Pepper - wokonda kutentha, chomera chakumwera, omwe anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Central America ndipo adatha kugwirizana bwino ndi nyengo yomwe inali yosadziwika bwino kwa iwo. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa nyemba ndi tsabola kumunda kutsika kwa tchire mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi momwe mungapangire tsabolayo kuti ikhale yosangalatsa maso a eni ake ndi maonekedwe awo ndikukhala bwino pamabedi, tiyang'ana mu nkhaniyi.
Mavuto akukula
Kufesa mbewu za tsabola kuti mbande zikhale kuyambira February (izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa anthu okhala m'nyumba). Izi zachitika kotero kuti panthawi ya kutha (mu May-June) tsabola yayamba maluwa ndipo ili ndi ovary. 
Musanadzalemo, mbewu ziyenera kusinthidwa motere:
- Zomera nyemba za tsabola (musanayambe kutupa) m'madzi pa 50 ° C kwa maola asanu.
- Ikani iwo mu nsalu yonyowa pokhala masiku 2-3 musanamangirire. Kutentha kumene tsabola akugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala firiji.
Mukudziwa? Kutentha kokwanira kwa kukula kwa tsabola ndi 27 ° C.Njira zomwe zisanachitike mutabzala tsabola zimayesetseratu kuti mupeze mphukira zoyamba masiku awiri mutatha kufesa.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti tsabola wokomawo idzakula bwino ngati mutagula mbewu zabwino kwambiri. Iwo adzakupatsani inu zokolola zochuluka.
Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino, werengani ngati mukuyenera kubzala tsabola kuti muzitsuka mbande.Kukula mbande za tsabola, mukusowa gawo lapansi. Wake zofunikira zofunika: humus, mchenga ndi nthaka (2: 1: 1). Ndikofunika kuti dothi likhale lowala, lofewa, lotayirira. Choonjezera chabwino mu chisakanizo ichi chidzakhala phulusa, pakuti makilogalamu 1 a gawo lapansi adzafunika 1 tbsp yokha. l
Mu February ndi March, mbande zimapereka chithandizo chowonjezera kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 8 koloko. Ndipo kuti tsabola yaying'ono ikhale yosagonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndipo idayamba kubala chipatso kale, nthawi yonseyo, kuyambira 8 koloko mpaka 8 koloko, mbewu ziyenera kuikidwa pansi pa nsalu ya opaque. Kupitiliza pa nthawi ya kuwonetsetsa koteroko kumayenera kuchepera mwezi umodzi.
Pepper asanadzalemo ayenera kuumitsidwa. Kuti muchite izi, mbande zingatulutsedwe pa khonde, nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera nthawi yomwe ilipo.
Ndikofunikira! Kutentha mpaka 13 ° С ndizochepa kwambiri kuti zikhale ndi mbande, kotero muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti tsabola sali pa khonde nthawi ya chisanu - izi zingachititse kuti mbewuyo ipange.Choncho chomeracho chidzatha kuyendetsedwa ndi mphepo, dzuwa, komanso kutentha pansi pa 27 ° C.
Kusamala bwino mutatha
Pakatikatikati mwa mapeto a April, mbande ziyenera kutengedwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kumeneko ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi mafuta, omwe angathe kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kutentha kwake kutuluka pamwamba + 15 ° C. Mbeu za pepper sizingatheke. M'malo mwake, muyenera kuyika mabokosi kapena magalasi. Ndikofunika kuti chomera chikhale pansi pa filimu.. Ngati munabzala nyemba za tsabola ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, mutabzala mutchire, mbeuyo idzaphuka mofulumira, ndipo kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kumafunika kumayambiriro kwa May.
Pepper ikhoza kubzalidwa pamwambo umene pamphepete mwake umawoneka mapepala - kuyambira asanu mpaka asanu ndi awiri, osachepera. Musanadzale mbande, choyambiriracho chiyenera kuchitidwa moyenera. Manyowa oyenera akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka (pafupifupi makilogalamu 5 pa 1 mita imodzi).
Mukudziwa? Tsabola akhoza kubzalidwa pansi, kumene anakula tomato, eggplant, mbatata, anyezi kapena nkhaka.Zimalangizanso kutenthetsa nthaka poika ma arcs ndi filimu pamwamba pake.
Anabzala tsabola wokoma bwino pamalo otetezedwa ku mphepo. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chiyenera kulandira kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa (ngati pali mitengo yayitali pafupi ndi tsabola yomwe ikhoza kuikha mthunzi). Nthaŵi yabwino yoduka ndikumayambiriro kwa June.
Chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa pansi kuti dziko lapansi lifike pa tsamba loyamba, lamasamba. Mbewuyo iyenera kukhala pansi pa filimuyo mpaka nthawi yomwe imatenga mizu, siidzakonzedwe m'nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Tsabola za mitundu yosiyana sizingabzalidwe pafupi. M'malo mwake, mtunda wa pakati pawo ndi wofunika kuwonjezereka, chifukwa tsabola amatha kuyambitsa pollination.
Frost chitetezo
Monga tanena, tsabola - chomera chotentha, Choncho, ngakhale kutseka sikungapangitse kuti zikhale zosagwira kutentha, koma zidzakuthandizani kusintha ndikukhala bwino. Choncho, kuonetsetsa kuti tsabola wotsekemera nthawi zonse imakhala yotentha, ndikofunikira ngakhale mutatha. Pofuna kutetezera kuzizira, eni ake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mahema - makatoni, ziguduli, mapulusa amamveka kapena mipiringidzo yamatabwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange. Zida zoterezi zimateteza kuteteza mbande kwa kanthawi kochepa. Pakuti mahemawa amaikidwa pamwamba pa mbande usiku. Ngati kutentha kuli pansi + 15 ° C masana, ndi bwino kusankha malo osungira mafilimu monga chitetezo ku nyengo yozizira.
Pali njira ziwiri zoyenera kuteteza mbande ku nyengo yozizira - kukonkha ndi kusuta.
Kuwaza amatanthauza kukhazikitsa dongosolo lomwe limapopera madzi pa zomera. Zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene zimapopera madzi mobisa. Iyenera kutembenuzidwa mochedwa madzulo, ndipo itsegulira pafupi mpaka m'mawa, dzuwa lisanatuluke.
Utsi Iyi ndiyo njira imene utsi wa zipangizo zopsereza umapangira zomera. Ndikofunika kusankha zipangizo zoyenera kuti utsi ukhale wandiweyani. 
Kuthirira mbewu
Tsabola wokoma sungatchulidwe ndi zomera zosagonjetsa chilala. Kuti chikhale chitukuko chabwino, chimafuna kutsirira. Kuti mbande zikhale bwino, ziyenera kuthiriridwa masiku awiri masiku awiri. Pa chomera chimodzi chidzafunika pafupifupi 1.5 malita a madzi, ndipo makamaka kuthirira madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nyengo yowuma, tsabola imafuna kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku.Patangotha sabata umodzi pakubwera kwa tsabola pansi, m'pofunika kuti mutenge m'malo mwake - imbani atsopano mmalo mwa zomera zakufa. Kuthirira iwo kumafuna madzi ochepa.
Ngakhale kuti tsabola imakhala ndi chinyezi chochulukira, ndikofunika kuti musapitirire madzi okwanira. Madzi ochulukirapo amavulaza zomera ndipo amatha kuwonongera kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu. 
Omwe amalima amaluwa nthawi zina samadziwa nthawi zambiri kuti amwetse tsabola. Chizindikiro chachikulu kuti chitsamba chimafuna chinyezi ndi kukula kwake kwa zomera - izo ziyenera kumadetsedwa kwathunthu. Ngati muwona chizindikiro ichi - mutha kuthirira madzi. Ndipo ndi zofunika kuchita izi mwamsanga mukatha kuona chizindikiro chachikulu cha kusowa kwa madzi mu chomera, mwinamwake chikhoza kufota.
Ngati mtunduwo umasintha okha masamba a tsabola, musathamangire kukatenga madzi. Choncho, amachitira nyengo yozizira, ndipo mumatha kupatsa chomera chinyezi kuposa momwe mukufunira ndipo zimapweteka.
Pamene chomera chiyamba kubala chipatso, mumatha kumwa madzi pang'ono. Kamodzi pa masiku asanu aliwonse adzakhala oposa. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri ya tsiku kuti mupereke tsabola ndi madzi ndi m'mawa kapena madzulo. 
Kupeta ndi kumasula
Kutsegula malo - siteji yofunikira, popanda tsabolayo sitingathe kukhazikika bwinobwino. Chifukwa cha izi, mpweya waukulu umalowa mu mizu, motero imathandizira kukula kwa chitsamba. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kumasula nthaka kumayambitsa ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe ali mmenemo, yomwe imathandizanso kuti pakhale tsabola wokoma.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mizu yeniyeni, ndiko kuti, mizu yake siimalowa pansi, koma ili pafupi kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kusamala tsabola pamalo otseguka kuti asamawononge mizu. Ndipo tsabola imakhala yochepa kwambiri, yomwe ingakhudzidwe ngati itamasulidwa mosasamala.
