Maluwa amaonedwa kukhala chokongoletsera cha nyumba iliyonse. Mwamwayi, palibe mavuto ndi nsomba - malo ogulitsa amapereka mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Komabe, ubwino waperekedwa kwa zodabwitsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kudzichepetsa.
Taganizirani zomwe anthu otchuka amavomereza atsidanthera ndi mtundu wanji wa maluwa.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Chomera chosatha chimenechi chachokera ku madera otentha a ku Africa. Chilengedwe ndi malo otsetsereka.
Ili ndipamwamba kwambiri (1-1.2 m) ndi peduncle yowoneka bwino kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi mapepala awiri a xiphoidal ndi nsonga zabwino, imatha kufika 55-60 masentimita m'litali. Mphukirayi imakhala yofewa kwambiri, ndipo mapulasitiki amangolemba zokongoletsa zawo m'nyengo yonseyi. 
Mizu imaimiridwa ndi kamtunda kakang'ono (4-6 masentimita) corm ya mawonekedwe ozungulira. Imakhala yophimbidwa ndi chipolopolo ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni.
Inflorescence ngati mawonekedwe a tizilombo tating'ono tingathe "kutaya" maluwa khumi ndi awiri. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala mu August - September (malingana ndi nthawi yobzala). Panthawiyi, aciduria wa mzere Muriela amakondweretsa diso ndi maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi masentimita 5-12. Pamphepete mwa magawo asanu akuthwa, akhoza kukhala ndi mdima wofiira kapena wofiira pakati (njirayi ndi yochepa kwambiri).
Ndikofunikira! Musachedwe kugula mababu omwe amachokera kunja. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, bulba, amene amazoloŵera kutentha, sangangotengeka.Pakati pa maluwa, mukhoza kutenga fungo losangalatsa kuchokera ku maluwa otseguka. Izi "amber" sizamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo zonunkhira zambiri zochokera ku zomera zowonjezera zingathe "kupha" izo.
M'dzinja ndi nthawi ya fruiting. Maluwa pang'onopang'ono akufalikira kupanga mawonekedwe a nyemba zambewu. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa zakuthupi. 
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Omwe amalima maluwa omwe amavomereza kawirikawiri amakhala osokonezeka mu mayina a mitundu ndi mitundu yofanana. Pankhani ya zovuta zowonjezereka zimapangitsanso chisokonezo m'mabuku a masitolo ndi mainda. Tiyeni tiyesetse kubweretsa zina momveka bwino.
Kuwona chizindikiro cha mtengo mu sitolo, kusonyeza kuti pali atsidanter patsogolo panu Murielae mitundukumbukirani - ili ndilo dzina lachiwiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maluwa onse a mtundu umenewu.
Koma ili ndilo dzina lakale. Zaka 15 zapitazo, chomeracho chimatchedwa gladiolus. Muriel. Dzina loyambirira la maluwa onunkhira limakhalabe mu maphunziro, lomwe limabweretsa mavuto ena posankha. 
Mwa anthu amadziwikanso ngati gladiolus onunkhira (kapena onunkhira), ena amamutcha lupanga. Zimapezeka kuti mayina osavutawa amathandiza kufotokozera wogulitsa zomwe mukufuna.
Mukudziwa? Kale ku Roma, mphamvu zamatsenga zimatchedwa gladiolus, anthu amene ankamenyana nawo ankaona kuti ndi maluwa awo: Anagwiritsa ntchito mizu ya gladiolus ngati chiwombankhanga ndipo ankanyamula pachifuwa chawo. Anakhulupilira kuti nthawi zonse amabweretsa chigonjetso.
Pokhala mutagwirizana ndi "wobwereza", pitani ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi, pali pafupifupi 40, koma sikuti onse amazika mizu yathu. Kawirikawiri pa malo omwe mungathe kuwona "oimira" a mizere ija:
Mizere iwiri, "mwachidule" atsidantera ndi maluwa akulu, pakati pake pali malo akuda ndi ofiira. Uwu ndiwo mtundu wodalirika, ndipo chisamaliro choyenera chingathe "kupatsa" maluwa ndi awiri a 10-12 masentimita. 
Bicolor ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana a "core" (makamaka mdima wambiri). 
Mdima wamfupi. Kuchokera pa dzina izo zikuwonekera kuti maluwa amaikidwa pa yaing'ono chubu. Mbali yawo yosiyanitsa ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiirira. 
Tropical. Icho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi inflorescence pakati pa mitundu yonse (5). Chimake choyera chimakhala "chochepetsedwa" chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi mawanga ofiira. 
Zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi - kuoneka ngati kumaphatikizapo kudzichepetsa komanso kuona. Ichi chinali chinsinsi chodziwika kwa chomera. Zina mwazimene zimapangitsa kuti zikhale njira zosavuta kuti mubzala ndi kusamalira mwana wa acidant yemwe anakulira pansi.
Tikufika
Igawidwa mu magawo awiri - oyambirira (kwa quenching) ndi yaikulu. Kuphatikiza uku kumakupatsani inu mbande zamphamvu ndi zotalika.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zambiri chinyezi chimakopa slugs. Komanso, mvula, yowawa ndi yozizira chilimwe maluwa silingakhoze kudikira.
"Pot" kubzala bwino kumera kumachitika monga:
- Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, miphika yokhala ndi madigiri 13-15 masentimita amatengedwa.
- Chitsulo chimatsanulidwira mkati mwawo ("orchid" kuchokera ku sitolo idzachita).
- Mababuwa amaikidwa pa akuya masentimita 3-4 ndi kuwaza dothi. Chiwerengero cha mbande chimadalira kukula kwake. Ndibwino kuti mutenge imodzi pamphika, ngakhale kuti malo ambiri 5-6 anyezi ang'onoang'ono muli chidebe cha masentimita 15 kapena zitatu zazikulu.
- Ndiye chirichonse chiri mwachizolowezi. Mphika umayikidwa pazenera zowonongeka bwino. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kakangoyamba kuuma, mbande imatsitsimuka nthawi yomweyo. Mu April, pamene kutenthetsa kumachitika, miphika imapangidwa ku loggia kapena wowonjezera kutentha.
Pamene chisanu chimatha kwathunthu (kawirikawiri iyi ndi mwezi wa May), Muriel akutumizidwira kumatseguka pansi:
- Choyamba, malo owala bwino amasankhidwa. Ngati izi sizingatheke - ziribe kanthu, ndipo mthunzi wamba udzachita. Ponena za nthaka, duwa limatengedwa pafupifupi dothi lililonse (kupatula mwina "dothi" lolemera).
- Dulani mabowo 8-12 cm aliyense. Ganizirani kukula kwa sapling inayake. "Kusiyana" pakati pa mabowo kumadalira pazigawo izi - kuchepa kwapakati ndi 12 cm, pomwe pakati pa mababu akuluakulu 15-20 masentimita atsalira.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka za m'ma 500 CE, ufa wa gladiolus corm unkawonjezeka pamene ankaphika mkate.
Pokhala ndi "mpando" wothira, mukhoza kugona pamenepo mchenga waung'ono. Babu imayikidwa mu dzenje ndikuzaza dziko lapansi, pambuyo pake kuthirira madzi kumatulutsa nthawi yomweyo.
Monga mukuonera, atsidantera ndi yophweka pobzala, kuti ifanane ndi kulima.
Chisamaliro
Chomera chodzichepetsa chimafuna wamba, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi kusamalira nthawi zonse. Njira izi zimatha pa chilichonse chimene inu muli tsopano ndi kuchiwona.
Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse
Ngakhale kuti ndichokera ku Africa, zosowa zosatha zimakhala zosavuta. Kutsekemera kumachitika mosalekeza, dothi sayenera kuuma (kopanda apo bulba idzauma mwamsanga).
