Currant yakhala ikukhala "yolembetsa" m'madera akumidzi. Ena amalima tchire, pamene ena amafesa minda yonse. Zipatso za mizere yofiira, yakuda ndi yoyera imadziwika kwa onse. Koma palinso mtundu wina umene ukupezeka kutchuka.
Talingalirani zomwe zimaoneka ngati golide currant, yang'anirani momwe akufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi kuona zithunzi za chitsamba chino.
Kufotokozera za mitundu
Chilengedwe ndi kumadzulo kwa United States, kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Canada ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico. Ku Russian Federation, amakula m'madera onse a ku Ulaya, m'madera akutali a Far East ndi ku Caucasus.
Ndimwamba kwambiri (mpaka 2-2.3 m) shrub ndi korona wozungulira, nthambi zolunjika ndi mizu yamphamvu yaitali yomwe imatha kufika mamita 1.5. Masambawa amakhala otalika atatu, mpaka masentimita asanu m'litali, ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. M'dzinja, mtundu umasintha ku lalanje, maroon, wofiira kapena lamukasu. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika mu August (ngati chitsamba sichinali otplodonosil). Mu maonekedwe, amawoneka ngati gooseberries, ndipo ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kuposa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito currants, choncho chomera nthawi zambiri cholakwika chifukwa wosakanizidwa. Pakali pano, ndi mitundu yosiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo siyimera yokha, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mukukolola, muyenera kubzala mitengo yambiri yozungulira pafupi. Choncho limbitsani kutuluka kwa mazira oyambirira.Kumapeto kwa May, nyengo ya maluwa imayamba, yomwe imatha masabata awiri. Panthawiyi, pamapakati aifupi, maluwa ambili a golidi amaoneka, akukoma fungo lonunkhira.
Mudzakhalanso wofunitsitsa kuphunzira za currants wakuda, wofiira ndi woyera.July ndi nthawi ya fruiting. Mukhoza kusonkhanitsa zipatso zazing'ono. Izi "mipira" 4-8 mm mu kukula zimasiyana ndi mtundu: nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera chikasu, ngakhale kuti zofiira ndi mdima zimakhalanso zachilendo. Amamva kukoma, ndi zowawa. Mchira nthawi zambiri sizimachokera.
Zipatso m'chaka chachitatu chitatha, ndipo chiwongoladzanja cha zokolola chikugwa m'zaka za 5-7 (mosamala mosamala, chosonkhanitsa chabwino chikupezeka m'chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu). Malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana, 4-8 makilogalamu a zipatso achotsedwa ku chitsamba.Izi zimagwirizanitsa ndi mitundu ina ya kudzichepetsa kwake - imakhala yotsutsana ndi chilala.
Momwe mungagulire mbande
Musanagule, ndibwino kukumbukira zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza kuti sapling bwino. Nazi izi:
- Mizu yachizolowezi. Chitsamba chiyenera kukhala ndi 3-5 zazikulu mizu 15-20 masentimita yaitali. Ngati makungwa awo asanduka achikasu - palibe chowopsya. Chinthu chachikulu - kukhalapo kwa mizu ya fibrous.
Mukudziwa? Zakudya 35-40 zimadya zomwe zimafunikira tsiku lililonse kuti thupi likhale ndi vitamini C. N'zoona kuti ndi bwino kudya zipatso zatsopano.
- Mphukira ziwiri za mlengalenga 30-40 cm kutalika zidzakwanira kuti chitsamba chiyambe. Iwo akhoza kupereka ndi kubzala ndi mphukira imodzi, njira iyi ndi yeniyeni - mizu "kukokera" iyo.
- Chikhalidwe cha chomera. Mapuloteni, mabala, kudumpha pa nthambi "peel" sizimatulutsidwa. Ndikufuna chitsamba chonse.
- Samalani malo ogulitsa. Ngati tchire tating'ono taima tsiku lonse kutentha, pali ngozi yoti imangofa.
