Pakati pa nyengo za chilimwe komanso okonda, zinakhala zovuta kukula nkhaka ndi masamba ena kunyumba. Momwemonso, zomera zako zidzakhala pansi pa diso loyang'anira ndikusangalala ndi zokolola zambiri. Komabe, ngakhale mbewu zokolola kunyumba zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudziwa mwatsatanetsatane za matenda a nkhaka mukakula pawindo ndi mavuto amene amadza, ndipo chithunzichi chidzakuuzeni mdani panokha.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a nkhaka zapakhomo
Ngakhale kuti matenda onse amayamba ndikukula chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ali ndi gwero lomwelo. Chifukwa chakuti zikhalidwe zanu zimakula ndipo zimakhala nthawi yaitali m'nthaka yomweyo, pang'onopang'ono zimataya katundu wake, ngakhale kuti zinyama zambiri zimadya. Komanso muzimenezi zimapanga microclimate yake. Zinthu izi, pamodzi ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ena, zimathandiza kuti mbeuyi ikhalepo pa zomera zanu.
Mukhoza kulawa nkhaka zopangidwa ndi kunyumba ngakhale kuti malo alibe dziko, kapena dacha. Zikakhala choncho, chipulumutso chokha chidzakhala nkhaka mitundu ya khonde. Dziŵani njira yopangira nkhaka kunyumba.
Matenda a mbande ndi mankhwala
Mavuto oyambirira amayamba ngakhale pamene akukula mbande - pafupifupi aliyense akuyang'ana izi. Mu gawo ili muli kufotokoza kwa matenda a nkhaka mbande pawindo ndi mankhwala awo ndi chithunzi cha matenda omwe. Mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakhala nawo ndi achikasu ndi kutambasula kwa mbande. Wotsirizira amachokera chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kapena kuwala kosakwanira. Mbande ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, kutentha kosapitirira 22 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kumafunika pokhapokha panthawi yopopera ndi kumera.Pankhani ya vutoli, ingopatsani zinthu zofunika, mbewu yanu idzawutsitsimutsa nthawi yomweyo ndikupitiriza kukonzanso.
Chikasu cha mbande chimachitika pa zifukwa zingapo. Mukakulira mumapu, mizu imakhala yochepa, imasowa zakudya. Pankhaniyi, ingokanizani mbande.
Ngati pali malo okwanira, vuto likhoza kukhalabebe nayitrogeni ngati feteleza monga Azogran kapena Vermistim ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. 
Chifukwa china chingakhale chotalika kwambiri mu makapu kapena miphika ina. Nkhaka zimafunika kuziika pamalo osatha m'tsogolo, mwinamwake mukhoza kuwavulaza.
Ngati mbewu yanu ili ndi masamba a chikasu, izi zikusonyeza kusowa kwauni. Ingosintha malo ndipo zonse zidzakhala bwino.
Kuwonjezera pa matenda ophweka, pali adani oopsa kwambiri. Pakati pafupipafupi ndi muzu wowola, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, matenda a matendawa ndi zina zotero. Chimodzi mwa matenda osakaniza a nkhaka ndi mwendo wakuda.
Msolo wakuda
Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, mfuti yakuda sikumangogwira nkhaka zokha, komanso mitengo yambiri yamaluwa. Chiwombankhanga chomwecho chimachokera ku fungal. 
Ngati panthawi ya maonekedwe a cotyledon mumadziwa kuti mizu ya mbande yanu imayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndiye kuti matendawa ayamba kale kuwagunda. Komanso, mizu imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni ndipo chiuno chimayambira pa icho. Pakali pano, mbali ya pansi ya phesi imakhala yonyowa ndipo imakhala yobiriwira. Kenaka mizu imakhala yakuda, yovunda, ndi masamba apansi kutembenukira chikasu ndi kumira.
Kutenga ndi mwendo wakuda kumachitika motere. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda Iwo amatha kukhalapo m'nthaka, akudya zokha zokha zamasamba, kotero kuti simungadziwe kuti akupezeka m'nthaka. Matenda a mwadzidzidzi angakhalenso mbewu, manyowa ndi peat.
