Pamene mukukula nkhaka, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi funso ngati akufuna kunyamula nkhaka masamba ndi kunyamula nkhaka masharubu. Tiyeni tione bwinobwino funso ili.
Kodi iwo amachita chiyani icho?
Pamene mukusamalira nkhaka, ambiri agronomists amalimbikitsa kutulutsa kapena kudula masamba. Njirayi yatha:
- kuwongolera kusintha;
- kuteteza zowola mizu;
- Kuunikira bwino kwa chomera;
- kuwonjezera zokolola za ndiwo zamasamba;
- kulumikiza bwino mbewu;
- kuchotsedwa kwa matenda, opusa ndi masamba akale;
- kutaya maluwa osabereka.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la Chirasha "nkhaka" linabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Greece wakale, kumene iwo amatcha "aguros", kutanthauza - "wosapsa, mwana"
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito (kudula) masamba
Pali njira zingapo zodula nkhaka - izi ndizofala ndi kudulira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana nkhaka. Kudulira kwadongosolo kukulimbikitsidwa kuti uchite ndi mitundu yodzichepetsera mungu. 
Kuwombera kudulira kumafunikira kokha kwa zomera zofooka ndi zomera zomwe zikudwala. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawononge bwinobwino masamba.
Werengani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka: "Kulimbika", "Nezhinsky", "Wopikisana", "German", "Zozulya".
Zonse
Kudulira kwadongosolo kumapangidwa ndi mitundu yodzichepetsera mungu. Mitundu iyi ndi nkhaka zambiri. Mitundu iyi imakula bwino mu tsinde limodzi.
Pankhaniyi, tsinde ili limakula ndipo limatha kupirira zipatso zambiri. Simungadandaule kuti zokolola zidzakhala zochepa. Pa tsinde lalikulu ili, mphukira zowonjezera zimapangidwanso. Kawirikawiri pali zambiri, ndipo zimabereka mbewu.
Musanayambe kudulira, chomeracho chimaikidwa m'magawo anayi. Gawo loyambirira ndilokhazikika pansi, lachiwiri ndilo mita imodzi yakukula (pafupifupi 4 nambala za kukula), lachitatu ndi lotsatira 0.5 mamita, motsatira, ndipo gawo lachinayi liri pamwamba.
Tiyeni tione ngati kuli kofunikira kuchotsa masamba apansi a nkhaka. Mbali yoyamba, tikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa zonse zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisokonezeke. Ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba omwe amagwira pansi ndikusanduka chikasu. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kuteteza mpweya wokwanira komanso kuteteza zowola muzu.
Pa gawo lachiwiri la chomeracho, ndibwino kuti muchepetse maluwa omwe alibe. M'dera lino, mumasiya masamba pang'ono, ndipo zipatso - amasiya masamba 3-4.
Gawo lachitatu la mbeu, katatu amasankhidwa, pomwe zipatso 3-4 zidzakula. Pa tsamba ili pitani theka la masamba. Zina zina zingasiyidwe zokha.
Kudulira kotero kumapangitsa yunifolomu yakucha ya nkhaka ndikuwapanga iwo yowutsa mudyo. Pambuyo pa kudulira kotereku kumawonjezera zokolola mu nkhwangwa zomwe sizinakhudze. Mu gawo lachinayi la mbeu, kukula kwa tsamba lachinayi kudula kuchokera pamwamba. Izi zimalola chomera kukula ndi kukula mofulumira. Kenaka, nyamayo imayikidwa pa galasi lapamwamba la waya (kapena mzere / chingwe).
Gawo ili la nkhaka limakonzedweratu - nthawi ndi nthawi timatsuko timayika pa waya, pamene kuli kofunikira kuti tifotokoze mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard. Zochita zoterezi zimapereka chiwonetsero chofanana cha mbewu ndikulola kukolola bwino.
Kuwala
Tiyeni tiwone funso ili: ndikofunikira kudula masamba pa nkhaka ndi kudulira kuwala.
Mukudziwa? Kunja kwamba nkhaka - madera otentha ndi otentha a ku India, phazi la Himalaya. Kumalo amenewa zimakula mu chilengedwe.Kuwombera kudulira kumalimbikitsidwa pamene chomera chili chofooka kapena chimayamba kuvulaza. Ndi kudulira kotereku, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzera mmbali yonse ya mphukira ndikusiya masamba omwe amayang'ana pansi kapena owuma.
Kudulira kotereku kumachitika kumbali yonse ya chomera. Komanso muyenera kuchotsa ovary owonjezera. Chotsatira chake, pafupifupi nambala zisanu ndi chimodzi za ovary ndi masamba ena ayenera kukhala pa zomera. 