Mukatumiza nsonga za mphukira ndi mizu zikhoza kuonongeka pang'ono - ziyenera kukonzedwa mosamala pamalo abwino. Kotero kuti rhizome sumauma pamsewu wopita ku dacha, yophimbidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa ndipo ili ndi phukusi pamwamba.Malamulo obwera
Kwa munthu wolima munda, kubzala tchire kumaloko sikukhala kovuta. Ngakhale kuti kuli kovuta kumakhala kosavuta, ngati mumadziwa maonekedwe onse a ntchito yotereyi.
Nthawi yabwino
Mukhoza kubzala baka onse kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi m'dzinja. Chinthu chokha ndichoti nthawiyi iwerengedweratu kuti iwononge "kugwa" kwa chomera chachisanu mu chisanu. 
Masika "nyengo" ya kubzala imatha pa March, ndiko kuti, kusanayambe kwa kuyamwa kwakukulu. Ndikofunika "kugwira" kamphindi ndikugwira nthawi isanayambe maluwa (ndithudi, kusintha kwa nyengo m'deralo).
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera pa "chitsamba" njira yakukula ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga thunthu mutuluka mphukira yamphamvu yoposa 70-75 cm, kudula ena onse. M'kupita kwina, mitundu ina ya currant ikhoza kugwiritsidwa pamtengo wotero.Ambiri amayesera kubzala currants mu kugwa, mu masabata awiri oyambirira a Oktoba. M'nyengo yozizira, nthaka idzakhala yowonongeka, chomeracho chidzakhala champhamvu ndipo kuyambika kwa kutentha kumakula msanga.
Phunzirani za mitundu yabwino ya currants yanu.
Kusankha malo
Zokonzedwa ndi nthaka iliyonse - kuchokera kuuma acidified kuti madzi amchere. Sandy loam kapena loam ndiyenso. Kwa madzi apansi, pali chofunika chimodzi: malo mozama (mita imodzi pansipa). Mbali yapamwamba idzavulaza zomera zokha.
Malowa ayenera kuyatsa bwino, ngati palibe zotheka - mthunzi wa padera ndi woyenera. 
Chiwembucho ndi chophweka, nthawi zambiri kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo kumadzulo kwa kanyumba.
Mutha kuyika chitsamba pafupi ndi mpanda, kuchoka pa mpanda pafupi mamita 1.
Kukonzekera dothi ndikofunikanso. Nthaka imadulidwa, namsongole amachotsedwa ndi mafosholo amakoka mpaka kuya kwa bayonet. Kwa masabata 2-3 nthaka ndi umuna. Pazithunzi 1. M moyenera perekani 6-8 makilogalamu a kompositi ndi 20-30 g wa potashi.
Mukudziwa? Mukhoza kuwona currants pafupifupi kumbali zonse za dziko lapansi. Zokhazokha ndi Australia ndi Antarctica.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Chilichonse chikukonzekera kubwerera, pitirizani:
- kukumba dzenje 50 x 60 cm;
- manyowa ovunda aikidwa mu dzenje, kuwonjezera galasi la nkhuni phulusa ndi superphosphate ku galasi;
- ndiye ndidzaza ndi madzi;
- Tengani nyembazo ndi kuziyika modekha mu dzenje. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, khosi lazu limakula ndi 6-7 masentimita. Pano pali khola limodzi - chomera chimayambidwa pang'onopang'ono (ndi momwe mizu yatsopano ingakhalire bwino). Ngati mwangoyamba kuyika sapling molunjika, mwinamwake kuti zimayambira zatsopano siziwoneka;
- Imakhalabe yakuwaza ndi dziko lapansi, pang'onopang'ono kudula nthaka ndi chala kumbali ya thunthu. Kutsanulira pang'onopang'ono kumapangidwanso: Mwachitsanzo, chitsamba cha zaka 3-4 chidzakhala ndi zidebe 3-4 za madzi, pamene achinyamata akufunikira 5-7.