Kutsegula nthaka sikuvomerezeka nthawi yomweyo mutabzala tsabola mutseguka. Poyambirira, nkofunika kuti m'malo mwawo asalowe mizu ndi ena, ndipo pambuyo pake apatseni mwayi wovuta panthaka. Chithandizo choyamba cha nthaka chikhoza kuchitika pafupi masabata atatu mutabwerera kwa tsabola wokoma.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zomera zimadulidwa asanakhazikitsidwe pansi, paliponse pangozi yaikulu ya kuvulazidwa ndi kusowa chitukuko china.
Koyamba kumasula nthaka, mosamala kuti chipangizocho sichilowa mu nthaka mozama kusiyana ndi 5-10 masentimita. Mulimonsemo, pali chiopsezo kuti mumakhudze mizu ya tsabola ndipo mankhwala a nthaka sichidzabweretsa zotsatira zabwino pa chitukuko cha chitsamba.
N'zotheka kumasula pansi kwambiri ngati nthaka yomwe tsabola yabzalidwa ndi yolemetsa - izi zidzathandiza kuti chomera chikhale ndi mpweya ndi kutentha. Kutsegula si njira yomwe sitiyenera kuionongeka. Zidzakhala kuyenda zokha mitsinje itatha mvula ndi ulimi wothirira. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka pa nthawiyo isakhale yonyowa kwambiri, koma inalibe nthawi yowuma. Sikofunika kuti tipeze nthaka nthawi zonse, choncho ngati mulibe nthawi yogula chinyezi, mungathe kusintha njirayo nthawi ina.
Chiwerengero cha zitsamba zoterezi zimadalira osati pafupipafupi pa kuthirira kapena nyengo, komanso pa mitundu ya tsabola. Choncho, mitundu yoyambirira ya chithandizo cha nthaka idzatenga pafupifupi 4, ndipo patapita nthawi 2-3.
Mu nthawi imene tsabola imayamba kuphulika, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito spudger. 
Onani mitundu yambiri ya tsabola lokoma: "California chozizwitsa", "Gypsy F1", "Bogatyr" ndi tsabola wowawa kwambiri - "Habanero".
Tchati cha feteleza
Kuvala kwa nthawi yake - Chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri chokula tsabola kumunda.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera feteleza kunthaka musanabzala tsabola mmenemo. Muyenera kuyembekezera kuti chomeracho chizuke, ndipo masamba enieni enieni adzawonekera. Kenaka mukhoza kukonzekera njira yotsatirayi: ammonium nitrate (0,5 g), superphosphate (3 g) ndi feteleza feteleza (1 g) amawonjezeredwa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kudyetsa mobwerezabwereza (masabata awiri) ndikofunikira kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa feteleza mchere.
Kwa nthawi yachitatu ndi yotsiriza, tsabola ndi feteleza musanabzala chitsamba m'malo osatha. Izi ndizochitika bwino masiku awiri asanafike pomaliza. Manyowa a Potash nthawi ino adzakhala 8 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. 
Mukudziwa? Lokoma tsabola akhoza kudyetsedwa kulowetsedwa wa nettle mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.Poyamba kulima tsabola, m'pofunika kukonzekera pasadakhale - chaka chimodzi musanabzala mbewu m'nthaka organic feteleza akuwonjezeredwa - kuchokera 5 mpaka 10 makilogalamu pa 1 m². M'dzinja ndi bwino kuwonjezera phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza, pafupifupi 60 g m'munsi mwa nthaka. Zakudya zapamwamba m'chaka, zomwe zidzasowa ammonium nitrate (40 g). Manyowa omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a madzi ndi abwino kuwonjezera pa nthaka.
Poyang'ana maonekedwe a tsabola wokoma, mungathe kudziwa mosavuta zomwe mbewuyo ikusowa. Choncho, ngati tsamba la tsabola, ndi m'mphepete mwake limatha, limatanthauza kuti mbewuyo ilibe potaziyamu.
Mtundu wa tsamba lofiira Kuchokera pansi, komanso kusagwirizana kwawo ndi thunthu kumasonyeza kuti phosphorus ilibe; Pachifukwa ichi, kukula kwa tchire kumachepetsanso, ndipo kucha zipatso sikuli kofanana. 
Masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe amadziwika ndi haze ndi kuwala, nthawi zina ngakhale imvi imasonyeza kusowa kwa nayitrogeni, panthawi yomweyi, pamene chomerachi chikuposa, tsabola ya ku Bulgaria imataya mazira ndi maluwa.
