Mame a mvula ndi imodzi mwa matenda omwe anthu ambiri amadwala nawo. Ndikofunika kulimbana nawo, chifukwa zotsatira za matenda osasalidwa ndi imfa ya mbewu. Makamaka zosasangalatsa pamene matendawa amawononga kukongola kwa zomera zokongola.
M'nkhaniyi tikufuna kugawana malangizowo momwe tingapewere powdery mildew pa maluwa ndi zomwe tingachite ngati tigunda maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba matendawa, monga powdery mildew, analembedwa ku Ulaya mu 1907. Anatumizidwa kuchokera ku America.
Kodi powdery mildew ndi owopsa bwanji?
Olima-alimi, alimi wamaluwa ndi amalima amaluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi powdery mildew, chifukwa zimakhudza munda, tirigu, zipatso ndi mabulosi ndi zokongola.
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha nkhungu zambiri. Ngati tilankhula za maluwa, amakhala pa bowa wotchedwa "Sphaerotheca pannosaLew Var." Rosae Voron ". Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake pamasamba, zimayambira ndi maluwa a maluwa, zomera zimatayika maonekedwe ake okongoletsera, zimasiya kukula; masamba ake ali opunduka, osatululidwa; masamba amatembenukira bulauni, kutembenukira wakuda ndi kuuma. Zotsatira zake, imfa ya duwa ikhonza kuwonedwa. Ngakhale pa nthawi yoyamba ya matendawa amachepetsa kwambiri chitetezo cha zomera, ndipo sangathe kulekerera zovuta kunja, nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu iwiri ya maluwa imapezeka kwambiri ndi powdery mildew: hybrid tea ndi remontant.
Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa
Zizindikiro za powdery mildew ndizofunika kwambiri: sizizimasokoneza matendawa ndi zina zilizonse. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo za zomera zimaphimba mapepala a mealy a white gray-white white plate - mycelium. Zikuwoneka ngati zikuwoneka ngati ufa ukutsanulidwa pamapepala. Pambuyo pa mphukira zipsa, madontho amatha kuwonedwa pamapanga - kuchokera apa kuti dzina la matendawa linayambira. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, maluwawo amakhala ofiira, ndipo pamwamba pa masamba, mapesi, ang'onoang'ono a bulauni mipira amaonekera - spores.
Monga lamulo matendawa amapezeka mwezi woyamba wa chilimwe - Panthawi ino kuti spores ya bowa, yomwe idapangidwira mu thupi la zipatso pa zowonongeka, imamasulidwa. Amayamba ndi masamba apansi, pang'onopang'ono akugwira lonse maluwa.
Zinthu zabwino zomwe zimafalitsa matendawa ndi kutentha, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha kwadzidzidzi masana ndi usiku. Kawirikawiri, kutentha kwa 22 ° C ndi pamwamba ndi kokwanira ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 60-90%. 
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimafalitsa matendawa pa maluwa:
- chodzala mbande za kachilombo;
- cholakwika;
- kutsika;
- feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni;
- Kufooka kwa zakudya, makamaka phosphorus ndi potaziyamu;
- kusowa zowononga;
- kukhalapo kwa namsongole mu rosearium;
- osauka mpweya wokwanira.
Manyowa a mchere, ngakhale amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, sali ofunika kwambiri m'minda zambiri, kotero anthu nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa momwe angameretse zomera ndi kompositi yokhazikika, nkhosa, nkhumba, ng'ombe, kavalo, ndowe, nkhuku manyowa, makala, nettle, yisiti.
Njira zothandizira
Inde, monga ndi matenda alionse, ndibwino kuti musalole kuti mulole kutero kusiyana ndi kuthana ndi zotsatira zake. Choncho, njira zothandizira zimatenga malo oyambirira kulima maluwa. 
Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kuyendera zomera nthawi zonse;
- kutsata zomwe zimalimbikitsa kuti mubzala (nthaka yachitsulo, mtunda wokwanira pakati pa tchire, malo osankhidwa ndi malo okhala ndi malo abwino, otetezedwa ku mphepo);
- kuchotsa namsongole nthawi yake;
- Njira zoyenera zaulimi, kuphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikutsatira malamulo oyambitsa zowonjezera zakudya - musagonjetsedwe ndi nayitrogeni ndikuletsa kutaya kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, kukonda kupatsa zakudya zowonjezera;
- kupopera mankhwala pochita kukonzekera;
- Kukonzekera bwino kwa munda wa rose ndi kuyeretsa kwa masamba owuma ndi kukumba kwakukulu kwa mitengo ikuluikulu;
- Kusankha kubzala mitundu yopanda matenda.