Mtengo wobzala umatengedwa ngati 2.5 x 1.2 mamita. Ndikoyenera kuti, kuyamba kuyambitsa mbande mu ngalande imodzi, mwinamwake iwo amangokwatirana ndi mizu. Dziwani kuti bwino kubzala zakuthupi amawoneka kuti 2-3 zaka baka ndi 3-4 amphamvu mphukira ndi yaitali mitsempha mizu (20-25 masentimita aliyense). Pamalo awo akumwamba, masamba 5-6 otsala, otsalira achotsedwa ndi secateurs.Kusamalira bwino - lonjezo la kukolola kolemera
Tidziwa kale kusiyana pakati pa currant ya golidi, mmene kubzala kwake kwachitidwa, ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tione momwe chisamaliro cha tchirechi chimapangidwira.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala, rhizome ikhoza kuchitidwa kwa maola 2-3 mu biologically yogwira yankho, kenako kumizidwa m'madzi kwa masiku angapo. Palinso njira yophweka - kusunga madzi mpaka muzu utaya lobe yatsopano.
Kuthirira, kupalira ndi kumasula
Kusamba mobwerezabwereza sikofunikira, 3-5 njira zowonjezera pa nyengo yokula.
Madzi amatsanuliridwa mu mzere wozungulira, kuyesera kuti asakhudze masamba. Chimake pa chitsamba chaching'ono ndi 10-20 malita. Mitengo yambiri ya "wokalamba" idzafuna 30-35 malita a madzi. 
Kwa minda yayikulu, njira yokonzera ndi yoyenera - ndi momwe mchere umatetezera, ndipo sikoyenera kuthamanga ndi ndowa, ndikwanira kusintha mutu.
Asanayambe kuphukira (kumayambiriro kwa masika) kapena masana atagwa (kumapeto kwa September), kuthirira mozama kumachitika, komwe kumaumitsa tchire ndipo cholinga chake chimakula kwambiri.
Kuweta kumachitika ngati pakufunika: namsongole atangoonekera, amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Koma ndi zofunika kumasula pambuyo kuthirira. "Kudza" nthaka, mumapereka mpweya ku mizu. Kulimbitsa sikoyenera, pokhapokha dziko lapansi lidzatengeka ndikuyamba kutha.
Feteleza
Kuwoneka kolimba sikutanthauza nthawi zambiri feteleza. 
The humus kuikidwa pamtengo adzakhala okwanira kwa zaka 2. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu, kumapeto kwa tchire timadyetsedwa: zitosi za mbalame kapena manyowa omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi zovuta "madzi amchere" amaikidwa mu mizu ya mizu.
M'dzinja, 4-4.5 makilogalamu a kompositi kapena humus akhoza kuikidwa pansi pa chitsamba. Panthawi yomweyi yonjezerani potaziyamu sulphate ndi superphosphate (20 g). Amalowetsedwa ndi phulusa, zomwe zimatenga theka la chikho.
Zidzakhalanso zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe za zakudya zowonjezera mvula.Makina olimbikitsa amchere kapena "mankhwala" sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza.
Mulching
Thirani chingwe cha mulch pambuyo pa kuthirira madzi, kotero sungani chinyezi. Monga kuvala kwa currants ntchito:
- peat;
- udzu wouma;
- kompositi;
Mukudziwa? Mavitamini ochepa amakhala ndi vitamini C kuposa mavitamini.
- manyowa. Manyowa owongolera amaikidwa kuti asakhudze nthambi.
Firimuyi imathandizanso kuti nyengo ikhale yozizira, koma iyenera kuvala mauta okolola ndipo nthawi zambiri imakonza - sikuyenera kukhala pafupi ndi nthaka. Ngati dacha imayendera nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kukana zinthu zimenezi.
Kudulira
Mitundu ya golidi ya golide imakondweretsa diso la mlimi, koma amafunikanso kudulira nthawi yake.
