Hippeastrum ndi maluwa owuluka ovuta a banja la Amaryllis. Itha kupezeka kumadera otentha a Latin America, komanso nthawi zina ku South Africa. Mtengo waukulu wamera ndi maluwa akulu owala. Zili ngati maluwa okondwerera, koma kukwaniritsa maluwa ochepa matondo nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta. Kuti musangalale ndi kukongola kwa maluwa mokwanira, muyenera kudziwa zinsinsi zina za chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mpweya wa m'chiuno mwake ndi babu wozungulira wokulirapo wokhala ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Masamba ooneka ngati belu amatha kutalika kwa 50-70 masentimita, ndipo mulifupi ndi 4-5 masentimita. Masamba amakula m'mpweya umodzi monga zimakupiza ndipo amapanga gulu moyang'anizana. Nthawi zina madontho ofiira amawonekera papepala, amayenderana ndi maluwa.
Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala m'miyezi yozizira. Thupi lanyama lokwera 35-80 masentimita kutalika pakati pa masamba ake.Pamwamba lake lachifumu ndi masamba awiri mpaka 6. Duwa looneka ngati chosangalatsa lofanana ndi kakombo. Ziphuphu ndizoyera, pinki, lalanje kapena matanthwe. Fungo lokhala ndi maluwa pomwepo silatulutsa chiuno. Danga lamaluwa limatha kufikira 25 cm, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 13. Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi timiyala 6 tokhala m'mizere iwiri. Makwalo awo amawongoka kwambiri kunja.
Pambuyo pa maluwa, bokosi la mbewu la tricuspid limadzuka pa tsinde. Ikamayamba, imayamba kuuma ndikutsegukira yokha. Mkati mwake muli njere zambiri zakuda. Mbeu za m'chiuno kwa nthawi yayitali zimasunga kumera kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Hippeastrum
Hippeastrum imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi mitundu yayikulu 80 yazomera yalembedwa. Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yopitilira 2,000 yophatikiza idawonjezedwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa. Cofala kwambiri nyumba yachifumu ya m'chiuno. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiira pamtunda wofundira.
Hippeastrum wofiira yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zingwe zopyapyala zobiriwira pamiyala ya pinki kapena yofiira.
Chiyero chachifumu amakula 30-50 cm kutalika. Maluwa ake ofiira owala bwino okhala ndi timiyala tating'ono timafanana ndi nyenyezi yayikulu.
Hippeastrum ndi mzati. Mtengowo uli ndi maluwa okongola a maluwa akulu okwanira 6-8. Mizu yama tubular imapakidwa utoto wa nsomba ndi mitsempha yopyapyala ya pinki.
Hippeastrum teyucuarense. Ziphuphu zokhala ndi pakati pakakhala zobiriwira komanso m'malire owala kwambiri a pinki zimakhala ndi kusintha kosiyana ndipo zimakutidwa ndi mauna. Pakatikati yobiriwira amaoneka ngati nyenyezi.
Maluwa akunyumba
Popeza duwa la m'chiuno chowoneka bwino kwambiri, amalima maluwa amapita kutchuthi zamitundu ili yonse kusilira monga momwe kungathekere. Zoyerekeza zazing'ono zimatulutsa maluwa pachaka, ndipo mbewu zambiri zokhwima zimatha kuchita izi kawiri pachaka. Musanabzala, babuwo amathanso kulimbikitsidwa kuti apange peduncle. Amanyowa m'madzi ofunda (mpaka 45 ° C) kwa maola 1-2. Ndiye podzalidwa ndikusiya mphikawo pamalo owala, otentha. Kuthirira m'chiuno mpaka masamba atawonekera ndikosowa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, inflorescence yokhala ndi masamba angapo imakula.
Ngati m'chiuno chotupa sichimera nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuthira manyowa ochulukirapo pakumera. Ndi chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira, amakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Mphika wokhala ndi babu umasinthidwa kupita kumalo ozizira ndikusiyira kuthirira pansi mpaka Januware. Kenako kuthirira pang'onopang'ono kumayambiranso ndikubwezera potoyo m'chipinda chofunda, chowala. Pakupita mwezi umodzi, mbewuyo imakondweretsa masamba.
