Cholinga chachikulu cha mawu akuti "bonsai" m'Chijapani chimamveka ngati "chokula pamphika (mbale)" kapena kuti "chomera pamphika kapena pa tray." Mu zenizeni zamakono, mawu akuti "bonsai" amatanthauza mtengo wawung'ono, kopindulitsa chenicheni cha mtengo wamba kapena chomera. M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira zomwe mtengo wa bonsai wa ku Japan ndi momwe ungamerekere kuchokera ku mbewu zapakhomo.
Art bonsai
Nthaŵi zambiri, anthu akamva za bonsai, amangoganizira za Japan. Izi ndizo maziko chabe a luso limeneli amapita ku chikhalidwe cha dziko losiyana - China. 
Mukudziwa? Mu chikhalidwe cha Chitchaina, luso limeneli linkatchedwa "penzai" ndipo linayambira pafupi 231 BC.Zakale, a ku Japan adadziwidwa ndi ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yazing'ono ndi a Buddhist amonke omwe anali akuyenda m'miyoyo yawo yonse. Kwa iwo, luso limeneli linali mbali ya mwambo wachipembedzo. Iwo amamutcha iye ndakatulo mokwanira - "Njira yopita Kumwamba, yokhala ndi masamba."Zojambula zatsopano zinkafalikira ku Japan pa liwiro la moto wa m'nkhalango. Machitidwe a zikhomo, malamulo a zokongoletsera, maonekedwe a zomera, zogwirizana ndi zinthu zina zokongoletsera - zonsezi zinapangidwa ndi a ku Japan. Iwo adadziwitsanso ndipo adakwaniritsa machitidwe omwe potsiriza anapanga maziko a bonsai amakono, akale. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi whisk, mtengo wa pathanthwe, chiwombankhanga, mtengo wa calligraphic, thunthu lopindika, chitsa, nsungwi ndi miyala, ndi zina zambiri.
Chiwerengero cha mafashoni a bonsai chifikira makumi atatu. Choyamba, tiyenera kuganizira zojambulajambula zomwe zimaonetsa zojambulajambula. Amaganizira makamaka zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zinyamulidwezi zikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi anzawo. Kodi bonsai ndi chiyani, mukhoza kumvetsa chithunzichi.
Kunyumba, mutha kukonzanso mitengo yamtengo wapatali monga mandimu, mandarin, pepino, citron ndi calamondin.
Tökkan limatanthawuza mafashoni owongolera. Zina mwazo zimaphatikizapo thunthu lolunjika: pansi pamunsi ndikugwedeza pamwamba. Ndondomekoyi ndi yoyenera kwa mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu ya mitengo, chifukwa ndi yachikale. Tökkan ndi chizindikiro cha moyo wosasuntha komanso kusungulumwa. 
Moyogi imagwiranso ntchito kwa oimira mawonekedwe owoneka. Ndiwotchuka kwambiri ndi ambiri a bonsai wamaluwa. Chidwi chachikulu choterechi chimagwirizana ndi kuti mawonekedwe a kalembedwe sali oletsa malamulo okhaokha. Maonekedwe a nthambi sali woyendetsedwa bwino. Chikhalidwe chokha - nsonga, yomwe iyenera kukula mozama pansi. Monga lamulo, bonsai yoteroyo ali ndi mawonekedwe a kalata S. Pa phokoso lililonse latsopano pali nthambi zambiri. Maonekedwe ndi chizindikiro cha kuphweka kosavuta, kosagwirizana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso chizindikiro cha ufulu. 
Sykan limatanthawuza kalembedwe ka oblique. Kusiyana kwake ndi mitengo yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono mpaka pansi. Ndondomekoyi ndi njira yothetsera mitundu yambiri. Ndilo chizindikiro cha kutsutsidwa ndi mphepo kapena chilakolako cha mtengo kumalo pamene dzuwa likukula mumthunzi. 
