M'kati mwathu, broccoli inayamba kubzalidwa ndikudyedwa osati kale kwambiri. Komabe, masambawa akufalikira mofulumira, omwe ali othandiza, kulawa ndi mafuta ochepa.
Phindu lake, mukhoza kuwonjezera ngakhale kuphweka mu chisamaliro. Tiyeni tione mmene tingamere broccoli m'munda.
Kusankha mitundu
Broccoli ndi masamba chomera cha kabichi banja, ndi mtundu wa munda kabichi. Amatchedwanso katsitsumzukwa kabichi. Tsinde la mbewu limadzafika kutalika kwa 60-90 masentimita. Pamapeto pake, maluwa mapesi amapangidwa.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya kabichi. Onani ena mwa iwo: Kohlrabi, Beijing, mtundu, Brussels, Savoy, Kale.
Zomera zimakula kuti anthu azidya - monga kolifulawa, broccoli mukugwiritsa ntchito zokolola osati masamba, koma zopanda pake za inflorescences. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito yaiwisi mu saladi, yophika, yokazinga, yowonjezereka, yowonjezera maphunziro oyambirira, omelets, pies. Broccoli amayenda bwino ndi nyama, nsomba, bowa, ndi masamba ena.
Pamene mukukula chomera cha masamba sikofunikira. Kupirira chilala chokhazikika, kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, kusagwira kuzizira. Masiku ano, mitundu yoposa 200 ndi hybrids ya katsitsumzukwa kabichi akhala woberekedwa, pakati pawo pali oyambirira-kucha, m'ma-kucha ndi mochedwa-kucha. Tidzakuuzani za mitundu 10 ya broccoli pamwamba pa gulu lopakati.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Tonus". Nthawi yoyambirira, nthawi yokalamba - masiku 80-90. Zake za inflorescences ndizopakatikati. Mituyo imakhala ndi masentimita 200. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imaphatikizapo saladi ndi kumalongeza. Osati woyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Masamba amalekerera kutentha kwambiri, kusagonjetsedwa ndi matenda.
- Kalasi "Fiesta". Amagwiritsa ntchito sukulu ndi nthawi yofulumira ya kukhwima - kukula m'masiku 70. Mutu umapangidwa umodzi, wolemera 300 g Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, "Fiesta" siimapanga nthambi zina. Kapangidwe kawo ndi kofiira komanso kowutsa madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yoyamba kucha ya broccoli ikhoza kusungidwa masabata awiri mufiriji. Ngati mudya masamba pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe yatsimikiziridwa, poizoni wa chakudya ndizotheka..
- Sungani "Linda".Yoyamba wosakanizidwa yomwe nthawi ya kukhwima imapanga masiku 75-80. Mitu ya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi yaikulu - 350-400 g iliyonse. Inflorescences ndi ofewa, zabwino zatsopano.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Zachimwene". Pakati-nyengo, ukalamba ndi masiku 120. Nthaŵi yoyendera ndikatikati mwa mwezi wa May. Zipatso ndi zazikulu: zikuluzikuluzi ndizolemera kwa 400-600 g, zowonjezera - 200 g. Zokwanira kwa yosungirako nthawi yaitali (pafupifupi mwezi umodzi) ndi kumalongeza.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Vyarus". Zimakula mofulumira m'masiku 50 okha. Kulemera kwa mutu kumakhala 300-350 g. Zipatso zili ndi kuchulukitsitsa. Pambuyo kutsukitsa mutu waukulu ukukula mpaka nthambi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zingabzalidwe m'chilimwe komanso m'dzinja.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Comanche". Okonzeka kudya miyezi itatu mutabzala. Masikelo a mitu ndi aakulu - mpaka 300-350 g. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchulukitsidwa kowonjezereka komanso kuyenda bwino. Zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizapo kuzizira ndi kutentha.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Arcadia F1". Yoyamba wosakanizidwa. Amapanga mlingo wambiri wa mutu, kukoma kwakukulu. Wosakanizidwa amadziwika ndi zokolola zabwino ndi kukana kutsika kutentha.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Monterey F1". Nyengo yatsopano ya nyengo. Amapanga mutu waukulu kwambiri - mpaka 2 kg, koma chachikulu, sakupatsani nthambi zothandizira. Zosakanizidwa ndi chisanu zosagonjetsedwa.
