Adiantum ndi fern wachikondi wa banja la Pteris. Ma cascade ake osalala osiyanasiyana amakhala ngati tsitsi lokongola. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti imodzi mwazinthu za adiantum imatchedwa "tsitsi lobala." Mutha kukumana naye pamiyala ndi m'miyala yam'mphepete mwa North America, Africa ndi East Asia. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosamalidwa, adiantum adakondedwa ndi omwe amalima maluwa.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Adiantum fern imakhala ndi masamba oyenda omwe amakhala ndi mizu pafupipafupi. Mizu yakeyo m'nthaka imakhazikika. Amakutidwa ndi mamba ofiira ofiira kapena amtundu wakuda ofanana ndi mulu waufupi. Masamba a petiole opezeka kawiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe. Petiole yopyapyala komanso yosalala ndi utoto wakuda. Kutalika kwake ndi 10-25 cm, kutengera mitundu.
Leaflets amakhala okhazikika kapena osiyana. Magawo amatha kukhala opindika, opangidwa ndi diamondi kapena mphero. Masamba owonda kwambiri amapaka utoto wowala. Kutalika kwa gawo ndi 2.5-3 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1.5-2 cm. Masamba kumbuyo kwa pepala mu mawonekedwe a madontho ang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsempha.
Masamba a adiantum ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. A decoction a iwo ali ndi expectorant ndi bactericidal katundu. Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala azikhalidwe komanso mankhwala opangira mankhwala.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu 171 inalembetsedwera muutundu, koma mpaka posachedwapa mitundu itatu yokha yokha ndiyoigulitsa m'masitolo az maluwa. Lero, mtunduwo ukukulitsidwa pang'ono. Zotsalira kwambiri Adiantum Venus Tsitsi. Mtundu wa fern umaphimbidwa ndi mamba amdima kutalika kwa masentimita 1-2. Masamba a masamba awiri a cirrus oblong amapezeka pazitali za 10-15 masentimita.Vaya ndi 10c kutalika ndi 25-25 cm.
Adiantum imayimitsidwa. Chomera chimapanga chitsamba chotalika mpaka 60 cm. Amakhala ndi zobowola zobiriwira zobiriwira. Mphepete yamasamba imaswazika ndi kuponderezedwa kangapo.
Mitundu yokongola kwambiri adiantum frarans. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso kugwedezeka kwamasamba ang'onoang'ono otseguka.
Adiantum finescent. Mawonedwe achidikha mpaka kutalika kwa 50 cm. Pazithunzi zowirikiza kawiri ndi katatu, ma loboti azithunzi amawoneka. Kutalika kwa theulosi ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 22. Magawo okhazikika a mawonekedwe okumbika adakutidwa ndi mulu waufupi.
Adiantum ndiwokongola. Chomera chimapanga chitsamba chokulira mpaka mita. Masamba ndiwosakanikirana ndipo amagawika m'magawo ambiri. Zogawanazo zimalumikizana limodzi bwino ndikupanga korona wakuda wonenepa.
Adiantum amakhala ngati impso. Chomera chosazolowereka chokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono achikopa pamtunda wama petioles. Zovuta zimapezeka mozungulira tsamba. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu fern ndi 10 cm.
Kukula Adiantum
Kukula adiantum kunja kwa spores ndikosavuta. Njira iyi imakupatsani mwayi kupeza mbewu zingapo zingapo nthawi. Kubzala wakonzekera kumayambiriro kwa masika. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera nazale - bokosi losaya ndi ngalande yotsekemera ndi nthaka yanthete. Zonunkhira zakupsa zimakutidwa ndi supuni kuchokera pa waya mpaka pepala. Zouma kwa masabata 1-2. Zomera zimagawanidwa mokwanira padziko lapansi popanda kuzama. Dziko lapansi limapopera madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi galasi. Sungani wowonjezera kutentha kutentha + 20 ... + 21 ° C. Tsiku lililonse, mbande zimakhala ndi mpweya komanso zimagwira ntchito. Mphukira sizimawoneka zogwirizana mkati mwa miyezi 1-3. Ma fern achichepere amafunikira kuwala kowala kosangalatsa. Zomera zanthete sizifunikiranso pogona. Amapangidwira kuti mtunda pakati pa adiantums usapitirire 2,5. Ferns wamkuluyo umasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika pazidutswa zingapo.