Tiyeni tinene nthawi yomweyo - chaka choyamba sichikuchitika. Kuyambira pa chaka chachiwiri kuchoka pansi, njirayi imachitika pachaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Poonjezera zotsatira, mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa masika (mpaka maluwawo asungunuka). M'chaka chachiwiri muzisiya 3-5 mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri. M'kupita kwanthawi, iwo adzasokonezeka. Njira zofooka, shaded ndi zosokoneza zimachotsedwa. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nthambi zazing'ono zimachepetsedweratu ndi kukanikiza masamba awiri. Izi ndi zofunika kuti apange chitsamba: Zipatso zimakula pa nthambi zakale ndipo kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano kumafulumira.
Ndikofunikira! Mutachotsa masamba ouma kapena odwala, musamawasungire mu kompositi. Ndi bwino kuwotcha nthawi yomweyo - sikulola kuti matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ziwonekere.M'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinai, chirichonse chimabwereza. Makamaka amalipidwa kukonza nthambi zina pakati pa chitsamba. Pa kuyala, adayambira pa nthambi za zaka 2-3, kusiya masamba osaposa anayi. Chitsamba chikuwoneka kuti chinapangidwa.
Zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za kukula ndi nthawi yoyamba kudulira "anyamata". Nthambi zakale kwambiri zimadulidwa mochepa. Mofanana ndi izi, nthambi zowuma, matenda, owonjezera, kapena zowonongedwa zimachotsedwa. 
Chiwembu cha kudulira chaka ndi chaka chimaphatikizapo motere:
- pa mphukira za chaka chatha kuyeretsa pamwamba;
- pa nthambi 2, 3, ndi 4, amachepetsa nthambi, kusiya masamba 2-3;
- za mphukira zazing'ono zimachokera kulonjeza kwambiri;
- Nthawi yabwino yosinthana idzakhala pakati pa mwezi wa July;
- Nthambi zowuma zimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, mosasamala nthawi ya maonekedwe awo.
Kukumba pakati pa mizere
Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi nthawi yophukira kukumba. Kwa dothi lolemera ndi lamdima, ndilofunikira, pamene nthaka yowala idzatulutsidwa mokwanira.
Pafupi ndi korona kukumba mpaka kuya masentimita 6, kuti musawononge rhizomes. Kunja korona, mukhoza kutenga kuya 10-15 masentimita.
Mukudziwa? Yaikulu m'dera lathu ndi mitundu ya currant "Yadrenaya". Dzinali ndi loyenera - zipatso zimakula mpaka 7-8 g iliyonse.Njira yosavuta koma yogwira mtima imalimbikitsa tchire, imapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda mpaka mizu ndipo imateteza zomera kuchokera ku tizirombo zomwe zimakonda kubisala pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kuchiza ndi matenda
Mitunduyi imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero kupewa kumabwera.
Chithandizo choteteza chisanachitike kasupe kudulira. Mpaka madzi akuyendetsedwe, gwiritsani ntchito njira yotentha. Ndizosavuta: madzi amatha kutentha mpaka madigiri 80, kenaka tchire timathiriridwa ndi madziwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira. Chidebe cha 10-lita ndikwanira kwa chitsamba chachikulu chachiwiri.
Phunzirani zambiri za matenda a currant ndi tizirombo.Musanayambe kuphuka, tchire timapukutidwa ndi 2% yankho la Karbofos kapena Nitrofen. Pamene tchire likukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "Readzole" - kupewa nthawi ndi nthawi kudzapindula. Kuti mukhale wangwiro, Bordeaux madzi ofooketsa otsika (mpaka 2%) amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pambuyo pa kudulira, tchire tokha ndi nthaka pansi pake zimaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a sulfure (1%) kapena Karbofos (2%).
Mukachita zinthu zoterezi panthawi yake, chiopsezo cha matenda chichepa. 
Ndi tizirombo kovuta kwambiri. Amatha kupita ku currants kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zakhala zikukhudzidwa kale kapena kumalo oyandikana nawo. Wamaluwa makamaka amaluma nthata zosiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kubzala currant kumangokhala ndondomeko yanu, samverani mitundu yambiri ya golidi: "Isabella", "Ermak", "Laysan", "Shafak", "Uzbekistan", "Venus".Mbalame yamadzi amadzidzidzimadzi amadziwika ngati masamba oyera kapena ofiira omwe amasiya kukula ndi kuuma. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamene impso zikukula kapena patangopita maluwa, gwiritsani ntchito Karbofos 50% (tenga 20-30 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Ogwira anyezi ndi anyezi opangidwa ndi zokongoletsera, "kusakaniza", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale tsiku.