Kuwombera kwakukulu kumalo kumathandiza kusintha mpweya wabwino wa chomera, kumawonjezera kuwala. Pambuyo kudulira, zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa chikwapu ndikupanga mbewu zabwino za nkhaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa ndondomeko yotere, kuthawa kumbali kungayambe pafupi ndi nthaka kuchokera pa mfundo yoyamba yoyamba. Ikhoza kumasiyidwa ndikuyikidwa pansi pamtambo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuonjezera zokolola nthawi yonseyi.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchepetsa (kuchotsa) masharubu kuti ndipeze zokolola zambiri
Agronomists ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukakamiza nkhaka, kutanthauza kudulira masamba ndi mphukira ndi njira yosafunikira. Tiyeni tiyang'ane mwatsatanetsatane, ngati kuli kofunikira kudula masamba okha a nkhaka kapena ngodya.
Nkhaka imatsitsimula mphukira za amuna ndi akazi. Mphukira yamwamuna imakula pa tsinde lalikulu. Mphukira izi ndi maluwa opanda kanthu. Iwo samapereka mbewu. Kuonjezera zokolola ziyenera kuoneka ngati mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zimakula pambali pambali.
Ndi chifukwa chake muyenera kutsinja mphukira za amuna kuchokera ku tsinde lalikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi bwino kuchoka masamba, chifukwa chifukwa cha iwo zomera zimatenga zinthu zothandiza. Mukamapindikizira muyenera kuchoka kumbali kumathamanga ndi maluwa achikazi, omwe amapereka zokolola. Ngati mphukira za amuna sizichotsedwa, ndiye kuti nkhaka idzapweteka chifukwa cha izi.
Kuti mukhale ndi chimanga chochuluka, ndi bwino kuti mupangidwe bwino pa chomera. Ngati mitundu yochuluka ya nkhaka imakula, zimalimbikitsa kutsitsa pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, musiye atatu opulumuka, ndipo chotsani china chirichonse.
Ngati mukukula mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya phesi limodzi. Pankhaniyi, otsalira otsalira ayenera kuchotsa. Kupyolera mu malangizowo angapangitse zokolola za kunyumba nkhaka.
Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka, mavwende, mavwende, zukini, sikwashi, maungu amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa mavwende ndi mavwende.
Malangizo ndi zidule
Kuwonjezera zokolola za nkhaka ayenera kudulira masamba. Zotsatirazi ndizo malangizo othandizira kuti muzitsatira pakudulira.
Malangizo:
- Dulani nkhaka zowonongeka siziyenera kwathunthu, koma mpaka kukula. Pa kudulira kwathunthu, mphukira yavulala ndipo imalira.
- Pamene maluwa ambiri osabzalidwa amapangidwa pa chomera, m'pofunika kuuma nthaka. Mutachotsa mfundo za kukula. Maluwa okongola amalira. Zitatha izi, zakudya zimalowa mumkango.
- Ngati masamba adakonzedwa kwa nthawi yaitali, zilondazo zimakhala zochepa thupi.
- Patsiku lililonse masiku khumi ndikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa masamba obiriwira, komanso masamba omwe ali pansi pa chipatsocho. Pa msinkhu wa mbewu, masamba okha okha ayenera otsalira pa mphukira. Pamwamba pa chomera sichikhudza.
- Sikoyenera kuti atsogolere makombankhanga a nkhaka, omwe ali pamwamba pa mphukira, pamtunda. Pamene ikuyamba kuyenda pamtunda, ndipo zokolola zidzasinthidwa.
- Pamene mukukula nkhaka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu, ndikofunika kupereka njuchi kupeza maluwa.
- Pamene kukolola sikuletsedwa kugwira zikhoto zomangidwa ndi chikwapu. Chifukwa amachepetsa kwambiri ovary.
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu mukamakwera nkhaka ndizowona motere: onetsetsani kuti mukupereka bwino pamwamba pa mphukira ikukula.
Pambuyo pazitali zakumtunda zikufika kumtunda, sizingatheke kulowera ndege yopanda malire pamodzi ndi trellis.
Kuchita kotero kumayambitsa kupanga "chihema" cha nkhaka. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa chomera ndi kuchepetsa zokolola.
Ndikofunikira! Mkwapu, umene umaponyedwa pamwamba pa trellis, umakula kotero kuti ngakhale utakhala nawo, udzapitirizabe kuuma mosiyana. Njirayi iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi pa sabata. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kamodzi pa sabata muyenera kutsogolera pansi, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kumunda.
Choncho, tsopano tikudziwa yankho la funsoli: kodi ndikofunikira kudula masamba ku nkhaka komanso kuti tipewe masharubu ochokera ku nkhaka?Choncho, ngati mumadula masamba nthawi ndi nthawi, mukhoza kuonjezera zokolola zambiri, ndipo kudulira kumathandiza kusamalira zomera.
