Ngati muli ndi kanyumba kakang'ono m'deralo, bwanji bwanji osayamba kuswana carp pamenepo? Pakati pa "ubwino" wa ntchitoyi, akatswiri amadziwa kufunika kwa zakudya, kukula kofulumira ndi chikhalidwe chosasunthika cha nsomba ndi madzi. Komanso, nyama yake imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi thupi la munthu. Kodi mlimi wa nsomba ayenera kudziwa bwanji, kukonzekera dziwe pa dacha ndi zovuta zotani pakubwerekera mapepala - mudzaphunzira izi zonse kuchokera mu nkhaniyi.
Mafotokozedwe a nsomba zamadzi
Akatswiri a zamagetsi amasonyeza kuti carp (Cyprinus carpio) ndi nsomba yamadzi yowonongeka yomwe ili m'gulu la Carp.
Masiku ano, amadziwika m'madera ambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti madzi a ku Asia amaonedwa ngati mbadwa zake. Nsombazo zinayenda bwino mwadzidzidzi ndipo zinakhala imodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'magulu a mafakitale ogulitsa nsomba m'madera otentha.
Mukudziwa? Mbalame yaikulu kwambiri inagwira nsomba za asodzi a ku Germany ndi ku Britain. Nsomba zawo, motero, zinali zolemera 38 kg ndi 40 kg. Koma padziko lapansi, Japan koi nsomba yomwe imatchulidwa kuti "msungwana wamkulu" imatengedwa kuti ndi yolemba. Mu Guinness Book of Records analemba kulemera kwake - 41 makilogalamu ndi zaka - 17.
Anthu oterewa amawoneka mosiyana ndi osadziwika. N'chifukwa chake, malinga ndi akatswiri, m'madera ena a Ukraine, dzina lakuti "sazan" la miyambo ya ku Russia lapangidwa, lomwe limatchula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma carp. 
M'kati mwa aquaculture ya dziko lathu, pali mitundu iwiri: Chiyukireniya chimakhazikika ndi Chiyukireniya chinalembedwa. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi subtypes yake.
Pamene mukukula mitsuko m'madzi, magalasi omwe akhala akudziwika ndi asodzi nthawi zambiri amakhala.
Oimira awo ali ndi thupi lakuda kwambiri, mpaka mamita 1 kutalika. Kulemera kwa akuluakulu kungakhale ndi makilogalamu 35-120.
Koma mitunduyi ndi yolemetsa kuposa 50 kg mu latitudes lathu sichipezeka. Zimphona zoterezi zingagwidwe koma m'madzi a South-East Asia.
Chizindikiro chapadera cha carp ndi osambira, omwe angakhale ofiira ofiira, ofiira ndi ofiira. Miyeso pa nsomba ikhoza kukhala yosiyana siyana, pa mitundu ina yomwe ingakhale ilibe palimodzi.
Mukudziwa? Mapu amakhala mpaka atagwidwa ndi msodzi aliyense. Imfa yawo imamwalira ali ndi zaka 50.
Chidziŵitso cha nsomba iyi ndichabechabe komanso chonde. Mabala amatha kukula msinkhu ali ndi zaka 3-5. Pansi pa mikhalidwe yamadzi ofunda, kutentha kwake komwe sikutsika kuposa madigiri 17, amaika mazira oposa 800.Kumene mungapeze mwachangu kubereka
Kwa oyamba kumene, ulimi wa carp kunyumba nthawi zonse umayamba ndi kugula mwachangu. Ndi zofunika kugula pa minda ya nsomba yopapatiza.
Sankhani zomwe zakhala zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zakhala zikugwira ntchito pamsika. Phunzirani za kupezeka kwa chilolezo cha ntchitoyi ndipo funsani zambiri zachangu momwe zingathere, zomwe zili, nthawi komanso zomwe amadwala, ndi zina zotero.
Kuchokera ku ziwonetsero zosaoneka ngati zazing'ono zowonjezereka ku malo awo atsopano zimadalira. Musanagule, yang'anani momwe zinthu zilili.
Alimi ambiri omwe amatha kupha nsomba amaganiza molakwika kuti zimakhala zophweka kupeza kansalu kosakonzedwa bwino, kumanga zipangizo za Weiss pakhomo ndikupuma mwachangu.
Inde, njira iyi ndi yotchipa, koma popanda chidziwitso chapadera ndi chidziwitso, ndizosatheka kupeza khalidwe ndi kusinthidwa kwa zaka zachisanu. 
Choncho, chisankho ichi chidzakuwonongetsani zambiri, chifukwa posachedwa mukuyenera kugula zinthu zakuthupi pa famu ya nsomba.
Ndikofunikira! Alimi odziwa nsomba amalangiza kugula zidutswa za zaka chimodzi, zomwe zatha kale.
Momwe mungadzetsere carp
Mukasamalira famu yomwe muli ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri ndipo mwasankha komwe mungagule mwachangu, mukhoza kuyamba kukonzekera nyumba ya nsomba. Tidzadziwa momwe tingabwerere carp mu dziwe ndi dziwe.
