Zimatengera nthawi yochuluka ndi khama kuti likhale ndi mbeu, kotero ndikofunika kukolola ndikuzizira kuti nyengo yambiri isanuke. Pakati pazitsamba zonse, kaloti amadziwika kuti ndi yopanda nzeru kwambiri. Choncho ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungasonkhanitsire ndi kukonzekeretsa kaloti kuti musungidwe kwa nthawi yaitali yozizira.
Lamulo lokolola ndi kukonzekera masamba osungirako
Kodi kusunga kaloti m'nyengo yozizira, kutsogolo ndi zokolola zolondola. Sankhani pamabedi ayambe, monga lamulo, pakati pa mwezi wa September-October. Nthawi yeniyeni imadalira kuchuluka kwa masiku a dzuwa m'nyengo. Kuwonjezera masamba kuti iye sakuopa woyamba chisanu. Ndikofunika kuchotsa mu nyengo yozizira ndi youma kuchokera ku nthaka youma kapena yonyowa pokonza, ndipo ndikwanira kuumitsa pang'ono.
Pofuna kusunga nthawi yokolola, muyenera kuchichotsa pansi popanda kuwononga. Pakuti karoti poddevyat mphanda, kugwira pamwamba. Pamene kukumba ndikofunika kuti asawononge khungu la karoti, mwinamwake ilo lidzavunda mwamsanga pa yosungirako. 
Kuumitsa mizu iyenera kukhala yisanayike m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Ngati nyengo ili yabwino, ingoyikani pamunda ndikusiya maola angapo. Ngati mvula imakhala yonyowa, yumeka pakatsekedwa, koma mpweya wokwanira. Pofuna kuchita izi, zokolola zimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi pamatope kuti mizu isakhudze. Ngati atasonkhanitsidwa m'nyengo yamvula, kuyanika kwachedwa kwa masiku angapo.
Koma izi sizinthu zokhazokha za funso lovuta, kusunga kaloti kunyumba. Pambuyo kuyanika, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi dothi, koma ngati zouluka za dziko lapansi zakhazikika, siziyenera kuchotsedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, timakolola mbewu, ndikuika pambali zitsanzo zomwe zawonongeka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mkati mwa zowonongeka khungu kupita ku masamba, kuyambitsa njira yovunda. Chikho chimodzi chowonongeka ndi chokwanira kuthetsa mwamsanga mbewu yonse.
Anasweka koma mizu youma ikhoza kuikidwa pambali ndi kusungidwa mosiyana. Kuonongeka kungatengedwe kunyumba ndikusungidwa mu firiji, pang'onopang'ono ntchito. 
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pakukonza ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kuchotsa nsonga kuchokera ku zipatso ndikukonza mizu ndi kukula. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa ndi mpeni kuti 1-2 mm wa masamba obiriwira akhalebe pamwamba pa mizu. Nthawi zina masamba amachotsedwa pamene karoti akadali pamunda, koma panopa ndi kovuta kukumba. Pankhani yosankha, nkofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mbewu. Poyamba, amathera makope ang'onoang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake - akuluakulu.
Mitengo, radishes, turnips, parsnips, celery, parsley, rutabaga, mphuno, scorzonera ndi daikon ndizo zowonjezera mbewu ndipo zimakhala malo amodzi pakati pa chakudya cha zomera.
Zinthu zosungira
Kodi mungasunge bwanji kaloti m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi, kotero kuti sichikumera, chouma ndi kuvunda? Pachifukwachi, kutentha kwa firiji kumayenera kusungidwa mumtundu wambiri - / + 2 ° C komanso pa chinyezi cha 90-95%. Mlengalenga sayenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, mwinamwake masamba adzayamba kuphuka. Koma sayenera kuwononga.
Ndikofunikira! Yesani kusunga kaloti ndi zina zamasamba ndi maapulo. Zipatso zimatulutsa mpweya wa ethylene m'mlengalenga, chifukwa masamba amatha kuchepa mosavuta.
Chipinda chapansi kapena chipinda chapansi pa nyumbayi chiyenera kukhala ndi madzi, kutsekemera komanso mpweya wabwino. Musanayambe kutulutsa mbewu mmenemo, iyenera kutsukidwa ndi zinyalala, zochepa za kukolola kwa chaka chatha. Mahala, makoma, ndi denga ziyenera kutetezedwa mosalekeza ndi kufulumira. Ngati, musanachepetse m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kuti mupitirize kukolola kwa mlungu umodzi kapena awiri m'nyumba mkati kutentha kwa 13-15 ° C, mungathe kudziwa masamba osokonezeka omwe anaphonya posankha.
Mukudziwa? Kaloti amafala padziko lonse kuchokera ku Afghanistan. Kumeneko zamasamba zakutchire zili ndi mtundu wofiirira, nthawi zina wachikasu kapena woyera. Kaloti ya lalanje imene timagwiritsidwa ntchito inali yofesedwa ndi obereketsa a Netherlands pofuna kulemekeza maluwa a banja lachifumu la mafumu a Oranian.
