Mchere wamchere

Ammophos: makhalidwe ndi zofunikira za ntchitoyi

Posankha zakudya, alimi ndi wamaluwa amachokera ku chiƔerengero cha mtengo / khalidwe. Choncho, pamene mukugula yesetsani kusankha zolemba zonse. Ammophos-mtundu wa mineral feteleza ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndipo lero tiwone momwe kusakaniza uku kulili.

Maumbidwe a mchere feteleza

Maonekedwe a ammophos ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri: monoammonium ndi diammonium phosphate. Zomwe zimatchedwa ballast substances sizili pano.

M'mafakitale, ammophos amapezeka mwa kuwonjezera ammonia ku orthophosphoric asidi. Pambuyo pake, chinthu chokhala ndi phosphorous (52%) ndipo chimakhala ndi ammonia (12%) amachokera. Akatswiri amatchula phosphates yosungunuka. ChiƔerengero chimenechi chimaonedwa kuti ndi "golide wa muyezo" wa ammophos, ndipo amapezeka kokha ngati zipangizo zamakono zikuwonetsedwa. Ena amanena kuti palibe nitrogen yokwanira (13% okha). Koma izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati phosphoric feed, ndipo nayitrogeni ikufunika kokha ngati gawo loyambira.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa ali ndi makhalidwe monga phosphate digestibility. Mu mankhwala abwino, chiwerengerochi chidzakhala pafupifupi 45%. Ngati chiwerengero chapansi chidziwika -kuchokera ku luso lamakono amatha ndi kuchokapo.
Chida ichi chogulitsidwa monga mawonekedwe a granules ndipo pamtengo ndi wotsika mtengo.

Kodi phosphate imagwiritsa ntchito bwanji zomera?

Ammophos, pokhala ndi feteleza chotero, amadziwika ndi katundu wake opindulitsa. Ngati mupanga, kutsatira malangizo, zotsatira zidzakhala motere:

  • chitukuko cha rhizome;
  • kuonjezera kukana kwa mbeu kuti zithetse nyengo ndi matenda;
  • zokolola;
  • zokoma zosasangalatsa (makamaka zipatso);
  • wonjezerani masamulo moyo wa zinthu zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa.
Chidacho ndi choyenera kwa nyengo iliyonse ndi mitundu ya dothi, ndipo ndi ofunika kwambiri ku madera owuma. Kumalo otereko sikokwanira phosphorous.

Malangizo othandizira ammophos

Ammophos, monga fetereza iliyonse, ili ndi zizindikiro zake, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yake.

Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi monga njira ya ntchito yaikulu komanso monga chakudya. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ammonium nitrate kapena wothandizidwa ndi nitrogenous wothandizira nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka mu magawo ofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale 20-30%.

Mukudziwa? Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere linatchulidwa koyamba ndi Justus Liebig mu 1840. Koma anthu amasiku ano ankangoseka katswiri wa zamagetsi, mpaka kufika pamapepala opanga nyuzipepala.
Zomwe anakonza wamaluwa amadziwa kuti zambiri zimatengera ntchito yokonzekera ntchito. Choncho, ammophos monga "maziko" akuwonjezedwa ngakhale pamene akumba (masika kapena autumn), pa mlingo wa 20-25 g / sq.m kwa "chikhalidwe" gawo kapena 25-30 chifukwa chotsatiridwa. Kwa malo obiriwira, ndalama zimenezi zimapitsidwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa potashi kapena mankhwala a nayitrogeni.

Ndondomeko ya mavalidwe a nyengo ndi awa: pakati pa mizere yokhala ndi masentimita 10, mabowo amapangidwa ndi masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (5-8 cm).

Mukadzala mbande m'zitsime kuponyera 0.5-1 g pa mita ndi kusakanikirana ndi nthaka. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amagwiritsa ntchito yankho. Mu chidebe chachikulu (kawirikawiri mbiya), granules amathiridwa ndikusakaniza ndi madzi mu 1/3 chiwerengero. Pambuyo polola kuti ipereke kwa masiku angapo, imatengedwa, ndipo kutsika kumakhala pansi. Dziwani kuti iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino, komanso chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chilichonse, ndi bwino kutsatira ndondomeko ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi.

Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chimene anthu ena amaiwala: Ammophos sayenera kutsanulira pansi pa zomera zonse mzere. Ambiri mwa munda ndi horticultural mbewu amafuna zambiri saturated superphosphates. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapepala apangidwe kale - werengani.

Ndikofunikira! Ikani ammophos "ndi malo" osayenera - zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukula ndi zokolola.

Zamasamba

Zikuchitika kuti pamene mukumba nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika, wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe sanasankhe chomwe chiti chidzakula mderali. Ngati mukufuna kubzala masamba, ndiye kuti mugone tulo 20-30 g / sq. m, ndiko kuti, weve amatenga 2-3 makilogalamu. Mukamadyetsa, yesetsani kuika feteleza, mlingo woyenera nthawi imodzi mkati mwa 5-10 g / m.

Zomera zimatenga phosphates mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, njira iliyonse yogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi yoyenera kwa anyezi (pokhapokha pakumba, kuchepa kwafupika kufika 10-20 g / m2). Pakuti kaloti amadyetsa ndi yabwino (osachepera 7 g pamtunda uliwonse).

Muzu masamba

Mukamabzala beets pa mzere wa mzere perekani pa 5 g Choncho zipatso zamtsogolo zidzakhala zokoma kwambiri.