Mu dziwe
Ngati mukufuna kukonza nsomba mu dziwe lakale lomwe linali kale m'munda, zidzangokwanira kuti ziyeretsedwe ndi kusamalira chakudya cha masamba kwa obwera kumene.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire dziwe la atsekwe ndi abakha ndi manja anu.Koma ndikumanga kanyumba katsopano musachedwe. Ntchito yokonzekera idzakutenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Poyambira, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti mupange kutalika kwa mamita 1 mpaka 2, ndi miyeso ya 3 x 3 m.
Kenaka chititsani udzu wake ndi udzu. Pakati pa mvula, mizu yake siidalola nthaka kugwa pansi. Pambuyo pafunika kubzala dzenje lokhala ndi zitsamba zomwe ziyenera kukhala chakudya cha nsomba. 
Mwinamwake mudzakhala okondwa kuti muwerenge za zomera ziti zam'madzi zabwino kwambiri pa dziwe lanu ndi momwe mungasankhire.Pamene vutoli lidzaza ndi madzi, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kwa nthaka kumakhala pansi, mukhoza kuyamba kubereka zooplankton. Ena eni ake amagawana zomwe zasindikizidwa pansi pa dziwe. Malingana ndi iwo, mchenga umayenera kutsanulidwa pa nthaka ya tamped ndipo pamwamba ayenera kuthiridwa ndi konkire.
Pamene yankho lidauma, filimu ya rabara imayikidwa ndipo ikangomatsanulira ndi madzi. Kumbukirani kuti mapu amadziwika ngati nsomba yokonda kutentha kwambiri, choncho ndizosafunika kuziyika mu dziwe lakuzizira.
Lolani madziwo akhale otentha mpaka madigiri 24-26. Pofulumira kupanga mapangidwe a microflora omwe mukufuna, ponyani udzu watsopano mu dziwe kapena kutsanulira mitsuko ingapo ya madzi kuchokera ku dziwe lakutchire.
Ndi bwino kukonza dziwe kuti lizitha kuswana pamtunda wa m'munda, kutali ndi malo otsika, misewu ndi kupanga phokoso.
Ndikofunika kuti madzi akuyang'aniridwa bwino. Izi zikhazikitsa zinthu zabwino kwa alimi kuti akule ndi kukula. Ngati madzi akuzizira kapena otentha, nsomba zikana chakudya ndikufa.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole kuti mbalame zamadzi, makamaka osamukira kwina, zifike pamadzi. Ichi ndi gwero lalikulu la majeremusi owopsa kwa nsomba zanu.
Mu dziwe
Monga momwe zinalili kale, kukula kwa gombeli kungakhale osachepera 1 mita mozama komanso kuyambira mamita 15 mpaka 150 mamitala. m 
Zilibe kanthu kuti dziwe limapangidwira - nsomba zidzakhazikika bwino mu matabwa, ceramic, konkire komanso ngakhale mapulasitiki a mtundu uliwonse.
Koma pakali pano pali kufunikira kofunika kukonza nkhokweyo ndi compressor, UV sterilizer, spray, filters yapadera ndi kukonzera dongosolo.
Ngakhale alimi ang'onoang'ono, alimi ambiri amakonda nsomba. Izi zimachokera ku lamulo losavuta la kutentha ndi kusinthanitsa kwa madzi, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pazitsulo.
Maofesiwa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuyeretsa ndi kusunga mpweya wabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino kutulutsa mwachangu mu malo atsopano mu March ndi April.
Posachedwapa, zitsulo za silo zakhala zikugulitsidwa, zomwe zimapereka madzi - zimachokera pansi ndikuyenda mozungulira kuzungulira kwa thanki muyeso wa kudzazidwa kwake. Chokhacho "chopanda" cha nyumbazi ndi kukula kwake. 
Madzi a Zaryblevat angakhalepo pamene amapanga microflora. Anthuwa akawoneka m'sungiramo, musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse imapangitsa madzi kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, kutulutsa ndi kukhetsa.
Zimene mungadye
Ngati makapu amadya chakudya choyenera komanso chopatsa thanzi, ndiye kuti patatha miyezi 9 kuchokera dzira laling'ono, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi nsomba ya kilogalamu imodzi. Ndipo ngati mlimi amadziwa kudyetsa kapepala, ndiye kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake ndi zophweka komanso kunyumba.
Akatswiri amanena kuti mwachangu amafuna kudya chakudya chamtundu winawake, nsomba zazing'onozing'ono, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mphutsi, ndi mollusks. Akuluakulu ndi omnivores.
Ndikofunikira! Rotan kapena, monga imatchedwanso, "southern piranha" imawopseza kwambiri mapepala. Zonyamulira zake ndi mbalame zosamuka zomwe zimafalitsa mazira ang'onoang'ono pamasaya awo. Pofuna kuchotsa malo osungirako mavuto, muyenera kuyesa madzi ndi kusonkhanitsa alendo osafuna. Palibe chipulumutso china.