Momwe mungasunge kaloti: njira zotchuka zoteteza mizu masamba
Pali njira zambiri zoyika kaloti m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba yosungira.
Mu dongo
Asanalowetsedwe, mizu ya masamba imalowetsedwa mu dongo, kupanga chophimba chotetezera pa masamba. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi: kutsanulira kwathunthu kapena kuthira zipatso zonse. Pachiyambi choyamba, muyenera kuchepetsa theka la chidebe chadongo ndi madzi ndikudikirira pafupi tsiku. Iyo ikakula, imayidwanso kachiwiri ndi madzi, imagwedezeka bwino ndipo imapita kwa masiku atatu kapena anai. Kenaka tengani mabokosi omwe mukukonzekera kusunga mbewu, yomwe ili ndi filimu, kaloti amaikidwa pa iwo kuti zipatso zisakhudzizane. Tsopano ikhoza kutsanulidwa ndi wosanjikiza dothi, lomwe liyenera kukhala losasinthasintha la kirimu wowawasa. Pamene mzerewo uuma, thanani zotsatirazi. Ntchitoyi imabwerezedwa mpaka bokosi liri lonse.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kukonzekera mitundu iwiri ya oyankhula. Pakuti yoyamba galasi ya adyo imadutsa mwa chopukusira nyama ndi kutsanulira awiri malita a madzi. Kwachiwiri, dothi limadzipukutidwa ndi madzi kuti likhale losavuta kwambiri, kotero kuti silinachoke pamwamba pa masamba. Kenaka mzuzu uliwonse umathira choyamba mu adyo, ndiye udongo phala ndi kuuma mu chipinda chabwino cha mpweya. Mukameta, ikani mabokosi ndikuiika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi.
Mchenga
Mchenga wotchedwa loamy umagwiritsidwa ntchito yosungirako m'malo mwa mchenga wa mchenga, chifukwa umakhala ndi chinyezi bwino, umakhala ndi kutentha nthawi zonse ndipo umalepheretsa kukula kwa zowola pa zipatso. Pofuna kuthira, kuthira madzi pa lita imodzi pa ndowa ya mchenga. Gawo lokonzekera limatsanulira pansi pa bokosi pafupifupi 5 masentimita wandiweyani, kufalitsa kaloti kuti zipatso zisakhudze wina ndi mzake, kenako agone ndi mchenga. Ntchitoyi imabwerezedwa mpaka bokosi liri lonse. Amaluwa ena amagwiritsa ntchito mchenga wouma kuti asungidwe. Komanso, mmalo mwa mabokosiwo muli zidebe zambiri zamba.
Mukudziwa? Ku Ulaya, kaloti amadziwika ngati zipatso, osati monga masamba. Chowonadi n'chakuti a Chipwitikizi adaphunzira kuti azipulumuka kwambiri kuchokera pamene masambawa akuwonekera m'minda yawo ya ndiwo zamasamba. Ndipo malingana ndi malamulo a m'deralo akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zokha.
Moss ndi kaloti
Zomera zimasungidwa bwino mosungira mtundu wa sphagnum. Lili ndi zotetezera, imakhala ndi carbon dioxide. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zowala kwambiri kuposa mchenga kapena dongo lomwelo. Kaloti amayamba kuuma, koma osatsukidwa, ndiyeno amasunga tsiku pamalo ozizira. Pambuyo pake, mbewuyo imayikidwa muzitsulo mu bokosi, kusinthana mmagawo a moss.
Anyezi Husk
Mankhusu anyezi ndi adyo ali ndi mafuta ofunika omwe amaletsa kuvunda. Pofuna kusunga zokolola motere, pansi pa bokosilo ndilozaza ndi nkhono, ndiye kuti kaloti yowonongeka imatulutsidwa. Kotero bokosi ladzaza pamwamba.
Phunzirani kusunga mbatata, anyezi, kaloti, beets, kabichi m'nyengo yozizira.
Mu coniferous utuchi
Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti coniferous utuchi uli ndi phytoncides, yomwe imangoteteza mabakiteriya ndi bowa kuti asatulukire masamba, komanso amalepheretsa mbewu kumera. Kwa yosungirako, kaloti ndi utuchi zimayikidwa mu zigawo molingana ndi mfundo yomwe tatchula pamwambapa.
Mu choko yankho
Pofuna kukonza choko, choko imadzipangidwira ndi madzi kufikira atakhala ndi madzi ofanana. Kenaka karoti imalowa mkati mwake, zouma ndikuyikidwa mu bokosi la yosungirako. 10 kg ya kaloti amafunika kukhala pafupifupi 200 g ya choko. Ndi kuchuluka kwa izo, mungathe kungopaka ufa popanda madzi. Chalk ili ndi zinthu zamchere zomwe zimaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chalk ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga, kugona mu bokosi, ndiyeno kumamatira kaloti mmenemo kuti mapeto akuda akhale pamwamba. Iye, nayenso, ayenera kuwaza ndi choko.