- "Calabrese". Akuyang'ana mitundu ya pakati pa nyengo. Amapanga mpweya wambiri, waukulu - mpaka 400 g, umene umakhala woyenera kuzizira ndi kusamba.
- Zosiyanasiyana "Corvette". Mtundu wosakanizidwa umene uli ndi zipatso zabwino kwambiri ndi miyezi iwiri. Amapanga zipatso zazikulu ndi zowuma. Pambuyo kudula mutu waukulu kumapereka njira zowonjezera. Kulimbana ndi nyengo zovuta. Mbewu ikhoza kudyedwa mwatsopano ndi mazira kuti idye m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Broccoli ndi chakudya choipa cha kalori. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera kuposa momwe limalandira chifukwa chodya. 100 g kabichi ali 30 kcal.
Kukula mbande za broccoli
Mukasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya broccoli, muyenera kusamalira bwino ndikusamalira panja. Anabzala masamba m'njira ziwiri:
- radadnym;
- bezrassadnym
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri
Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu za broccoli za mbande ndilo gawo loyamba la March. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa pamalo otseguka ali ndi zaka 30-45, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira kumayambiriro mpaka m'ma April. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April-kumayambiriro kwa May, kabichi ikhoza kubzalidwa kale. 
Nthaka ndi mphamvu ya mbande
Pofesa mbewu, amafunika bokosi lokhala ndi masentimita 25. Pansi pake liyenera kuikidwa ndi madzi okwanira. Mbali yopangira kubzala imakonzedwa kuchokera ku zigawo zotsatirazi:
- nthaka;
- mchenga;
- humus;
- phulusa.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Musanafese broccoli kwa mbande, mbewu ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi kutayidwa. Ambiri mwasankhidwa akusankhidwa. Amaikidwa mphindi 15-20 m'madzi otentha. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mbewu zimathira madzi ozizira. 
Pambuyo pa njirayi, mbewu ya maola 12 iyenera kuikidwa mu mankhwala "Epin." Kenaka yambani ndi madzi, owuma ndi kutumiza ku furiji kwa tsiku.
Njira inanso yokonzekera njere ndiyo kuika potanganamu permanganate mu njira yothetsera theka la ora, yambani ndi madzi, ndipo chitani ndi Albit, Agat-21, El-1 kapena zina zomwe mukukonzekera zomwezo.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti broccoli sanamerepo kuthengo. Anapezeka chifukwa cha hybridation. Kukula m'zaka za m'ma VI-V BC. er ku Mediterranean. Padziko lonse lapansi, masamba anayamba kufalikira patapita zaka zingapo.
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Asanafese nthaka ayenera kuthirira bwino. Kwa mbeu, perekani mabowo 1-1.5 cm kuya, ndikusunga mtunda wa masentimita atatu pakati pawo. Ikani nyemba m'mitsitsi ndi kuwawaza ndi nthaka, yomwe imawomba.
Kumera zinthu
M'chipinda chimene mbande zimakula, kutentha kumayenera kusungidwa pa 20 ° C. Mphukira yoyamba itatha, kutentha kumatsikira ku + 10 ° С. Kenaka amamatira kutentha koteroko: ngati nyengo ikuwotha, chizindikiro pa thermometer chiyenera kukhala + 16 ° С, popanda dzuwa - + 14 ° С. 
Komanso, kumera bwino ndi kofulumira kwa mbande, kutentha kwakukulu n'kofunika - osachepera 70% ndi nthawi zonse, koma osati madzi okwanira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira nthawi zonse, koma osati madzi osefukira, apo ayi mbande zingagwidwe ndi matendawa blackleg.
Kusamalira mmera
Pakatha masabata awiri, mbande iyenera kuyendayenda. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito makapu ochotsedwa kapena peat. Njira yotsirizayi ndi yabwino koposa, chifukwa mu miphika ya peat, mbande zimatha kubzalidwa pamtunda.
Pambuyo pa njira yosankha, mbande iyenera kutetezedwa kwa masiku angapo kuchokera dzuwa ndi kukhalabe m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 21 ° C.
Pambuyo pa mbande, mizu ya masana imayenera kutsika mpaka 17 ° C, ndipo usiku ukafika 9 ° C. 
Mbeu zovuta
Kuti chomera chikhale champhamvu komanso chitetezo chachikulu, mphukira iyenera kuumitsidwa, kuyambira ma sabata awiri isanafike nthawi yowataya pamalo osatha. Maola angapo patsiku, mbande zimachitika pamsewu kapena khonde lotseguka. Tsiku lililonse kulimbikitsa nthawi kuwonjezeka.