Mukudziwa? Ndi bwino, bonsai akhoza kukula kwa zaka mazana, ndikukhalabe kakang'ono.Sokan. Dzina la kalembedwe kuchokera ku chinenero cha Chijapani kwenikweni limatembenuza monga "thumba lopachikidwa." Zomwe zimatchulidwa kale zimakhala zomveka bwino. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zisonyeze chinthu chofanana chomwechi m'chilengedwe. Kenaka mitengo iwiri imakula kuchokera muzu umodzi. Popeza kuti imodzi mwa nthambiyi ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yowonjezera kuposa yachiwiri, kuti iwonetsenso chimodzimodzi muzithunzi zazing'ono, amangogwiritsa ntchito thunthu ndi nthambi yapansi ngati thunthu lachiwiri. Palibe mawonekedwe apadera, choncho mtengo ukhoza kumera pang'onopang'ono ndi kufotokozedwa mwa mtundu uliwonse wokhazikika kwa inu. Chikhalidwe chimasonyeza kupitiriza kwa miyambo kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Pakati pa wamaluwa, amatchedwanso "mapasa" kapena "mwana wamwamuna ndi bambo".
Kangai limatanthawuza mafashoni osokoneza. Chidziwikiritso chake chikufotokozedwa poyambitsa chinyengo cha mtengo womwe umakula pamphepete mwamphamvu ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimatsutsana ndi zochitika, kusintha kwa zikhalidwe. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani miyala yokhazikika, yomwe imayenda bwino ndipo imapangika mosavuta. Mungasankhe pakati pa makotoni, pine, pyracantha kapena mkungudza. Ndichophweka chophweka, kusonyeza mapulasitiki a zomera m'malo osiyanasiyana. 
Zosokoneza ndi woimira miyambo yakale yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Kunja, nyongolotsi yotereyi ikuwoneka ngati iyi: ilibe nthambi zazing'ono, ndipo mtengo wokhotakhota umakhala pamwamba ndi korona. Nthambi zake zimakhala ngati chizindikiro cholemba. Zimasonyeza kuti mpweya ukukwera mwambo wa Japan. Mitengoyi imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya coniferous ndi broad-laaved. 
Kodi zomera zonse zimayenera kukula?
Olima munda omwe ali ndi zochitika amapeza njira zowonetsera ndikukula bwino zomera zosiyanasiyana m'nyumba. Choncho, chifukwa cha chisangalalo ndi chidwi, amakula bonsai kuchokera ku mbewu zing'onozing'ono. Odzikonda sali oopa kuti izi ndizokhalitsa komanso zovuta. Kwa oyamba kumene, ndi bwino kutenga makonzedwe okonzeka bwino ndikungooneka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti aliyense sadziwa kukula mtengo wa bonsai kuchokera ku mbewu. Komabe, onsewa ndi ena amakumana ndi funso la kusankha chomera.
Kunyumba mungathe kukula kamtengo kakang'ono kokongola, kameneka kamene kadzakhalanso kamtengo kake, ficus microcarp, fir, silver acacia (mimosa), hibiscus, gardenia, ficus Benjamin, cicasa ndi azaleas akukula mwachibadwa.
Leafy
Pankhani ya mitengo yamitengo, wamaluwa makamaka amasankha beech, hornbeam, msondodzi, birch, Norway maple, thundu, phulusa, ndipo nthawi zina zomera za mphira. 
Zipatso
Ngati mukufuna kukula bonsai pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya zipatso, ndiye maula, apulo kapena hawthorn. 
Conifer
Pakati pa mitengo ya coniferous mumayang'ana mitundu yabwino. Monga lamulo, firitsi ya ku Korea, mkungudza wachi China, mkungudza wa Himalayan, cryptomeria ya Japan, wamba kapena wakuda pine amasankhidwa kwa iwo. Powonjezeredwa, nsalu za ku Japan ndi ku Ulaya zimatchuka. 