Pankhani ya mbatata, granules imayikidwa mwachindunji m'mitsitsi, 2 g aliyense. Izi sizothandiza kokha kuonjezera zokolola, komanso kusonkhanitsa wowuma.

Mlingo pa kukumba udzakhala wochepa kusiyana ndi masamba (kuchokera 15 mpaka 25 g / m2). Ndilo, dera lomwelo lidzatenga makilogalamu 2.5.

Mukudziwa? M'zaka za m'ma 1800. Ogulitsa nsomba za saltpeter anali makampani a Chile, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo zinaonekeratu kuti zida zake zidzatha msanga. Ndiyeno asayansi anayamba kugwira ntchito.

Zipatso

Ndi zikhalidwe zoterezi, zonse ndi zophweka - mukufunikira zofanana ndi zamasamba. Komabe, ngati dothi lakhala likudzaza, ndiye kuti kukumba pamene kukumba kungachepe pang'ono (mpaka 15 g / m2). M'chaka cha mabwalo a grenade mitengo imakhala yofanana.

Kwa dothi losauka limatenga 30 magalamu pa "square". Kudyetsa ndiyomwe, mofanana ndi monga mizu ya zamasamba.

Berry

Zikhalidwe zimenezi zimafuna chisamaliro chosamalitsa, makamaka masamba. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, 20 g / m2 ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pansi pa shrub, koma pamodzi ndi nayitrogeni potaziyamu.

Ndipo pofuna kuti asapitirire kwambiri zomera, hafu zambiri zowonongeka zimapangidwira m'mipata.

Phosphate feteleza, kuphatikizapo ammophos, m'maganizo amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo kamodzi pa nyengo. Tenga mphesa. Mu kasupe, nthaka pansi pa mpesa imayendetsedwa ndi yankho (400 g / 10 l madzi). Masamba amadyetsa masiku 10-15, koma ndi ofooka osakaniza (150 g / 10 l).

Ndikofunikira! Njira zamadzimadzi zimatulutsa bwino kwambiri kusiyana ndi ufa wouma. Ndipo granules mu dziko sichiikidwa mkati zisanafike madzi okwanira.

Maluwa ndi udzu

Zomwezo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zomera za zipatso. Padzafunika kuganizira kutsutsana kwa maluwa a mitundu yosiyana siyana - ena ali ndi kutsutsana momveka bwino, ngakhale ammophos ndi yochepa pakati pawo.

Udzu ndi wofunikanso kwa udzu. Mchere wochuluka kapena nthaka yonyowa madzi umafuna madzi ambiri. Muzovuta zovuta, udzu ukafa, onjezerani mavitamini 2-3, koma kenanso.

Ubwino wa fetereza fetereza

Chifukwa cha katundu wake, ammophos ali ndi ubwino wambiri pa superfsofatami:

  • yoyenera kudya ndi kudyetsa;
  • bwino ndikumangirira pansi;
  • pamene kulemekeza ndondomeko ndi kotetezeka kwa mbande;
  • Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza mbewu.
Zopindulitsa izi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku granules okha, zomwe sizikutenga mpweya wambiri wa mpweya ndipo musatseke. Kuwabweretsanso ku fumbi kumakhala kovuta, kotero mutha kusunga feteleza m'dzikoli. Ndipo pamene mukuwatsogolera nawo mavuto alionse.

Kusamala pamene mukugwira ntchito

Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza makamaka m'magolovesi. Musanyalanyaze kupuma bwino sikuyenera. Zovala ziyenera kukhala zolimba ndi zotsekedwa kuti zikhale zosagwera pakhungu. Sambani manja anu mutatha kusamalira.

Mukudziwa? Chomera choyamba cha ammonia chinayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1910. Kupanga kanakhazikitsidwa mu mzinda wa Germany wa Oppa. Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, bizinesiyi inakwaniritsa zosowa za alimi, pomwe njira za m'nyanja ku Chile zinatsekedwa ndi adani.
Ngati feteleza akulowa m'maso mwanu, muyenera kuwasambitsa nthawi yomweyo ndi sopo ndi madzi. Milandu ya kumeza ndi yochepa, amapereka magalasi ambirimbiri, potero amachititsa kusanza. Mukakumana ndi zovuta kwambiri, muyenera kuyitanira dokotala.

Mvula yamkuntho ndi bwino kubwezeretsa ntchito yotereyi.

Timavomereza kugwiritsira ntchito feteleza monga "Bud", "Kvadris", "Corado", "Hom", "Konfidor", "Zircon", "Kutchuka", "Topaz", "Fufanon".

Maganizo ndi zikhalidwe zosungirako

Ammophos opangidwa m'matumba amasungidwa kuyambira miyezi 9 mpaka zaka ziwiri. Fufuzani mosamala zomwe mukulembazo. Malo aliwonse owuma adzakhala oyenera kusungirako, ulamuliro wa kutentha sikulibe kanthu.

Chinthu chokha - m'dekha sayenera kupeza chinyezi. Inde, granules enieni ndi gyroscopic ndipo madontho pang'ono sangavulaze. Koma ngati mutayika thumba muchitsime chakuya ndikuiwala za nyengo yonse yachisanu, ndiye kuti fetereza ikhoza kutaya makhalidwe ake, ndipo wopanga alibe chochita ndi izo. Tinaphunzira mphamvu za izi, komanso momwe tingazigwiritsire ntchito m'dzikolo. Tikuyembekeza kuti ndi chidziwitsochi owerenga athu adzatha kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri.