Kuchokera nthawi zakale, kuwuka kwa miliri zosiyanasiyana kwathetsa mizinda yonse ku nkhope ya dziko. Nthawi zambiri odwala matendawa si anthu okha, komanso nyama, mbalame, tizilombo. Palibe chokhumudwitsa kwambiri kwa oweta ziweto kusiyana ndi kutha kwa chifundo kwa ziweto.
Chimodzi mwa matenda oopsya ndi chiwombankhanga cha nkhumba cha Africa, chomwe si choopsa kwa anthu, koma ndikofunikira kudziwitsa zizindikiro, kuti athe kudziwa ndi kuteteza matendawa.
Kodi nkhumba ya nkhumba ya ku Africa ndi yotani?
Chiwindi cha nkhumba cha Africa, chomwe chimadziwika kuti African fever kapena Montgomery matenda, ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe amadziwika ndi malungo, kutupa magazi komanso kutha kwa magazi kwa ziwalo za thupi, pulmonary edema, khungu komanso mkati mwa magazi.
African fever ndi zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zapachiyambi, koma zimachokera mosiyana - kachilombo ka DNA kamene kali ndi Asfivirus wa banja la Asfarviridae. Mitundu iwiri ya antigenic ya A ndi B ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka HIV C yakhazikitsidwa.
ASF imagonjetsedwa ndi alkaline sing'onoting'ono ndi formalin, koma imagwirizana ndi mavitamini (chifukwa chake, kutulutsa ma disinfection kawirikawiri kumachitidwa ndi othandizidwe a klorini kapena acids), imakhala yogwira ntchito iliyonse yotentha.
Ndikofunikira! Zakudya za nkhumba zomwe sizinachitsidwe kutentha zimateteza mavairasi kwa miyezi yambiri.
Kodi kachilombo ka ASF kachokera kuti?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba matendawa anayamba kulembedwa mu 1903 ku South Africa. Mliriwu unafalikira pakati pa nkhumba zakutchire monga matenda opatsirana, ndipo pamene chiwopsezo cha mliri chinachitika m'zinyama, matendawa adakula kwambiri ndi zotsatira zake zowonongeka.
Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza kubereka mbuzi, akavalo, ng'ombe, gobies.Wofufuza wa ku England R. Montgomery chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa mliri wa ku Kenya, 1909-1915. anatsimikizira kuti chiwopsezo cha matendawa ndi chiwopsezo. Pambuyo pake, ASF inafalikira kumayiko a Afrika kum'mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara. Kafukufuku wa mliri wa Africa wasonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mbuzi zoweta zogwirizana ndi nkhumba za ku Africa.
Mu 1957, mliri wa Africa unayamba kuwonedwa ku Portugal pambuyo poitanitsa zakudya kuchokera ku Angola. Kwa chaka chonse, abusa am'deralo anavutika ndi matendawa, omwe anachotsedwa chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa nkhumba zodziwika ndi 17,000.Patapita nthawi, kuwuka kwa matenda kunalembedwa ku Spain, kudutsa dziko la Portugal. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu, mayikowa atenga njira zothetsera ASF, koma mpaka chaka cha 1995 adanena kuti alibe matenda. Patadutsa zaka zinayi, kuphulika kwa matenda oopsa kunapezanso ku Portugal.
Komanso, zizindikiro za mliri wa Africa zinafotokozedwa mu nkhumba ku France, Cuba, Brazil, Belgium ndi Holland. Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa matenda ku Haiti, Malta ndi Dominican Republic zinayenera kupha nyama zonse. 
Ku Italy, matendawa adapezeka koyamba mu 1967. Kuphulika kwina kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunayikidwa pamenepo mu 1978 ndipo sikunathetsedwe mpaka lero.
Kuchokera mu 2007, kachilombo ka ASF kanali kufalikira m'madera a Chechen Republic, Ossetia kumpoto ndi kumwera, Ingushetia, Ukraine, Georgia, Abkhazia, Armenia ndi Russia.
Mliri wa Africa umapangitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma kugwirizana ndi kupha nkhumba zonse pakutha kwa matenda, kudzipatula ndi kuchipatala ndi zoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Spain lagonjetsedwa ndi $ 92 miliyoni chifukwa chothetsa kachilomboka. 
Kodi matenda a ASF amapezeka bwanji: zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Mankhwalawa amakhudza zinyama zonse zakutchire ndi zinyama, mosasamala za msinkhu wawo, mtundu wawo komanso zamtundu wawo.