Mbali za kusankha mbewu
Posankha mbewu pali mbali zina. Choyamba Mbeu ziyenera kukhala zatsopano, osati zaka ziwiri. Ndibwino ngati ali pafupi ndi chaka chimodzi. Chachiwiri, mbewu ziyenera kukhala ndi kumera kwa mlingo woyenera. Kunyumba, mungathe kupanga mosavuta zokalamba zakuthupi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kufesa mbewu m'firiji m'nyengo yozizira. Kenaka, ndi kutentha koyamba, mbewu ziyenera kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda ndi kuloledwa kuyima maola asanu ndi limodzi. Kenaka amachotsedwa m'thumba ndi kusungidwa masiku atatu kutentha.
Nthaka yoyenera
Pofuna kubzala bonsai mumagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yapadera - yolemetsa, yokhoza kusunga gawo la chinyezi. Nthaka imagawidwa mu tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta 5mm okha. Nthakayi imapambana mlengalenga ndipo imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala zofunika kuti kukula kwa mtengo. Chigawo ichi chimatchedwa Akadam Pano pali mawonekedwe ake okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. 
Monga lamulo, malingana ndi izo zimapanga chisakanizo, chimene chimadulidwa mchenga, dongo ndi humus. Ikani nthaka muzitsulo zazing'ono za ceramic ndi lalikulu mwake. Fomu iyi ndi yoyenera kuti ikule zomera zazing'ono. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti kunja kwa mizu kumakhala bwino pamalo otseguka ndipo kumatenga mchere kuchokera mlengalenga.
Malamulo oyendetsera pansi
Patatha masiku atatu "mpumulo" wachinayi, mbewu zidzakula. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kuti ali okonzekera kubzala. Makope opanda kanthu ayenera kusankhidwa ndi kutayidwa. 
Mbeu zouma ziyenera kuikidwa m'miphika yapadera. Ayenera kukwaniritsidwa motere:
- mchenga wosakaniza ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2;
- 1 masentimita a Acadam.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala, gawo lopangidwa liyenera kuperekedwa ndi fungicide.
Pambuyo pa njira zonse, mbande zimaphimbidwa ndi filimu, potero amapanga wowonjezera kutentha. Kutentha kwa mpweya kutentha ndi pafupifupi 15 ° C.
Mmene mungachepetse kukula kwa mitengo
Amayamba kupanga bonsai pafupifupi chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu kuyambira nthawi yobzala (onani zochitika).
Komabe, funso ili ndi momwe mungachepetse kukula kwa mtengo watsopano.
Choyamba, chomeracho chiyenera kuikidwa mu mphika ndikucheka mizu yomwe ikukula molunjika. Choyamba ndi mizu yopanda malire. Pamodzi ndi mizu yolunjika, odwala ndi ofooka amakhalanso odulidwa. M'tsogolomu, patsiku lotsatira, zidzakhala zofunikira kutchera mizu kachiwiri. 
Njira ina idzakhala yopititsa kunthaka, yosakhutira ndi zakudya zambiri. Maonekedwe a nthaka iyi ndi osasangalatsa kwambiri: peat, loam ndi masamba ovunda. Kawirikawiri pali mchenga wowonjezera kapena miyala yaying'ono. Popeza kuti gawo lotere limapereka zosowa za zomera, zimathandiza kuti pang'onopang'ono kukula.
Mungathe kukoka waya wa thunthu kuti mupite patsogolo ndi kukulitsa. Sakani kutalika konse, koma malo ena okha. Ndiye, pamene ikuyamba kusokoneza chitukuko cha mbeu yanu, iyo ikhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kumangirizidwa gawo lina. Njira yomweyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga nthambi zammbali. Pachifukwa ichi, waya imasewera.
Komanso, monga njira, akhoza kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa timadziti. Pochita izi, nkofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kudula nkhuni m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pofuna kuchiza ndi kulimbikitsa mabala ake, chomeracho chidzakwera mchenga ndi madzi. Monga bonasi, kuphulika kokongola kumawoneka pamakungwa. 
Njira yomaliza si yoyenera kwa aliyense. Iye akudulira nthambi. Nthawi yoyamba imafunika kuchitidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa maonekedwe a impso kumayambiriro kwa masika. Dulani pamtunda wa malo awiri kuchokera ku thunthu. Nthambi zimasokonezana wina ndi mnzake zimachotsedwanso. Mu nthawi ya kudulira pamtengo musakhale maluwa. Apo ayi, tumizani njirayi mpaka maluwa atha.