Ndikofunikira! Kuyambira pa April, mbande zingakhale zowonjezeka pansi pa chivundikiro chopanda nsalu komanso filimu ya pulasitiki. Mphukira imatha kulimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -7 ° C. Zinthu zopanda nsalu zidzawatchinjiriza ku chiwonongeko cha utitiri wa cruciferous.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Mbewu zazing'ono ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo okhwima, ndikuwerengera nthawi ndikusankha malo.
Nthawi yabwino kwambiri
Mbande ziyenera kukhala masiku 30-45 zakubadwa ndipo zikhale ndi masamba 4-5, komanso mizu yabwino. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yomwe ili yokonzeka kusamukira kumalo osatha imayambira pakati pa May. Komabe, zonse zimadalira nyengo. Ngati nyengo yozizira isanakhazikitsidwe, ndipo chisanu chimawonedwa nthawi zonse usiku, pofuna kupeŵa zotsatira zosafunika, kubzala kumayenera kubwezeretsedwa. 
Kusankhidwa kwa malo: kuunikira, nthaka, oyambirira
Broccoli amakonda dzuŵa, kotero kuti kumalo kwake kumasankha malo abwino kwambiri, otetezedwa ku mphepo.
Ndibwino kuti musamalire dothi lanu. M'dzinja, miyala yamchere, manyowa, potassium nitrate ndi zinthu zakuthupi monga mtundu wa manyowa zimayambika kumalo osatsekedwa kulima kabichi ka broccoli. Ngati izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, kumapeto kwa nyengo, humus (1 chidebe / 1 sq. M), superphosphate (supuni 2), urea (supuni 1) ndi phulusa (makapu 2) amawonjezeredwa pa dzenje lililonse, kuti asakanike ndi nthaka. 
Kwa kabichi iliyonse, ndi broccoli ndizosiyana, ndikofunika kusankha malo ndi oyenera kutsogolera matenda ndi tizirombo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- karoti;
- mbatata;
- chosokoneza;
- limodzi;
- nkhaka;
- anyezi;
- tirigu.
- kabichi;
- radishes;
- tomato;
- turnips;
- beets.
Ndondomeko yabwino
Ndikofunika kuika mbande pamalo otseguka popanda dzuwa kunja - mumvula kapena madzulo. Chimodzimodzinso chokonzekera malo ndi 35x60.
Zomera sizikulirakulira kwambiri - kokha mpaka pa tsamba loyamba, pafupifupi 1 masentimita. Kuthirira bwino kwa kubzala, ndi kofunika kukulitsa nthaka - izi zidzasunga chinyontho chofunikira ndi kuteteza nthaka namsongole.
Kusamalira broccoli panja
Tsamba la broccoli lidzakhala lachikhalidwe, ngati mbewu iliyonse ya masamba. Zina mwazofunika kukhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, kumasula, kusamalira namsongole, kutchera mapiri, feteleza ndi kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula
Katsitsumzukwa kabichi ndi chinyezi kwambiri. Amalangizidwa kuti amwe madzi kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma mtengo wokwanira umakhala madzi okwanira masiku awiri. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi madzulo, kuti tisayambe kutentha. Kutentha, mafupipafupi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kuchepetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku. Kupopera mbewu kumathandizanso.
Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutalika kwake kwa masentimita 15 siuma. Kuthira kulikonse kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kumasulidwa kwa nthaka. Kumasula mozama - masentimita 8.
Ngati dothi silinasunthidwe, ndiye kuti kuyanika kuyeneranso kuphatikizidwa muzochitika zowonongeka. Kuwononga namsongole ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi mutu wa kabichi, komanso pafupi kwambiri. 
Maluwa okwera
Patangotha masiku makumi awiri kuchokera pamene ana akukula m'minda yotseguka, broccoli iyenera kukhala minda. Hilling ikuchitika nthawi imodzi ndi kumasula nthaka.
Mapiri achiwiri adzafunikanso patapita masiku khumi. Njirayi idzakuthandizani kupanga njira zowonjezera.
Feteleza
Chinsinsi chopeza mitu yabwino ndi mitu yayikulu ndikudyetsa nthawi zonse.