Kodi chiwindi cha nkhumba cha Africa chikufalikira bwanji:
- Ndikulumikizana kwambiri ndi nyama zathanzi zathanzi, kudzera mu khungu loonongeka, conjunctivitis ya maso ndi pamlomo.
- Kukwapula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, monga nsabwe, ntchentche za zoophilous, kapena nkhupakupa (nkhupakupa za mtundu wa Ornithodoros ndizoopsa kwambiri).
- Mbalame za genome zingakhale mbalame, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, nyama zoweta, tizilombo komanso anthu omwe apita ku dera lopatsirana.
- Magalimoto oipitsidwa panthawi yamatenda odwala.
- Matenda okhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi zinthu zopha nkhumba.
Ndikofunikira! Gwero la matenda othetsa matendawa akhoza kukhala chakudya chowonongeka, chomwe chikuwonjezeredwa kudyetsa nkhumba popanda mankhwala, komanso malo odyetserako ziweto.
Zizindikiro ndi matenda a matendawa
Nthawi yowonjezera matendawa ndi pafupifupi masabata awiri. Koma kachilombo kamene kamatha kudziwonetsera patapita nthawi, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha nkhumba komanso kuchuluka kwa majeremusi omwe alowetsa thupi lake.
Mukudziwa? Chipangizo cha nkhumba za m'mimba ndi momwe zimakhalira magazi zili pafupi ndi anthu. Nyama yamtundu wa nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga insulini. Muzipatala zopereka zoperekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nkhumba. Ndipo mkaka wa m'mawere umakhala wofanana ndi nkhumba amino acid.
Mitundu inayi ya matendawa imadziwika kuti: nthendayi, yovuta, yothetsera matenda komanso yambiri.
Zizindikiro zowonongeka za kunja kwa chiweto cha mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa matendawo siziripo, imfa imapezeka mwadzidzidzi. 
Mwachiwonekedwe chachikulu cha African pigs fever, zotsatirazi [zizindikiro za matenda:
- kutentha kwa thupi mpaka 42 ° C;
- kufooka ndi kupsinjika kwa nyama;
- kutsuka kwa purulent ya maso ndi mphuno;
- Kufa ziwalo za miyendo yamawanga;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kusanza;
- kutsegula malungo kapena, m'mimba mwake, kutsegula m'mimba;
- khungu lakuda m'makutu, m'mimba pamutu ndi pakhosi;
- chibayo;
- dysmotility;
- Kuchotsa mimba msanga kwafesa osadziwika.
Werengani mndandanda wa mankhwala kwa zinyama: "Biovit-80", "Enroksil", "Tylosin", "Tetravit", "Tetramizol", "Fosprenil", "Baikoks", "Nitrox Forte", "Baytril".Zizindikiro za ASF yosautsa:
- zovuta za malungo;
- mkhalidwe wa chidziwitso choponderezedwa.
Maonekedwe apadera amadziwika ndi:
- zovuta za malungo;
- kupweteka kwa khungu kosachiritsika;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kutaya;
- chitukuko;
- tendovaginitis;
- nyamakazi.
Kuzindikira mliri waku Africa
Vuto la ASF likuwoneka ngati mawanga a buluu pa khungu la nyama. Pamaso pa zizindikiro zoterezi, nkofunika kudziwa zizindikiro mwamsanga ndikudzipatula.
Kuti mumvetse bwino kachilombo ka HIV, kufufuza kofufuzidwa kwa ng ombe kumatulutsa. Pambuyo popanga maphunziro a zachipatala, pamapeto pake pamakhala chifukwa chomveka chokhalira ndi matenda a nkhumba zomwe zili ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Kuyeza kwachilengedwe ndi kafukufuku opangidwa mu labotale, amalola kudziwa mtundu wa genome ndi antigen. Chosankha chodziwika ndi matendawa ndi kufufuza kwa ma antibodies.
Ndikofunikira! Magazi a feteleza a feteleza a feteleza amatengedwa kuchokera ku nkhumba zowononga kwa nthawi yaitali komanso anthu omwe akukumana nazo.Kuyezetsa ma laboratory, zitsanzo za magazi zimatengedwa kuchokera ku ziweto zowopsya, ndipo zidutswa za ziwalo zimachotsedwa ku matupi. Zojambula zowonongeka zimaperekedwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri, pamapangidwe apadera, atayikidwa mu chidebe ndi ayezi.