Mphukira imatulutsa masamba pamasamba, omwe amayamba kufa ndikuyamba kufa. Ikhoza kuwonekera nthawi iliyonse, ndipo njira zothana nayo ndizosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yopangira brush mu maphunzirowo ndi colloidal sulfure (10 malita - 75 g ya kuyimitsidwa). Pambuyo maluwa, ndondomeko yake yafupika kukhala 1%. Nthawi yomweyo, "Tedion" (0.4%) kapena "Ester sulfonate" (0.5%) ndi yoyenera.
Makungwawo nthawi zambiri amakhala pamakungwa. Amachichotsa mwa kupopera tchire ndi phala la nitrophenic monga mawonekedwe a 2% (250 g pa 10 l). Zimakhala bwino m'chaka, pogona. Kenaka anagwiritsa ntchito "Karbofos" 50% (20-30 g pa ndowa). 
The sawfly silingalole chlorofos solution (0.2-0.3%).
Mukudziwa? 1 makilogalamu a zipatso ali ndi mbewu zosachepera 700,000. Kulemera kwa 1 chikwi kumadalira zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimasiyana kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 1.8 g.Chophimba chophimba galasi chidzafa ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito "Aktar" 0.1% pambuyo pa maluwa kapena kupiritsa mapiritsi monga "Spark" m'madzi. Njira yowonjezera ndi mpiru kulowetsedwa ndi Kuwonjezera kwa tansy, nsonga za phwetekere ndi celandine.
Mphutsi ya midge imawonongedwa ndi yemweyo "Karbofos" (30 g / 10 l). Pamutu womwewo ukhoza kutengedwa ndi 20 g ya "Trichlormetaphos". Vuto ndilokuti pali mavitamini ambiri - amawonjezera mphukira kwa mphutsi. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wa pinki kapena lalanje. Amachotsedwa ndi zofanana, koma masabata angapo atatha zipatso, kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kumafunika.
Zothandiza
Currant, kuphatikizapo golidi, ili ndi phindu lake. Zipatso zake zili ndi vitamini A kwambiri kuposa mabulosi ena onse. Carotin amakhalanso wambiri - ngakhale kuposa apricots. Tsatirani zinthu monga pectin ndi anthocyanin ndizolimbikitsa kulimbitsa thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu golidi zipatso ndi zowonongeka, zomwe zimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la m'mimba ntchito.
Pofananitsa ndi zidulo zomwe zimapezeka mmenemo - ascorbic, citric, amber, malic ndi ena ambiri amapanga currants bwino kwambiri kuwonjezera kumwa tiyi.
Ndikofunikira! Mmodzi wa "oyandikana nawo" abwino kwambiri m'dera la currants adzakhala anyezi (adyo imayankhira tizirombo). Ponena za oyambirira "latka", akhoza kukhala mtundu uliwonse wa ndiwo zamasamba.Zipatso zingathe kudyedwa mwamsanga, musiye jams ndi jams, komanso kuzizira. Iwo ndi oyenerera monga chogwiritsira ntchito m'mavinyo kapena ma liqueurs.
Zoona, pali chinthu chimodzi chimene mafani a infusoni osiyana ndi tiyi ayenera kuganizira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti masamba, masamba ndi maluwa (makamaka achinyamata) ali ndi prussic acid, ndipo sangathe kutengedwa kuti aziwotcherera, komanso kulowetsedwa.
Pambuyo podziwa zonse za kuswana kwa currant ya golide, ambiri akufuna kudzala tchire tating'ono pa tsamba. Tikukhulupirira kuti iwo adzakondweretsa eni ake. Khalani ndi zokolola zabwino!