Mukudziwa? Dziko lakale la nkhaka ndilo phazi la mapiri a Himalaya. Ngakhale tsopano iwo angapezeke kumeneko mu mawonekedwe achilendo.Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zingakhale: kuthirira madzi ozizira; kuchepa kwakukulu mu mpweya kapena kutentha kwa nthaka. Ganizirani za kutchulidwa kwa 12 ° C - izi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Polimbana ndi matendawa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuonetsetsa kuti nthaka ndi yoyera. Pofuna kupuma, ndizotheka kukonzekera nthaka ndi kukonzekera "Sulfural Colloidal" pasanayambe kubzala. Owerengera 40 g kwa pafupifupi 10 malita a madzi.
Mukhozanso kutenga Bordeaux osakaniza: 100 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa mankhwala. Nthaŵi yonseyi, kutentha kuzungulira nkhaka sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 20 ° C, ndipo madzi onse 22 ° C. Kuwonjezera pa bowa, mbewu zam'munda nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a tizilombo. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi zojambulajambula.
Mosaic
Kuzindikira zithunzi ndizosavuta. Ngati ikugunda mbande zanu, masambawo ayamba kukhala ndi mawanga achikasu ndi kupiringa. Vutoli limakhudza mbewu zokha, koma kale zamasamba. Ngati matendawa akuwonjezeka, tsinde limatuluka. Matendawa ndi mbande zowopsya kwambiri, pamene mutabzala zotsatira zabwino simungakhoze kudikira. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndiyo kuchotsa mbande ndikuyikanso ndi ena. Matendawa amapezeka kudzera m'masamba kapena m'matenda ndi namsongole.
Ndikofunikira! Vutoli limatha kukhala ndi mizu m'nyengo yozizira.Malamulo pamodzi ndi nkhaka zimakhudza tsabola, tomato, kabichi ndi mbewu zina zambiri. Matendawa sagwira osati mbande zokha, komanso akulu akulu. Koma alipo kale "tizirombo" otchuka.
Matenda a baka wamkulu
Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a akulu akulu a zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi kuphwanya kulima ndi kusamalira mbande. Ngakhale mbande zanu zili ndi thanzi labwino, zotsatira za zolakwika zikhoza kudziwonetsera okha mtsogolo mwa matenda.
Ngati tchire lanu liri ndi mvula yambiri, iwo alibe mpweya watsopano, iwo amatha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena ali ochuluka kwambiri. - zonsezi zikhoza kukhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso mizu yambiri. Ngakhalenso mbande, zomera zazikulu zimatha kuyambitsa mavairasi osiyanasiyana ndi bowa, imodzi mwa iyo ndi powdery mildew.
Mame a Mealy
Mame a mchere amaonedwa kuti ndiwo matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'munda wa mbewu, komanso kwa ena ambiri. Matendawa amaoneka ngati mawanga oyera pa masamba. Zomalizazi zimapangidwa chifukwa cha mycelium ya bowa. Zomwe zikuluzikulu za mawonekedwe a bowa ndizomwe zimakhala zowonongeka komanso kutentha, pafupifupi 15 ° C. Zokwanira kubzala mbeu zako m'masiku otere kwa masiku angapo ndipo matendawa amaperekedwa kwa iwo. Olima munda amazindikira kuti ngakhale mosamala, ngati mvula yambiri yozizira yayitali, nkhaka imayamba kudwala.
Poyamba kutentha nyengo, bowa amayamba kwambiri sporulation, matendawa kwathunthu chimakwirira wanu nkhaka. Kupulumutsa wanu tchire ndi zovuta kwambiri, choncho, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tichite zoteteza. Sikuti bowa limakhudza nkhaka komanso mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana.
Grey kuvunda
Grey kuvunda mosavuta ndi mabala a bulauni ndi kukhudza imvi. Matenda a bakiteriyawa amakhudza mbali zonse za mbeu yomweyo. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chikuchitikanso ndi mvula yambiri komanso kutentha kwa nkhaka. Pansi pazifukwazi, ali pachiopsezo chodwala. 
Pofuna kuteteza nkhungu zakuda, yang'anani mosamala zomera zanu. Mbewu ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wokwanira kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo pa mabedi musakhale malo otsalira - ndiwo omwe magwero a matendawa ali. Ngati mbeu yanu yayamba kale, yikani ndi fungicide. Zina mwa izo ndi "Bayleton" ndi pasta "Rovral". Malo okhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga. Koma matenda otsatirawa amadziwonetsera mwa njira yosiyana ndipo amalingalira makamaka pa mizu.
Kuti chitetezo ndi chithandizo cha matenda a nkhaka, izi zikugwiritsidwe ntchito: Hom, Acrobat MC, Switch, Strobe, Ordan.