M'nyengo yozizira, chomera chimatenga 2-3 ndowa pa sabata, imodzi ya iliyonse. Kumbali inayi, kupitiliza kwina kwa rhizome n'kosafunika. Pachiyambi cha maluwa, madzi okwanira amachepetsedwa pang'ono, omwe ndi abwino kwa maonekedwe omwe amapezeka (mdima wamdima womwe ulipo mu mtundu umakhala wokhutira kwambiri).
Kuphatikizana kumathandiza kusunga chinyezi pa nyengo yokula. Mu maphunzirowo muli "ufa" wa udzu wodulidwa, peat kapena wosweka humus. Zoona, muyenera kusamala ndi mankhwalawa - mankhwala ambiri akhoza "kutentha" anyezi.
Kutsegula ndi kupalira
Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, dothi pafupi ndi duwa limamasulidwa, kotero kuti rhizome imapeza gawo lofunikira la mpweya.
Zida za njira yotereyi zikanakhala bwino kuyamwa katatu - kotetezeka. Izi zimachitika kuti, popanda kuwerengera mphamvu, ena amawononga peduncle ndi chopper, kapena ngakhale kufika "bulba" palokha. Ndi ntchito yolondola "yamtendere" imatulutsidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala a alpine, ena anabzala msuzi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamphepete mwa mchere wonyezimira pafupi ndi zonunkhira za gladioli. Zikuwoneka zokongola, koma mitundu yambiri ya zomera izi ndizoopsa. N'zosatheka kugwiritsira ntchito zokongoletsa "masewera achilengedwe" omwe amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumunda wapafupi!
Kupalira kuli kofunika ngati mukufunikira. Ndibwino kuti tithe kuchotsa udzu, popanda kuyembekezera kuti tithamangitse kukula. Ngati mwaphonya mphindi, inflorescences idzakhala yaulesi, ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Wokoma mtima "wokhalamo" pa webusaitiyi, yomwe imawoneka ngati yowonjezera gladiolus, imafuna feteleza nthawi zonse.
Kupaka kwapamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pa masabata awiri (chifukwa cha "dothi" lovuta "kuchepa kwachepetsedwa kukhala masiku khumi) komanso kuphatikizapo kuthirira kwotsatira.
Zolinga zoterozo, tengani mankhwala ovuta kwambiri monga nitroammofoski. Musanayambe kupanga, samalani zomwe zikugulitsidwa - ngati muli ndi mankhwala ochulukitsa ammonia, ndiye mankhwala ndi masamba adzakula, pomwe maluwawo adzakhala osakaniza. 
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Atsidantera ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, koma musaiwale za zinthu monga "malo okhala" ndi zikhalidwe zina. Kuchokera pamenepo kuti zilonda zosiyanasiyana ndi majeremusi amatenga kachilomboka.
Kawirikawiri nthawi zambiri amatha kuphika matendawa:
- Mame a Mealy. Kulimbana nalo limagwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate - 2.5 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Pambuyo popopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chitani kaye 1-2 (ndi nthawi ya masiku asanu). Ngati sikuthandiza - 5 malita a madzi otentha awonjezere koloko yamphongo (25 g) ndi sopo madzi (5 g). Iwo amakonza osati chomera chokha, komanso nthaka, mu 2-3 mlingo ndi sabata yopuma.
- Mizu yovunda. Ndizoopsa chifukwa pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuchepetsa zomerazo ziyenera kutayidwa (izi ndizo mitundu yonse ya zamoyo ndi mizu ya bulbous). Kupewa n'kofunika pano - musanadzalemo, mababuwo amaikidwa muzitsulo zamapulasitiki ndi phulusa ndi zinyama zowuma. Kumeneko amasungidwa pamalo ouma mpaka kubwera.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka za m'ma XVII-XVIII, gladioli imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala opweteka ngati dzino komanso ngati wothandizira amayi okalamba.
- Kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ndi maonekedwe. "Zodzikongoletsera" zopweteka zomwe zangooneka kumene zingathetsedwe ndi njira yothetsera sulfure (25 g / 10 l). Kuti zitheke bwino, mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa katatu, pambuyo podikirira sabata.
Ena mwa "otsutsa" adatchulidwa tizirombo ngati izi:
- Aphid Sichilekerera ntchito ya tizilombo ta mtundu wa "Aktellika" ndi "Tanreka." Ampoules mu 2 ml okwanira 2 malita a madzi. Ngati pali tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timene timatengera 1 lita imodzi. Amaloledwa (kupitirira awiri) kukonza.
- Kupuma. Mankhwalawa ndi ofanana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, koma "Decis" yamphamvu imathandizanso kwambiri. 0.1 g / 10 l - ndipo vuto limathetsedwa, midji yaying'ono idzayamba kufa mu mphindi zisanu zokha. Onani nthawi ya mankhwala (masiku 15).
- Slugs Pambuyo chithandizo ndi njira zofanana, sizikuwoneka kuti zikuwonekera pa peduncle. Monga njira yowonetsetsa, akulangizidwa kuti asonkhanitse mbewu zomwe zili pafupi.
Kuswana
Njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amadziwika bwino kwa onse olima maluwa, koma palinso mfundo zomwe ziyenera kutchulidwa mosiyana.
Mbewu
Njira imeneyi ndi kuphweka kwake konse imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu zimamera kufika pa siteji ya maluwa kokha pa nyengo yachitatu mutabzala mutseguka pansi. Kwa ena, zimatenga zaka ziwiri zokha (koma izi sizodziwika ngakhale pa nthaka yabwino).
Ngati mavuto ngati amenewa sakuwopsyeza, ndipo nthawi ikupezeka ndi chitukuko, njira yonseyi ikuchitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
- Kuyambira m'dzinja, mbewu zimasankhidwa mabokosi omwe amasungidwa m'malo owuma, amdima;
- kumayambiriro kwa February, bokosi pansi pa mbeu limatengedwa kumene gawo lokonzekera limatsanulidwa;
Ndikofunikira! Kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku nyengo yozizizira mpaka nyengo yozizira imapangitsa maonekedwe a mizu kuvunda. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo, acididers amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera.
- Mbeuyi imayikidwa mu bokosili ndipo imakanikizidwa mu kuya kwa 0,5-1 masentimita. Simungathe kukanikiza, koma kungomwaza ndi wosanjikiza wa dziko lapansi mofanana;
- Onetsetsani kutentha, ayenera kukhala osachepera +20 ° C.
Nthawi yoyamba mbewuzo zimayambitsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala, ndipo pokhapokha mutha kuthirira maluwa bwinobwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, iyenso iyenera kuwedzeredwa, ndikuyiika pamiphika yosiyana kapena pansi.
Pambuyo pa kukwera kwakukulu, rhizome imakumbidwa ndipo imatumizidwa ku hibernate kuti ikalenso kubzala mababu ang'onoang'ono m'chaka. Chaka chotsatira, ntchitoyi imabwerezedwa, ndipo pomwepo mukhoza kuyembekezera maluwa.
Osati aliyense wokhutira ndi kuyembekezera kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kenako amapita ku njira ina, mofulumira kwambiri kubalana.
Mababu
Anyezi otsekemera adakumba mumagwa. Ali ndi ana omwe ayenera kupatulidwa. Sankhani "ana" omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, osati khungu losakanizika.
Masabata ndi theka asanadzalemo, masikelo amachotsedwa mosamala ndipo mwanayo amamwetsedwa m'madzi otentha (mpaka 35 ° C) masana. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndi kumera m'nthaka ndi kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat pa 22 ... +25 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Pakalipano, vitamini C yambiri yapezeka mu gladioli. Petals of black and red gladioli amaphatikizapo mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa chitetezo chaumunthu.
Kufika kumachitika kale pa dziko lapansi lotentha mu dzenje. Pansi pa maenje akugona 1 masentimita a mchenga wa mtsinje, ndiyeno perekani yankho la mkuwa sulfate kapena permanganate (1 g / 10 l). Ana amaikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5-6 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kusiyana pakati pa mabowo ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mababu akuluakulu.
Masamba ayenera kunyalanyaza mwezi.
Timalimbikitsanso kuti mudzidziwe ndi mndandanda wa maluwa a bulbu omwe amakongoletsa bedi lanu: crocuses, irises, muscari, freesia, narcissus, tulip, kakombo, gladiolus, autumn crocus ndi chisanu.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi, ndipo ndi liti pamene mungathe kukumba maluwa osakhwima ngati acidist. Chilichonse ndi chikhalidwe apa: rhizome imachotsedwa ndi frosts yoyamba.
Koma mpaka pano, ndi bwino kukumbukira zovuta zochepa. Choyamba chimakhudza kuthirira, zomwe zimachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono mutapita maluwa. Musaiwale za feteleza - mutatha maluwawo, mawu awo oyambawo ndi oletsedwa.
Madzulo a chisanu, tsinde limadulidwa pamlingo wa masamba apansi, omwe nthawi yotsalayo imatsala. Ndipo pambuyo pake ndiye chomeracho chikumba. Mwamsanga anachotsa dziko lapansi ndi mizu ikukula, ndipo ana amalekanitsidwa ndi mababu ndi tsinde palokha.
Acidanter, monga momwe tikudziwira kale, sizomwe zimakhazikika, ndipo khalidweli limagwiranso ntchito yosunga m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! Zaka zambiri musanabzala (ngakhale m'dzinja kukumba), fufuzani dothi la kupezeka kwa mphutsi za Khrushchev ndi Medvedka. Ngakhale ngati pali angapo chabe, iwo amaopseza maluwa.
Pakadutsa masabata 2-4 pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, mababuwo amasungidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira pa 20% +22 ° C. Patatha mwezi umodzi, "kutsetsereka" kwachotsedwa, ndipo anyeziwo amachotsedwa mu thumba lathumba kapena mapepala, omwe amatha "overwinter" (kutentha pafupifupi +15 ° C).
Atsidantera m'mapangidwe a malo
Kukongola kosatha nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokhazikitsa malo. Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lapamwamba chidzagwiritsidwa bwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera:
- Zithunzi za Alpine. Iyi ndi njira yoyenera ya duwa limene limakula mu mawonekedwe a "zakutchire" pamphepete mwala.
- Wokhutira flowerbed. Ngati gululi likukonzekera kuti likhale lozungulira, acidanter imabzalidwa pafupi ndi pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa zotsatira za "piramidi yamoyo".
- "Kutulutsa" malo osungirako zinthu. Mwamba "mwendo", kuphatikizapo khalidwe la masamba kumayambitsa maubwenzi osagwirizana ndi bango, koma phindu la mtundu limapindula kwambiri.
- Njira yosavuta ndiyo kudzala maluwa pafupi ndi benchi kapena gazebo. Fungo losasangalatsa kuchokera kwa iwo limaphatikizapo bwino zonse mu August madzulo.
Zithunzi za alpine nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ndi zomera ngati izi: alpine aster, mimulus, lumbago, hionodoksom, achinyamata, purslane, basilus, juniper, armeria ndi malo odyera.
Mukudziwa? Gladiolus ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zisanu zomwe zimadulidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Okhala moyandikana nawo zomera awa adzakhala osatha, omwe pamene maluwa "kusewera" mithunzi yofiira ndi yofiirira. Awa ndi asters ndi wise.
Tsopano mutha kupeza mosavuta Murielu. Tikukhulupirira, njira yakukula siimayambitsa vuto lalikulu. Mitundu yowonjezereka tsiku lililonse!