Njira zolerera
Kubwezeretsanso kwa m'chiuno kumapangidwa ndi njere komanso njira zamasamba. Kuti mutenge mbewu nokha, muyenera kupukuta maluwa ndi burashi. Ikamangirira bokosi la mbewu, imakhazikika pakatha miyezi iwiri. Asanabzale, nthangala zimanyowa munjira yofooka ya boric acid. Zitha kumera muntundu wonyowa kapena mumsuzi wonyowa wa peat. Mphika wa mbande uziyikidwa m'chipinda chowala. Mphukira zimawonekera m'masiku 15-20. Mvuu ikakula masamba awiri enieni, imayikidwa m'miphika yaying'ono. Kwa zaka ziwiri, mbande zimamera popanda matalala, kuthirira pang'ono ndi feteleza.
Munthu aliyense wamkulu anyezi amatulutsa ana angapo (anyezi yaying'ono). Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, mizu yodziyimira ikuwonekera mu mwana wa m'chiuno ndipo imatha kudzipatula. Mukamasula, mababu ofananira nawo amawonongeka ndikudyikidwa mumiphika yosiyana.
Ngati ana sakhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, mutha kugawa babu lokha. Amakumba ndikuuchotsa padziko lapansi. Ndikofunika kuti musawononge mizu yopyapyala. Anyezi amadulidwa molunjika mbali zingapo (mpaka 8). Gawoli lililonse limayenera kukhala ndi mizu yake. Thonje amayikidwa mu makala osweka ndikuwuma pang'ono. Tikufika timachitidwa mu dothi lonyowa peat-kuwaika ndi kuwonjezera mchenga. Ndikofunikira kusamalira kutentha kwa dothi la + 23 ... + 25 ° C ndi kuyatsa kwabwino. Pakupita milungu ingapo, masamba oyamba awonekera.
Thirani mbewu
Hippeastrum imalandira chakudya chachikulu kuchokera m'nthaka, kotero ngakhale mbewu zazikuluzikulu zimasinthidwa pakapita zaka 1-2 zilizonse. Ogasiti kapena Disembala ndi oyenera kutsatira njirayi. Mphika uyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti mbewuyo ipanga maluwa posachedwa. Dothi lodzala limapangidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- dziko la turf;
- tsamba humus;
- peat;
- mchenga.
Amayesera kuchotsa kwathunthu malo akale. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kusiya pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa zitatu la kutalika kwa babu pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku kwa nyumba yapa khungu sikufuna kuchita zambiri. Chomera chimafuna kuunika kowala komanso kwanthawi yayitali. Southeast kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwawindo amasankhidwa. Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatsika masamba nthawi yogonera zimasinthidwa kupita kumalo amdima.
Kutentha kwa mpweya mchipindacho kuyenera kukhala koyenera: + 18 ... + 23 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, imatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala + 11 ... + 14 ° C. Kwa chilimwe amaloledwa kuyika mbewu pamsewu, koma sankhani malo opanda phokoso osalemba. Kugontha mwadzidzidzi usiku ndikosafunanso.
Chinyezi si ntchito yayikulu. Masamba amatha kutsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera kufumbi pansi kapena pofunda kapena kupukutidwa ndi nsalu yofewa. Kumwaza maluwa nthawi zonse sikofunikira.
Kuthirira m'chiuno m'chiuno kumayamba pang'onopang'ono. Mpaka masamba ndi muvi utakula, ndibwino kuthira madzi pang'ono mupoto. M'chilimwe, kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira, komwe kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuyambira Okutobala. Pofika nthawi yachisanu, m'chiuno mwake mumatha madzi. Nthaka imafunika kuti ikhale yonyowa pang'ono pakatha miyezi 1-1,5, koma madziwo sayenera kuyenderana ndi babu.
Hippeastrum imalumikizidwa ndikuwoneka ngati muvi wamaluwa kutalika kwake kukafika masentimita 15. Mutha kupanga feteleza wazomera zamaluwa zamkati. Imadzala ndimadzi ndikuthira pansi kawiri pamwezi mpaka kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Hippeastrum imatha kutenga matenda a fungus. Ngati pofikira paliponsepo, pali zowola. Kukula kwa zolembazo ndikocheperako, mutha kuyesa kupulumutsa mbewuyo. Chomwe chimadulidwa chimakhala ndi minofu yathanzi. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi solidazole ndikuyambitsa kaboni. Bulb imayuma mlengalenga kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi, kenako ndikuziika m'nthaka yatsopano.
Hippeastrum imatha kugwidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo tambiri, ndi mealybugs. Tizilombo touluka tizisonkhanitsa, ndipo korona ndi dothi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kachilombo.