Mizu yovunda
Muzu wa zitsamba ukhoza kukhala ndi khalidwe la bakiteriya ndi fungal. Kuyamba kwa matendawa kungakhale chifukwa cha mbewu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zikudwala kapena nthaka yomwe ili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Chothandizira cha kachilomboka chimauma komanso nthaka yotentha kapena saline. N'zotheka kuphunzira matenda pa kufota kwa masamba nthawi yotentha. Mzu umadetsedwa, umakhala wofiira ndi wovunda. Popeza sangathe kupereka chitsamba ndi chilichonse chomwe akuchifuna, chomeracho chimatha pang'onopang'ono. Pamene mizu imafa kwathunthu, nkhaka zimafa pambuyo pake. Mawanga pa masamba angasonyeze zina zowola.
Slerinia (zovunda zoyera)
Vuto loyera limawoneka ngati zoyera zoyera zomwe zimadetsa pang'onopang'ono. Ma nkhaka ena onsewa amadzazidwa ndi maluwa oyera, kukhala amchere komanso osungunuka. Chotsatira ndicho njira yakuwonongeka.
Chifukwa chake ndi sclerotia. Amawotchera m'nthaka ndikuchulukana mofulumira m'miyezi yambiri. Pofuna kubwezeretsanso zomera, chotsani malo odwala ndikukonzekera magawo otsala ndi makala kapena laimu. Ngati sclerotinia inagunda tchire kwambiri, ingowachotsa kwathunthu. Matenda otsatirawa ndi ovuta kwambiri. Iyo imafika mkati mwa chomera ndipo itangodziwonetsera yokha. 
Perinosporosis
Perogosporoz ndi fungaleni m'chilengedwe ndipo ikhoza kumera kuchokera nthawi yofesa, ndikudziwonetsera yokha ndi maonekedwe a zipatso. Matenda amapezeka chifukwa cha nthata kapena matenda omwe amapezeka ndi fungal mycelium.
Mukhoza kupeza matendawa ndi Shrovetide pa masamba. Pakapita nthawi, masamba otsalawo adzaphimbidwa ndi imvi pachimake. Pamene mawangawo amakula ndikuda, amauma. Nkhumba zimatha kuwononga tchire mwanu. 
Medyanka kapena anthranosis
Medyanka kapena anthranosis amadziwika osati zomera zokha, komanso zipatso zokha zimadwala. Mutha kuziwona pa mabala a bulauni pamasamba. Patapita nthawi, iwo amakhala ambiri ndipo amatembenuka wakuda. Ndiye chiwembu chimafuula ndikugwedezeka, ngati kuti chinawotchedwa ndi chinachake. Mawanga pa zipatso zowonongeka akhoza kupitirira 5 mm.
Mukudziwa? Napoleon mwiniwake analonjeza kuti adzabwezera mphoto munthu wina amene angapeze njira yosunga nkhaka zatsopano pamene akuyenda.Gwero la matenda ndi mbeu za zomera zowononga, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti musachiritse matenda, koma kuti muteteze. Pazimenezi muyenera kuyesetsa kupewa.
Kodi mungatani kuti muteteze?
Pofuna kupewa mizu yovunda, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zoyera kapena mwadongosolo. Nthaka imene mudzabzala, iyenera kukhala yokonzeka komanso yosadetsedwa.
Kuchokera ku mankhwala omwe mungagwiritse ntchito "Fitosporin-M". Ndizoyenera kuchiza ndi kupewa. Poletsa kupewa peronosporaz samalani mbeu. Ayenera kuti asankhidwe kapena azitenthedwa. N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yomwe imadziwika kuti ikutsutsana nayo.
Pamene matendawa amatuluka, spray amatanthauza "Kuprostat" kapena "MC". Ngati mumatsatira malamulo onse a kutentha, nthawi zonse mutsegule nthaka, nkhaka zanu zidzakhala zolimbana ndi matenda. Poletsa matenda a fungal, ndizothandiza kupopera mankhwalawa a marigolds.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchokera ku mabakiteriya nkhaka zanu zidzateteza zowononga. Tengani nthaka ndi mbeu musanadzalemo. Amatha kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la potassium permanganate.Onetsetsani kuti palibe namsongole, pewani tizirombo zomwe zingakhale zonyamula matenda. Kumbukirani kuti kupewa kuli bwino kusiyana ndi kuchiza.
