Mphesa "Chardonnay": makhalidwe, ntchito ndi zopindulitsa katundu

Mitundu ya mphesa yoyera ya Chardonnay imakhala yochuluka, chifukwa ikhoza kukulirakulira kumadera aliwonse a nyengo ndi kubzala mbewu zambiri.

Komanso, vinyo wopangidwa kuchokera ku "Chardonnay" m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amakondwera ndi kukoma kwake kopadera.

Kuchokera kwawo ndi chiyambi cha mitundu ya mphesa ya Chardonnay

Panthawiyi, asayansi sakanatha kudziwa bwino mbiri ya zosiyanasiyana. Chiyambi cha "Chardonnay" chikugwirizana ndi banja la mitundu "Pinot".

Ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya California, mu 1991, anachita phunziro, ndipo adapeza kuti zosiyanasiyanazo zinali zotsatira zake kuphulika "Gue Blanc" ndipo, mwina, "Pinot Noir". Koma ngakhale kuti pali maphunziro ambiri, asayansi ena salandira zimenezi. Ampelograf kuchokera ku France Pierre Gale ndi wotsimikiza kuti "Chardonnay" sichigwirizana ndi mabanja akuluakulu osiyanasiyana.

Palinso mikangano pa dziko la chiyambi, koma ambiri ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti Chardonnay ndi wochokera ku Rome.

Mukudziwa? Amakhulupirira kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zinkapezeka mumzinda wa Burgundy, womwe uli mumzinda wa Chardonnay.

Kugwiritsira ntchito mphesa "Chardonnay"

Maluwa osiyanasiyana "Chardonnay" ndi amodzi mwadzidzidzi padziko lapansi. Amakula ku Asia, Europe, Australia, South Africa, South ndi North America. Kulikonse komwe amapereka zotsatira zabwino - vinyo woyera, zonunkhira ndi kukoma kwake. Chochititsa chidwi, ku dziko lirilonse, malingana ndi nthaka imene mphesa zimakula komanso zozizwitsa za kukonzekera kwake, vinyo wa Chardonnay nthawizonse amakhala ndi kukoma kwake kwakukulu.

"Chardonnay" yatsopano, yosagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zida za masamba ndi peel zimapanga 20 peresenti ya mphesa, zina zonse ndi miyala ndi mapiri. Mabungwe alibe mauthenga ndi kuyeza pang'ono.

Zomwe zafotokozedwa mosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso ndi kukoma kosavuta.

Mbewu zabwino kwambiri za mphesa ndi cholinga cha tebulo: "Kesha", "Valentine", "Augustine", "Laura", "Bazhena", "Monarch", "Harold", "Arcadia", "Talisman", "Timur".

Makhalidwe ndi zamoyo za mphesa

Mphesa "Chardonnay" ili ndi kufotokoza monga mitundu ya Western Europe. Ndicho maziko a vinyo oyera ndi ofewa. Ngakhale kuti Chardonnay imatha kukula pamtunda uliwonse, imamva bwino nyengo, zochita za winemaker ndi zosungirako zomwe zingakhudze kukoma kwa vinyo, ndipo zotsatira zake sizidzakhala zosadziwika.

M'nyengo yotentha, mphesa zimafuna kuthirira mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa ulimi wothirira kungakhale bwino kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Ulamulilo wa kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana: M'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yoziziritsa, tchire amabzalidwa patali kwambiri, ndi nyengo yozizira, kubwera kwake kumachitika patali.

Kufotokozera za chitsamba

Madzu a mphesa ndi amphamvu kapena osakaniza amphamvu. Akuwombera - osati opangidwa, bulauni.

Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mitsempha yokongola kwambiri. Kumbali yotsalira ya pepalala pamasamba, mthunzi wowala. Chipepalachi chimakhala ndi masamba asanu, omwe ali ndi clove kumapeto. Mu kugwa, onse amakhala mtundu wa mandimu wachikasu ndipo amauma pozungulira.

Kufotokozera mabungwe

Magulu a mphesa - conical kapena cylindrical, sing'anga osalimba. Iwo ali ndi khalidwe lotayirira chifukwa chakuti mazira oyambirira akugwa molawirira. Kukula kwa magulu (mpaka masentimita 12 m'litali ndi kufika 10 cm m'lifupi) kulemera kwa magalamu 100.

Kufotokozera zipatso

Mitunduyi imakhala ndi zipatso za mtundu woyera-wobiriwira ndi mbali ya golide ndi yoyera. Khungu likhoza kukhala ndi madontho ofiira. Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi kuzungulira, pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Mphesa zilemera mpaka 15 magalamu, khungu ndi lolemera komanso lochepa. Mkati mwa zipatsozo muli mafupa awiri kapena atatu. The zamkati ali ndi fruity wolemera fungo ndi yowutsa mudyo kukoma.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu itatu yokha ya mphesa ndi yoyenera kupanga mpeni weniweni wa French, umodzi mwawo ndi Chardonnay.

