupi kwambiri, amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa. Pamwamba pa tsinde pali panicle yoyambira, yopangidwa ndi maluwa oyera oyera.
Tsamba lakuda. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumatha kufika mamita 1.3. Masamba okulungidwa akuluakulu m'munsi mwake amakula masentimita 40. Amakonzedwa motsatizana. Masamba apical amakhala m'magulu 3. Maluwa ofiira akuda okhala ndi bulauni amatengedwa m'mantha a inflorescence. Danga la corolla ndi 1.5 cm.
Kubalana kwa Hellebore
Hellebore amafalitsa pofesa mbewu kapena kugawa chitsamba. Kubzala mbewu kumawonedwa ngati kosagwira ntchito ndipo kumafunikira kuyesetsa kwakukulu. Mbeu zatsopano popanda kukonzekera zimafesedwa mu Okutobala-Novembala nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu zowazidwa ndi dothi loonda komanso pang'ono ponyowa. Chapakatikati, mphukira yoyamba imawonekera. Zomera zomwe zimayenda pansi pamadzi zimasunthira kumalo ena kwamuyaya. Mtunda wa 25 cm uyenera kuyang'anidwa pakati pa mbewu.
M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yopanda chipale chofewa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti choyamba mbande zibzalidwe. Mbewu zofesedwa mu Marichi, m'mabokosi osaya ndi mchenga wonyowa ndi zosakaniza za peat. Amayikidwa m'manda 5 mm, yokutidwa ndi kanema ndikuyika mufiriji kapena malo ena abwino. Pambuyo pa masabata 5-8, mabokosiwo amawasamutsira kuchipinda chotenthetsera. Ndikubwera kwa mphukira, filimuyo imachotsedwa. Mbande imawoneka mosiyanasiyana, kumera kungatenge miyezi ingapo. Mbande mwakula mu wowonjezera kutentha mpaka kasupe wotsatira ndipo pokhapokha mutabzala poyera.
Mu Epulo-Meyi, hellebore ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndikugawa rhizome. Mbewuyi imakumbidwa mosamala ndi kumasulidwa ku dongo. Ndikofunika kuti muzisunga mizu yopyapyala. Mizu yokhala ndi njirazo imadulidwa m'magawo angapo kuti impso imodzi ikhalebe pa aliyense. Delenki adabzala nthawi yatsopano ndi mtunda wa masentimita 30-50. Poyamba, mbewu zimayenera kusinthidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathiriridwa.
Kukula Zinthu
Kusamalira hellebore ndikosavuta. Chovuta chachikulu ndikupeza malo oyenera. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe dera lomwe lili ndi masamba pang'ono. Mutha kubzala chemeritsa pansi pamitengo yokhala ndi korona wosowa kapena pafupi ndi mpanda womwe umabisa dzuwa masana.
Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka komanso loyenerera. Mafuta ophatikiza ndi kompositi ndi mchenga ndizabwino. Chomera sichingokhala pazinthu zokhala acidic. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo musankhe malo oyenera, chifukwa moni samakonda zosunthira.
Chemeritsa imafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Ngakhale imatha kuleketsa chilala, imakhala yokongoletsa kwambiri ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma kuthilira kwamadzi ndikosavomerezeka.
Chapakatikati, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokulira, zimalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera manyowa kompositi panthaka. Pa maluwa, mutha kuthira feteleza hellebore pawiri.
Kupitiliza kukongoletsa, maulendo oyendayenda amayenera kudulidwa. Mphukira ndi masamba nthawi yachisanu sizidula. Zina zowonongeka ndi kuzizira zimachotsedwa bwino koyambirira kwamasika. Chemeritsa imakhala yabwino chifukwa cha chisanu, chifukwa imamera mpaka kumalire ndi Arctic. Pogona sikofunikira chomera cha dzinja.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Chifukwa chachikulu, masamba ophatikizika ndi masamba opangidwa ndi masamba amawoneka bwino pamabedi amaluwa kapena m'minda yamagulu mkati mwa udzu. Mutha kudzala chomera m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi. Poyerekeza ndi mbiri yake, maluwa amawoneka bwino. Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala eremurus, phlox, kapena gladiolus.
Wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni wa hellebore. Amabzyala pafupi ndi mbewu zina pofuna kupewa tiziromboti. Wophika masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mitengo ya m'minda ndi zitsamba. Ndi mankhwala achilengedwe abwino kwambiri.
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo chemeritsa idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati anthelmintic, diuretic komanso mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe masiku ano, madokotala samalimbikitsa kuti asamwe mankhwala okhala ndi mbewu mkati. Mafuta okometsera ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa akupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kwa seborrhea, kupweteka kwa msana, gout, pediculosis ndi matenda a fungal a pakhungu ndi misomali.