Kuletsa njira zolimbana ndi kufalikira kwa mliri wa Africa
Kuchiza kwa nyama, ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda opatsirana, sikuletsedwa. Katemera wotsutsana ndi ASF sungapezeke, ndipo matendawa sangathe kuchiritsidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthawi zonse. Ngati nkhumba zowononga 100% zafa kale, lero matendawa ndi aakulu kwambiri ndipo amapitirizabe popanda zizindikiro.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kuphulika kwa mliri wa Africa ukupezeka, nkofunikira kufotokoza ziweto zonse ku chiwonongeko chopanda magazi.
Dera la kuphedwa liyenera kukhala lokhalitsa, mitembo mtsogolo imayenera kuwotcha, ndi phulusa losakanizidwa ndi mandimu ndikuika maliro. Mwamwayi, ndizovuta zokhazo zomwe zingathandize kupewa kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV.
Zakudya zopatsirana ndi zosamalira zinyama zatenthedwa. Munda wa famu ya nkhumba imatengedwa ndi mankhwala otentha a sodium hydroxide (3%) ndi formaldehyde (2%). 
Nkhosa zomwe zili patali pamtunda wa makilomita khumi kuchokera ku kachilombo ka HIV zimaphedwanso. Kusiyanitsa kumayesedwa, komwe kumachotsedwa patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pamene palibe zizindikiro za matenda a nkhumba za ku Africa.
Gawolo lomwe lili ndi ASF likuletsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito polima minda ya nkhumba kwa chaka chimodzi chitatha kuthetsa kusungika kwaokha.
Mukudziwa? Malita aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse analembedwa mu 1961 ku Denmark, pamene nkhumba imodzi inabadwa mwamsanga nkhumba 34.
Zimene mungachite kuti muteteze matenda a ASF
Kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa chuma ndi mliri wa Africa kupewa matenda:
- Katemera wa panthaŵi yake motsutsana ndi mliri wamakono ndi matenda ena a nkhumba ndi mayeso oyenerera a veterinarian.
- Sungani nkhumba m'madera ozungulira ndi kupewa kuyanjana ndi nyama za eni eni.
- Nthaŵi ndi nthawi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhumba, malo osungiramo katundu ndi zakudya komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Tengani ng'ombe kuchokera kwa tizilombo tokamwa magazi.
- Pezani chakudya kumalo ovomerezeka. Musanawonjezere mankhwala ochokera ku nkhumba chakudya, chithandizo cha kutentha kwa chakudya chiyenera kuchitika.
- Gulani nkhumba pokhapokha mutagwirizana ndi Service State Veterinary Service. Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimayenera kukhala zodzipatula, zisanalowe mu corral.
- Kutumiza ndi zipangizo zochokera kumadera owonongeka sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chithandizo chisanachitike.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti matendawa ali ndi kachilombo kazilombo nthawi yomweyo, perekani kwa akuluakulu a boma.
Mukudziwa? Mu 2009, nthendayi ya nkhumba inalengezedwa, yoopsa kwambiri pakati pa onse odziwika. Kufalikira kwa kachilomboka kunali kwakukulu, kunapatsidwa mantha 6.
Kodi pali mankhwala?
Pali mafunso ngati pali mankhwala ochiza matendawa, chifukwa chiyani chiwopsezo cha nkhumba chimawopsa kwa anthu, kodi n'zotheka kudya nyama kuchokera ku zirombo? 
Panopa palibe mankhwala a ASF. Komabe, palibe yankho losatsimikizika kuti ngati kachilombo kawopsa ndi koopsa kwa anthu. Palibe vuto la matenda opatsirana ndi majeremusi. Ndi mankhwala abwino otentha - otentha kapena ozizira, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kufa, ndipo nyama ya nkhumba zoyipa imatha kudyedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Vutoli limasintha nthawi zonse. Izi zingayambitse matenda oopsa.Komabe, chiwindi cha nkhumba cha Africa sichinaphunzire bwino, ndipo njira yothetsera vutoli ikanakhala yopewera kugonana ndi ziweto zowopsa.
Matenda alionse amalepheretsa chitetezo cha thupi la munthu. Zikhoza kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi HIV, izi zidzatsogolera kuti anthu adzanyamula matendawa, pomwe alibe zizindikiro. 
Kuti muteteze nokha, muyenera kupewa kuyanjana ndi nyama zodwala. Komanso kuti achitepo kanthu pofuna kuthana ndi matenda ndi kupewa kwake, kuti athe kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda a ziweto panthawi yake.