Frost kukana

Mitengo ya mphesa yoyera ya Chardonnay imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu chachisanu (20 ° C), koma imakhala yovuta kwambiri ku chisanu, choncho ndikofunikira kuti mutenge tchire. Ayenera kukhala otetezedwa mosasamala kanthu za nyengo imene mphesa zimakula.

Kukana kwa tizirombo ndi matenda

M'nyengo yamphepo, kutentha kwa nyengo kumvula ndi mvula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kukhetsa maluwa ndi zomera zimayambira.

Kuti mphesa zisamavutike ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa chodwalitsa, ndibwino kuti muwafine m'malo opuma mpweya wabwino ("Chardonnay" ingakhudzidwe ndi oidium ndi mildew).

Mildew - Imeneyi ndi mtundu wa bowa wonyamulira, umene sungadziwike m'masiku oyambirira a chiwonongeko.

Ngati ali ndi bowa, pali njira zomwe zimawonedwa ngati kusowa kwa feteleza mchere, umphawi wa nthaka kapena maonekedwe a chlorosis. Panthawiyi, matendawa amayamba kufika mpaka 8. Kutentha kumatha kutentha kutentha kwa 8 ° C, kumapeto kwa nyengo, spores za bowa zimamera ndipo zimakhala zowonjezereka. Iyi ndi njira yoyamba matenda.

Mukadwala matendawa:

• Sungani masamba, ndikupanga mawanga owoneka achikasu - mofanana ndi mafuta.
• Masamba aang'ono ali ndi zilonda zing'onozing'ono, zowonjezera 1 cm, ndipo okalamba ndi amodzi kapena amodzi, omwe amafalikira pamitsempha ya mbale.
• Gulu lonse limakhudzidwa: mphukira, masamba, zipatso, masamba.
• Pali kuchepa kwa kukula kwa chitsamba, masamba okhudzidwa akugwa.

Mmene mungapewere matenda:

• Gwiritsani ntchito madzi okwanira ndi kuthirira madzi okwanira.
• Patapita nthawi kudyetsa zomera.
• Chotsani namsongole, chepetsa mbali zowuma za mbewu, pangani chitsamba m'njira yoti mpweya wabwino ukhale bwino ndipo zomera zimatha mwamsanga mvula itatha.
• Kupopera mankhwala poletsa mildew.
• Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika 2 nthawi pa nyengo: kumapeto ndi mutatha kukolola.

Kupopera mbewu iliyonse ayenera kugawidwa mu magawo 6:

• Maonekedwe a mapepala.
• Pamaso maluwa.
• Pambuyo maluwa.
• Asanayambe kupanga ovary.
• Pamene mphukira ifika pa masentimita 12.
• Mutatha kudya.

• "Radomil";
• Amistar;
• "Avixil";
• Thanos;
• "Phindu".

Phunzirani kukonzekera bwino cuttings ndi kufalitsa njira iyi mphesa, komanso momwe kukula kwa mbewu.

Oidium - ndi powdery mildew, bowa wambiri omwe amachititsa mphesa.

Powononga zobiriwira za mbewu ndi zipatso, zimapangitsa kuti zisakhale zosayenera kwa winemaking. Zizindikiro za matenda:

• M'chaka cha mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba akuphimbidwa ndi zoyera pachimake, zopotoka ndi zouma. Pogonjetsedwa kwakukulu, ziphuphu zimakhala zakuda ndipo zimafa posachedwa.
• M'chilimwe, kufalikira kumathamanga; ovary wa zipatso amadzazidwa ndi mdima wandiweyani. Pali ming'alu ya zipatso, yovunda.

Njira zovuta:

• Kupopera mankhwala kupewa katatu pa nyengo: kumapeto ndi mutatha kukolola.
• Chithandizo chilichonse chiyenera kugawidwa m'magulu (mpaka magawo 6), ndi nthawi ya masiku 20.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene zipatso zakupsa npalibe kupopera mbewu. Pofuna kuimitsa kugonjetsedwa, panthawiyi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (5 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi).

Kukonzekera kuchipatala:

• "Horus";
• "Mwakhama";
• "Topaz".

Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mitundu

Makhalidwe mitundu ndi:

• Kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero chachikulu cha ma clones.
• Zida zapamwamba za vinyo.
• Kutha kukana nthawi yowuma.
• Mofanana kwambiri kukana chisanu.

Kuipa mitundu:

• Zochepa (pafupifupi 40%) zimapereka.
• Kutsika kwachirombo matenda a fungal.
• Zipatso zimakhala zovuta komanso zowola.
• Kufunika kwa dothi lachonde.
• Kukula kwakukulu kwa kuwonongeka kwa kasupe chisanu.

"Chardonnay" ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri, yomwe imapanga vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wapadera.