Pafupifupi masabata 3-4 mutabzala, pamene masamba athazikika, ndi nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito fetereza yoyamba. Nthawi yoyamba ndi bwino kuthirira manyowa ndi zinthu zofunikira. Ng'ombe yamchere (gawo limodzi pa malita 10 a madzi) kapena manyowa a nkhuku (1:20).
Chachiwiri chimadyetsa pambuyo pa milungu iwiri. Chachitatu chachitika panthawi yopanga inflorescences. Ikani yankho mu 10 malita a madzi superphosphate (40 g), sodium ammonium (20 g), potaziyamu sulphate (10 g). 
Mitundu imeneyi imatha kupangidwa pambuyo pocheka mutu, kukula kwake kumapangidwe ndi kudyetsa chomera ndi potassium sulphate (30 g), superphosphate (20 g), ndi ammonium nitrate (10 g).
Ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse phulani zomera ndi phulusa. Ndondomekoyi idzakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri: imakhala ngati feteleza ndipo imateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Mofanana ndi kabichi ina iliyonse, broccoli imakhala ndi adani ambiri monga ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi osowa. Pofuna kupewa, ndikofunikira kutsata malangizidwe pa kayendedwe ka mbeu ndi mtunda pakati pazomera pakubzala - zolima siziyenera kuwonjezeka. Muyeneranso kubzala mbatata, tomato, tsabola, adyo, eggplants pafupi ndipafupi.
Mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kugunda mwendo wakuda. Pofuna kupewa, amachizidwa ndi "Fitosporin", "Baktofit" ndi mankhwala ena ofanana. 
Komanso, broccoli ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito downy mildew ndi baclimosis ya slimy. Ndikofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanabzalidwe. Pamene powdery mildew amathandiza nkhuni phulusa, osakaniza laimu ndi sulfure, mankhwala "Topaz".
Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa nsalu, yambani kupopera mankhwala opangidwa ndi mkuwa.
Pa tizirombo zoopsa kwambiri ndi cruciferous utitiri, wokhoza kuwonongeratu achinyamata zomera. Pofuna kupewa kuthamanga kwawo, nkofunika kubisala nsalu yosaphika. Mukhozanso kuwaza nthaka kuzungulira katsitsumzukwa kabichi ndi phulusa, fumbi fumbi, tsabola, kuopseza tizirombo. Mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndiponso, musanayambe kupanga inflorescences, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera "Iskra", "Aktellik", "Foxima". 
Broccoli akhoza kuyambitsa slugs. Kuti asamawononge chomeracho, muyenera kudula chimangachi ndikuwazaza pakati pa mbeu.
Maonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba amatha kutetezedwa ndi kupopera mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, pamwamba pa mbatata, ndi phulusa ndi sopo. Ngati akugonjetsedwa kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito "Aktellik" ndi "Iskra-bio".
Ntchentche imatha ngati ikakonzedwa ndi Corsair, Ambush, Rovikurt.
Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu
Patatha miyezi 2-3 mutabzala (mawuwo amadalira pa osankhidwa osiyanasiyana), katsitsumzukwa kabichi kamapanga mitu ya inflorescence. Nthawi ya kusasitsa ndi yofulumira - mu masiku 2-3 adzafunika kuchotsedwa kuti asafalikire.
Pambuyo podula mutu waukulu m'masiku ochepa, zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'ono zidzakula, zomwe zimadyedwanso. Ndi bwino kuthetsa inflorescences m'mawa. 
Nthawi yosungirako broccoli imadalira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yoyambirira si yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali. Zitha kusungidwa kwa masiku opitirira 7-10 m'firiji.
Mitengo yakucha ndi yakucha yomwe imasonkhana mu kugwa ingasungidwe nthawi yaitali - pafupi miyezi itatu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena firiji.
Pofuna kusunga mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, iyenera kukhala yozizira. Broccoli wonyezimira sangawononge makhalidwe ake opindulitsa.
Mukudziwa? Broccoli ali ndi vitamini C - 89.2 mg pa 100 g, yomwe ndi 90% ya zofunika tsiku ndi tsiku kwa thupi la munthu. Komabe, posunga masamba opanda firiji masiku angapo, kuchuluka kwa ascorbic asidi ndi theka.Kukula broccoli ndi kophweka, palibe ntchito yapadera yofunikira. Ndi kusankha bwino mitundu, kutsata ndondomeko yotchedwa agrotechnical mayendedwe mkati mwa miyezi 2-3 mutabzala, mankhwala okoma, okoma ndi otsika mtengo adzakhala patebulo lanu.