Mukudziwa? Amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kaloti zambiri kumathandiza kupanga mapangidwe a khansa, ngati tikukamba za osuta komanso anthu ogwira ntchito ndi ma asbesto. Kwa ena onse, ndizomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri poletsa zivundi zoopsa.
Mu phukusi
Zokolola zikhoza kutsanuliridwa mu matumba apulasitiki ndi mphamvu ya makilogalamu 5 mpaka 30 ndipo amasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kutseguka. Pankhaniyi, mkati mwa phukusi, chinyezi chofunika chimakhalabe pamsinkhu wa 96-98%, zomwe zimaletsa kaloti kuti isapitirire. Amapezeranso carbon dioxide yotulutsidwa ndi chipatso, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya. Koma simungathe kumangiriza matumbawa, mwinamwake kuwonjezeka kwake kudzawonjezereka, chifukwa cha zomwe mbeuyo idzasokoneze. Nthawi zambiri, matumba ayenera kukhala ndi mipata yotsegula mpweya.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zina pamakhala chinyezi chapamwamba mu chipinda mumatumba a madzi osungunuka. Pofuna kupewa izi, pambali pawo penyani ziphuphu, zomwe zimatulutsa chinyezi.
Pa kama
Nthawi zina mbewu imasiyidwa m'munda m'nyengo yachisanu, kumapeto kwa nyengo kuti mukhale ndi masamba atsopano. Kuti kaloti iwonongeke nthawi yosungirako, nsongazo zatha, bedi liri ndi mchenga wambiri. Kenaka tsanulirani pogona potsatira zotsatirazi: filimu, utuchi, masamba owuma, humus kapena peat, kutukuta kumverera, filimu. Pankhaniyi, masamba mpaka masika amasunga kukoma kwake, akadakhala atsopano.
Nkhosa, nkhumba, ng'ombe, kalulu ndi humus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisa kaloti m'munda m'nyengo yozizira.
Kodi karoti ikhoza kusungidwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Njira zosiyanasiyana zozisungirako zimapereka nthawi zosiyanasiyana kuti mbewuzo zikhale zatsopano. Choncho, mu utuchi, dongo, mankhusu, choko m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, zimatha kukhala chaka. Nthawi zambiri kaloti ikhoza kukhala mufiriji. Mubokosi la mchenga limatsimikiziridwa kunama kwa miyezi 5-8. Chikwama cha pulasitiki chimakulolani kuti musungireko osaposa miyezi inayi. Ngati mukudziwa kusunga kaloti m'firiji, mungakhale ndi masamba atsopano kwa miyezi iwiri. M'bokosi la khonde, amagona kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo kaloti akhoza kusungidwa kufikira masika.
Kuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kaloti watsopano, sungani izo mosiyana. Ndiye ngakhale chimodzi mwa izo chikulephera ndipo gawo lina la mbewu likufa, inu muli nawo mwayi wopulumutsa gawo lina mpaka masika. 
Gulu lapamwamba la kusungirako
Kusankha njira yopulumutsira kaloti, m'pofunika kuganizira za makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Sikuti zonsezi zinapangidwa kuti zisungidwe nthawi yaitali. Choyamba, tiyenera kuganizira nthawi ya chitukuko cha masamba. Kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, mitundu yomwe ikukula nyengo ya masiku 120 kapena kuposa ndi yabwino. Izi ndi zaka zapakati pa nyengo komanso pakati pa mitundu yochedwa, monga "Valeria", "Chance", "Tsarano", "Mkuntho", "Samson", "Rosal", "Monanta" ndi ena.
Onani mitundu yabwino ya karoti ku Siberia ndi ku Moscow.Chofunika kwambiri kuti zisungidwe nthawi yaitali chikhale ngati "nyengo yozizira ya Moscow" yomwe imawonjezera kukolola kwakukulu. Wachikulire "Nantes" amaperekanso zokolola zochuluka ndipo amalimbikitsa kukula bwino. Pakatikatikati pa nyengo nyengo zosiyanasiyana "shantane" kupatula nthawi yosungirako nthawi zambiri amakhala okoma mukumva ndi fungo lapadera.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mukuvutika kuti mudziwe mtundu wa kaloti womwe wabzalidwa pa webusaitiyi, yang'anani pa mawonekedwe a mizu. Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndifupikitsa zipatso monga "kaloti wa Parisiya" imakhala yoipitsitsa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya conical.Kaloti amasungidwa bwino, omwe nthawi yokolola inali masiku 100-110. Koma ziyenera kukumbukira kuti, kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, zikhalidwe zomwe zimalimidwa zimakhudza khalidwe la kusunga mbewu: kuchuluka kwa feteleza, feteleza, nthaka, ndi zina zotero.
Werengani za feteleza ndi kudyetsa kaloti pamalo otseguka.