Ndikofunikira! Kungogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonseyi, mukhoza kukwaniritsa kakang'ono kakang'ono kodziwika bwino, kamene kali m'gululi.Nyemba zikabzalidwa kale ndipo mphukira zoyamba zaonekera, ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
Chisamaliro choyenera
B bonsai ndi mtengo umene ukusowa mu chisamaliro ndi kulima bwino. Choyamba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Chinthu chinanso ndikutulutsa mpweya wabwino m'nthaka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri: nthawi ndi nthawi, tsegule filimuyi kapena muzipangako mabowo. Masamba oyambirira atangoyamba, mbande zazing'ono zimatsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo. Ndiye muyenera kupitiriza kumusamalira mpaka chiwerengero cha masamba chikuwonjezeka mpaka anayi. Akafika pambaliyi, mbande zimatha kuziika bwino mu mphika wa ceramic.
Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala likudulira mzu waukulu - kusiya gawo limodzi la magawo atatu okha. Kudyetsa kumachitika nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba ndondomeko ikuchitika patapita mwezi ndi hafu mutatha kusankha. Ndiye muyenera kudyetsa mlungu uliwonse. Pa nthawi yoyamba, feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni wokhutira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Pambuyo pake, kuchulukitsa kwake kuchuluka. Chakumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amasuntha kupita kumwamba, komwe kuli koyenera. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho sichili bwino, kudya kwake kuyenera kuimitsidwa.Mfundo ina yofunikira pa chisamaliro cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi kuunikira Kuti akwaniritse chosowa chake, muyenera kumangokhalira kubisika kapena makatani. Izi zokha sizingakhale zokwanira. Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwala, gwiritsani ntchito halogen kapena nyali ya fulorosenti. Mulimonsemo musatenge nyali ya fulorosenti pachifukwa ichi. Muyenera kuyika nyali pamtunda wa pafupifupi theka la mita.
Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumayipitsa zomera. M'pofunikanso kutetezera kwa radiator, ma drafts. Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha kwa mpweya kungakhudze kwambiri. Ngati mutatsatira malamulowa, ndiye kuti mavuto ndi mavuto ayenera kuchitika. 
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Bonsai imafuna khama lalikulu ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama. Amene amayamba kukumana ndi chomerachi akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena. Vuto loyamba ndi kutaya madzi kwa madzi. Poyamba, zimakhala zovuta kusintha madzi omwe mtengo wanu umasowa, koma ngati masamba ake atasanduka chikasu ndikuyamba kugwa, choyamba perekani pamwamba, monga mwachizolowezi, ndikuikiramo maminiti khumi mu chidebe chaching'ono ndi madzi. Mbewu yokha idzadzaza kuchepa.
Zingakhale zotsatira zosiyana. Ndi vuto ili, dothi ladzaza ndi chinyezi ndipo lidzaphimbidwa ndi moss. Pachifukwa ichi, ingosamutsira ku nthaka ina ndi madzi moyenera. Ngati mumapeza mizu yakufa panthawi yopatsa, onetsetsani kuti muwadule.
Nthawi zina vuto ili likuchitika: pazifukwa zina, mtengo sumatenga madzi, ndipo umakhala pansi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngati mutatenga gawo lolakwika kapena ngati pali tizirombo mmenemo. Choyamba, muyenera kuchotsa chomera ndikusintha nthaka. Samalani: musasokoneze mizu! Ngati gawolo lidalibe pa mizu - zonse ziri bwino, ndibwino kusiyana ndi kuswa kanthu. Kenaka ikani bonsai mu mbale ya madzi yomwe yaperekedwa ndi tizilombo. Zitatha izi, ayenera kupititsa patsogolo. Bonsai - zojambula zovuta kwambiri koma idzadzipindulitsa yokha ndi kukongola kwake. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - tsatirani malamulo a chisamaliro.