Mtundu wa marble wa masamba - chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa magnesium.
Ndikofunikira! Sizabwino kuti manyowa azikhala abwino ndi potaziyamu kloride - izi sizimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke.
Mbali za mapangidwe a tchire
Mapangidwe a tsabola pamunda - ndondomeko zofunika kwa mitundu yayitali (kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri kumafika mamita 2). Zagawidwa mu magawo anayi, zomwe timalongosola mwatsatanetsatane. Choyamba, musaiwale kuti mungathe kupanga ma tchire omwe alibe matenda. Chida chimene mumagwiritsa ntchito panthawi iliyonse ya mapangidwe, chiyenera kukhala chakuthwa komanso choyera. Izi ndizofunika kuti panthawi yomwe ntchito izi zisawonongeke.
Gawo Loyamba ali ndi dzina "Crown Bud" ndipo chofunika chake ndi chakuti mphukirayi imakhala nthawi kuti ipeze ndi kuchotsa tsabola wokoma. Chigawo ichi cha chitsamba chimawonekera pamene chimafika pafupifupi masentimita 20. Panthawiyi, chomera chimayambira, ndipo m'malo mwa "kusiyana" kwa nthambi, gawo lofunikira kuchotsa likuwoneka, lomwe limatchedwa "mphukira ya korona." Zimakhalanso kuti duwa silikuwonekera palokha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwononga masamba onse, chifukwa amalepheretsa kukula kwa tsabola.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mphukira idawonekere musanayambe kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka, mukufunikira kuchotsa. Kuchita koteroko sikukuvulaza mbande.Gawo lachiwiri la mapangidwe amayamba pamene chiwerengero cha masamba kuthengo kufika 10-12 zidutswa. Panthawi iyi, muyenera kuchotsa nthambi zonse zosafunikira. Nthambi zomwe zimawoneka zofooka zingasokoneze zokololazo, kotero mukhoza ndipo muyenera kuzichotsa (chifukwa chaichi, kukula kwake kumachotsedwa). Masamba otsalirawo adzakhala otchedwa "mafupa" a kuthengo. Ndichifukwa chake, panthawi yachiwiri, nthambi zofooka zimachotsedwa, kapena m'malo mwake. Potero mumapanga "chimango" cholimba cha chomera, chokhoza kubweretsa zokolola zabwino.
Pambuyo pake, m'pofunikira kuyang'ana patsogolo pa tsabola. Nthambi zomwe zatsala ziyamba kutuluka. Pa aliyense wa iwo padzakhala mphanda ndi Mphukira. Ndipo kuti mazira a mbeu apange zowonjezera zonse zofunika, ndizofunikira kudziwa kwambiri Mphukira, pamene tikuchotsa zonsezi ndi kuziyika pamwamba pa tsamba loyamba. Kusokoneza koteroko kumachitidwa nthawi iliyonse pamene chitsamba chimayamba kugwira ntchito. Mphukirayi, yomwe imapezeka pa ramification, kenako tsabolayo idzakhala yosamalidwa (pamtali wamtundu wa mazira osiyana ndi 17 mpaka 25). Komanso kuchotseratu masamba omwe apanga mu internodes.
Ku gawo lachitatu Mukhoza kupita mutatha kuchotsa chitsamba kuchokera ku masamba ena. Tsopano chomeracho chiyenera kuchotsa mphukira zosabereka. Zikuwonekera chifukwa chakuti ngakhale pambuyo pa gawo lachiwiri lakumanga chitsamba, tsabola siimaleka kukula.
Pa nthawiyi, ndikofunika kuyang'ana pa zomera kuti muwone njira zosafunikira pakapita nthawi. Ndi zophweka kuzipeza - zonsezi ziri pansi pa nthambi ya nthambi ya tsinde yaikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitsamba chokoma tsabola chiyenera kuchotsa mbali zina zosafunikira - masamba omwe awonongeka ndipo, ngati sakuchotsedwa, akhoza kuthana ndi chitsamba chonse, komanso zomwe zimapanga mthunzi wambiri umene sufunikira kwenikweni kwa tsabola. Masamba amenewo, monga lamulo, samathandiza kuti zakudya za m'mimba mwake zisawonongeke. Ngati sitejiyi yanyalanyazidwa ndipo masamba akutsalira, ndiye kuti chipatso, ngakhale kuti chimaphuka bwanji, sichitha kuwonekera, chomwe chimatanthauza kuti zokolola za tchire zidzachepetsedwa.