Mukudziwa? Otsanzira masiku ano amabweretsa mitundu yambiri ya maluwa yomwe imakhala yosakanikirana ndi powdery mildew. Zina mwa izo ndi magulu a maluwa a zitsamba, floribund, chivundikiro cha pansi ndi kukwera.
Malinga ndi wamaluwa odziwa bwino, mitundu isanu yosagonjetsedwa ndi iyi:- "Leonardo da Vinci".
- "Ukwati Bells".
- "Dawn Yatsopano".
- "William Shakespeare 2000".
- "Rosters Yuterson".
0.25% Benomil, 0,4% Zinebu, 0.1% Readzol amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Monga lamulo, chithandizo chimachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa ndi mvula yoyambilira itatha kutaya masamba, nthawi yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi masiku 10-14.
Mzuwu umapangidwanso kuti mupewe powdery mildew, zomwe ziyenera kuchitika musanayambe maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha superphosphate (0,3%) ndi potaziyamu nitrate (0,3%).
Mankhwala a anthu
Poyamba zizindikiro za powdery mildew pa maluwa, muyenera kuyamba mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. Nawa maphikidwe othandiza. 
Chinsinsi 1. Whey (1 l), ayodini (madontho 10) osakaniza mumadzi (10 l). Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndipo zimayambira kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10.
Chinsinsi 2. Soda (40-50 g), sopo (40 g) osakaniza 10 malita a madzi. Kutaya kawiri pa sabata.
Chinsinsi 3. Manyowa atsopano (chigawo chimodzi mwa chidebe) kutsanulira madzi (10 l). Kusunga masiku atatu, kuyambitsa tsiku lililonse. Kuthamanga kupyolera mu cheesecloth. Sakanizani ndi madzi 1 mpaka 10.
Chinsinsi 4. Udzu wam'munda wodulidwa (chidebe cha hafu) kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi otentha. Onetsetsani ndi kuteteza kwa masiku awiri. Asanagwiritse ntchito, mavuto. Mawotchi, celandine, coltsfoot, plantain ndi zitsamba zina zidzachita.
Chinsinsi 5. Finely akanadulidwa adyo (80 g) kuika 10 malita a madzi, wiritsani. Sungani yankho, kupsyinjika ndikugwiritsire ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Malingaliro onse pa chithandizo cha mankhwala ochiritsira:
- Kupopera mbewu kuyenera kuchitidwa madzulo kuti asapsere pamoto.
- Musanayambe kuchiza chithandizo chatsopano chikukonzekera. Ndalama zoterozo sizingasungidwe.
- Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo kawiri, kufikira kutayika kwa ziwonongeko.
- Musanayambe kukonza, m'pofunika kuchotsa ndi kuwononga timapepala timene timayambitsa matendawa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiri samagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowononga thanzi laumunthu, komabe maso, mphuno ndi pakamwa pa mankhwala ayenera kutetezedwa kuti njira zothetsera vutoli zisagwiritsidwe ntchito mu chipanichi ndipo zisayambitse vutoli.
Kuukira kwa mankhwala
Ngati mankhwalawa akupezeka kuti sangathe kuthana ndi powdery mildew pa maluwa, m'pofunika kupititsa patsogolo njira zowononga kwambiri - kutsanulira ndi fungicides: mankhwala ochiritsira matenda a fungal.
Masiku ano, kusankha kwambiri bio-fungicides ndi systemic fungicides kumagulitsidwa.
Zina mwa njira zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi: "Skor", "Fundazol", "Maxim", "Topaz", "Baktofit", "Fundazim", "Kvadris".
Pofunafuna ndalama, m'malo mochita maluwa kuchokera ku powdery mildew, wamaluwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe akuphatikizapo:
- "Fitosporin-M".
- "Alirin-M".
- "Hamair".
- "Planriz".
Malangizo a chithandizo cha fungicides:
- Zochitika zikuchitika ndi nthawi ya masiku 10-14.
- Ndi bwino kupopera madzulo.
- Kukonzekera kuyenera kusinthidwa, chifukwa bowa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira.
Ndikofunikira! Pakapopera mbewu mankhwala ayenera kusunga njira zotetezera. Zochitika zikuchitika pa tsiku louma lopanda mphamvu. Tetezani thupi ndi suti yapadera, maso ndi magalasi, mphuno ndi pakamwa ndi maski.
Choncho, powdery mildew ndi imodzi mwa matenda akuluakulu a nkhuku omwe zomera zambiri zimawonekera. Mwamwayi, maluwa okongola a m'munda ndi amodzi. Komabe, pokhala ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa powdery mildew pa maluwa ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, mungathe kuzichotsa mu munda wanu wa rozi, mukuyang'ana njira zothandizira. Ngati sizingatheke kupeĊµa matendawa, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito alimi ovomerezeka kapena fungicides oyesedwa ndi wamaluwa, ndipo adzasiya maluwa anu.