Alimi odziwa nsomba amadziŵa njira zamakono zodyetsa zojambulazo:- Kwambiri. Zimaphatikizapo kudyetsa nsomba zokha ndi zooplankton ndi udzu. Ubwino wa njirayi ndizochepa mtengo wogulitsa, ndipo kuipa kuli pangТono kakang'ono ka zamoyo (kuyambira 300 mpaka 650 kg pa unit unit).
- Semi-intensive. Zimachokera ku zofanana zowonjezera zamagetsi ndi agrotechnical feeds (chimanga, balere, tirigu, oats). Chifukwa cha alimi ogulitsa nsomba akhoza kubweretsa zokolola zambiri (kuchokera 700 mpaka 1500 makilogalamu). Koma nthawi yotentha, pafupifupi kuyambira June mpaka September, palibe mapuloteni okwanira mu chakudya, chomwe chimakhudza zokolola za m'mbuyo mwa madzi. N'chifukwa chake akatswiri amalangiza kudyetsa omnivorous carp feed.
- Mwachangu. Mu teknolojiyi, cholinga chachikulu chiri pa chakudya cha nyama, chomwe chili ndi mapuloteni oposa 40 peresenti. Zakudya zosiyanazi zimaonedwa kuti zimapindulitsa kwambiri (matani 3-20). Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhalango zazikulu za nsomba zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nsomba zamsika. Pogwiritsira ntchito malo osungirako zinthu, omwe ali mbali yabwino ya teknoloji, pali kuipitsidwa kwa madzi ndi chiopsezo chotenga nsomba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mukudziwa? Nyama yamchere ndi 17% yopangidwa ndi mapuloteni ndi 11% mafuta.
Amadyetsa nsomba kawiri patsiku pamalo apadera. Pazinthu izi, muyenera kupeza teyala yapadera, yomwe imatsikira m'madzi. Osati kutsanulira chakudya chochuluka, chifukwa mopitirira apo iwo amangosokoneza madzi. Nthenda yamagulu ya nthawi imodzi imawerengedwa mkati mwa 3% ya kulemera kwa nsomba.
Zimene muyenera kuchita m'nyengo yozizira
Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha, magalimoto amaletsa kukula kwa chakudya chawo, ndipo, motero, chitukuko. M'nyengo yozizira amapita ku hibernation.
M'mabwato achilengedwe, nyengo yofiira nsomba bwino, ndipo m'madzi amadzi aang'ono ndi osaya pakhomo amatha kufa. Izi zimachokera ku kusowa kwa mpweya.
Pali njira zingapo zothetsera vutoli. Yoyamba imaphatikizapo malo osungirako bwino (makina opanga magetsi omwe amaikidwa mkati mwake kuti apeze madzi ndi kusunga kutentha pa madigiri 0). Njira ina yozizira yotchedwa wintering imaphatikizapo kusamutsa mtsinjewo kulowa m'nyanja yayikulu yamadzi.
Mbalame yotereyi ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa kumalo omwe kale ankakhala pokhapokha madzi omwe ali m'munda wa m'munda amatha kuyenda bwino, ndipo zitsanzo zomwe zimakhala mu dziwe lapadera zimatha kumasulidwa nthawi yomweyo chisanu chitasungunuka.
Ndikofunikira! Zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu zazaka zambiri zimapezeka ku rubella.
Nthawi yopuma
Malingana ndi zizindikiro za anthu, carp spawning imayamba pamene tirigu ali pachimake. Kawirikawiri nthawi imeneyi imakhala ikuyenda masiku otentha kwambiri osati poyambira kuposa zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa May ndipo imakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Choyamba, nsomba zing'onozing'ono zimatulutsa, kenako nsomba zapakatikati, ndipo kenako zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, carp akuponya mazira awo pang'onopang'ono masiku angapo. Udindo wapadera mu njirayi umasewera ndi nyengo ndi kutentha kwa madzi.
Ngati imakhala yowonjezera kunja, nsomba imatsitsa zochita zawo mpaka zinthu zikhale bwino. Kunyumba, nsombazi zimakonda kuika mazira m'madzi osaya m'madera omwewo. Kawirikawiri zimakhudzidwa ndi udzu wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zikakhala zotere, zimakhala bwino kupitiriza mpaka mwachangu. Pambuyo pobereka, nsomba ikuluikulu imatha kanthawi pang'ono kupumula, ndipo imayamba kudyetsa mwamphamvu ndi kubwezeretsa. 
Zida zina zowonjezera bwino
Alimi ena a nsomba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kachipu, amalangizidwa kukonzekera matupi awo ndi chipangizo chapadera chomwe chidzabweretsa ubwino wogwira ndi phindu lalikulu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito:
- kuunikira kwapadera;
- matanki a nsomba ndi mizere ya khola;
- mipiringidzo;
- mapampu;
- zosakaniza zamadzimadzi;
- Oyeretsa madzi (zowonongeka, ndi madothi akuluakulu a bango lamadzimadzi adzafunika);
- ozonizers ndi sterilizers ultraviolet;
- odyetsa galimoto kwa nsomba;
- okosijeni ndi jenereta oksijeni;
- nsomba;
- mamita a madzi (mayesero ofulumira);
- kukhazikitsa madzi otsekedwa ndi kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi.