Kuchotsa masamba owonjezera, tsatirani malamulo awa. Mapepala a leaf omwe ali pa tsinde lalikulu amadulidwa pamene kucha kwafika pa chipatso cha brush. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mapepala awiri okha angathe kudula panthawi imodzi. Kachiwiri muyenera kuchita izi pamene burashi yachiwiri ikuwoneka. Lamulo lomwelo likugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipatso zakucha. Nthawi yomaliza yochotsa mapepala owonjezera akhoza kukhala masabata asanu ndi limodzi isanafike nthawi yokolola. Pa nthawiyi, tchire sungakhoze kukhudzidwa, chifukwa amafunika kupumula.
Gawo lachinayi anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze zokolola zokoma, zokoma. Ndi panthawi imeneyi ya mapangidwe a tchire analola zolakwa zambiri. Tidzadziwa momwe tingawapewere.
Tsono tsabola yokhayo, yomwe idya, ndi yayikulu ndipo ili ndi kukoma kokoma, zomera zimasowa mphamvu. Choncho, ndikofunika kuwerengera molondola. Mphamvu ya kuthengo imapita ku chitukuko cha mazira oyambirira, ndipo vuto lalikulu la osamalira munda ndi omwe amasiya mazira ambiri kusiyana ndi chitsamba chimatha "kudyetsa". Choncho, mphamvu ya chomeracho, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitukuko cha mazira omwewa, amachititsa kuti onse alandire zakudya zochepa zochepa komanso sangathe kukula bwino. Mtengo wa chipatso, motero, umavutika. 
Mitengo yambiri ya maluwa pa chitsamba chimodzi ndi 25. Zatsopano zimatha kuwonekera mukasunga chomera pazinthu zonse zosafunikira. Ndi pamene muyenera kuyamba siteji yotsiriza - impso zosakaniza. Kuti tsabola ikhale ndi mphamvu pa kukula kwa zipatso zapamwamba, muyenera kutsitsa mfundo zonse zomwe zikukula pa nthambi zazikuru. Mkhalidwe wofunikira ndi kukhalapo kwa mazira oyamba pamtunda, chiwerengero chake sichiposa chapamwamba.
Столь тщательному формированию подлежат исключительно высокорослые сорта сладкого перца. Ena samafuna chidwi kwambiri - mungathe kupulumutsa tchire kuchoka kumalo opanda kanthu, kotero kuti tsabola sagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zothandiza, komanso kuchotsa masamba omwe amapanga mthunzi wambiri.
Mavuto aakulu ndi kukula
Kusamalira tsabola wokoma, komanso mbeu zina, sizikufuna kuti zitsatidwe ndi malamulo olima. Nthawi zina wamaluwa samamvetsera zovuta zina, zomwe zingabweretse mavuto ndi zomera. Taganizirani zofunikira. 
Kukula kwa mbewu yochepa. Chifukwa chake chachikulu ndi kuchepa kwa kutsika m'munsimu + 20 ° C. Kutentha ndi nyengo yofunikira, chifukwa kusintha kwa kutentha kumawononga chitukuko ndi kukula kwa tchire. Pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha pamene mbande imakula kuposa mwezi umodzi.
Sayansi ya kukula tsabola kutchire imafuna chidwi kwambiri ndi zomera, ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kukula mbewu zokhazokha mu greenhouses.
Kugwa kwa Leaf Zitha kuchitika kamodzi pa zifukwa zingapo, zomwe ndizo: Matenda, kuchepa kwa madzi, Kutentha kwa nthaka, Kutentha kwa nthaka, kukalamba. Komanso tsabola imayesetsa kusamba madzi ndi kutentha kwambiri. 
Pezani zomwe mungachite pamene tsamba la tsabola likutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa.Zomera Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kumvetsera. Pepper imafuna dzuwa, madzi okwanira komanso feteleza, nyengo yozizira (kutentha kwake kumakhudza thanzi la chitsamba). Kuphwanya malamulowa ndi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti m'malo mwa chomera chobiriwira chokongola, mudzawona kuti ndinu opusa komanso opweteka. Komanso, tsabola sangakhoze pachimake, zomwe zidzatayika kukolola.
Kwa tchire lokoma tsabola munabweretsa zokolola zabwino, Muyenera kutsatira madzi okwanira panthawi yake, kupeza kuwala kokwanira, kuteteza chomera kuchokera ku zitsamba ndi chisanu, komanso kusamaliranso ndi feteleza feteleza, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, nthaka ikhale yosauka.
Tsabola wokoma si chomera chodzichepetsa. Kulima ndi kumusamalira bwino kumunda kudzatenga nthawi yochuluka, koma zipatso zomwe zimapindula mu zinthu zambiri ndi mavitamini ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbeu.