Kuti mutenge chomera chachikulu nthawi yomweyo, mutha kugawa chitsamba m'magawo angapo. Panyengo yophukira, mizu imamasulidwa pansi ndikudulidwa ku Delenki. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi malo okula 2-3. Madera osenda owazidwa ndi kaboni yodziyambitsa. Ndikwabwino kubzala fern pansi nthawi yomweyo kuti mbevu zisamere.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Kuika kwa Adiantum kumachitika mu Marichi-Epulo, mpaka mbewuyo itayamba kukula. Fern iyenera kumasulidwa ku dothi louma ndikuyang'ana mizu mosamala. Malo owonongeka amadulidwa. Mphika uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kuposa woyamba. Pansi ndikuphimbidwa ndi ngalande, ndipo dothi losasanja lotseguka limayikidwa pamwamba. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu monga izi:
- dziko la turf;
- mchenga;
- peat;
- pepala lapansi.
Poika mbewu, simukuyenera kupeta dothi kwambiri kuti mpweya ulowe pamizu. Ndiwothandiza nthawi ndi nthawi kumasula pansi kwadothi.
Kusamalira mbewu
Ngakhale woyambitsa kumene amatha kudziwa chisamaliro cha adoantum kunyumba. Duwa ili ndi la zipatso zamkati. Ferns amakonda mthunzi wamitengo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pansi pa mphezi zachindunji, ma vayas amayamba kuuma ndikugwa. Miphika imayikidwa pazenera zakumpoto kapena kumbuyo kwa chipindacho. M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kupita ndi adiantum m'munda wamithunzi kapena pagombe la dziwe. Chomera chimayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambula ndi kuzizira usiku. Chifukwa cha mpweya wodetsedwa, kukula kwa fern kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Iyenera kutetezedwa kufumbi, utsi wa fodya ndi mankhwala.
Adiantum sakonda kutentha, amadwala kale + 23 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya pang'ono (mpaka + 13 ... + 18 ° C). Kuzizira m'munsimu + 10 ° C kumawononga mbewu.
Adiantum imafuna kuthirira yambiri. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse nthaka ikhale yonyowa, komabe, simungathe kusefukira mizu. Olima ena amakonda kumiza mumphikawo mumtsuko wamadzi kwa mphindi zingapo, kenako nkuloleza zochulukazo kukhetsa. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa.
Adiantum imakula bwino m'malo achinyezi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ufeze korona nthawi zonse, makamaka masiku otentha. Miphika yokhala ndi fern imayikidwa pafupi ndi malo am'madzi kapena m'madziwe. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikutha. Mu chipinda chozizira, muyenera kupukuta waiy pafupipafupi kuti nkhungu isamere.
M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi 1-2 pamwezi, adiantum iyenera kukumana ndi umuna. Zophatikiza zachilengedwe zakumunthu zonse zammunda zamkati zimawonjezeredwa ndi madzi othirira.
Fern safuna kupangidwa korona. Zimangolimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mai owuma.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Zovuta zambiri posamalira adiantum zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthilira komanso chinyezi chochepa. Masamba akasanduka achikasu ndikuwuma, ndiye kuti mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri. Kuchepa ndi kuwotcha kwawi kumawonetsa kuthirira kosakwanira.
Dzuwa lowongoka likagwera masamba, limasinthana ndipo limasandulika. Mthunzi, fern imabwezeretsa kuwala kwake koyambirira.
Pa masamba osalimba mutha kupeza nsabwe za m'masamba, zipsera, ma mebubugs ndi akangaude. Kuchiza ndi tizirombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandizira kuchotsa majeremusi.
