Kawirikawiri sitingayankhe funso lomwe masamba ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo izi zingayambitse lingaliro lakuti sizitsamba zonse zamasamba ndiwo ndiwo zamasamba. Ndipotu, mizu ya mbewu ndi mbewu za masamba zomwe zimakula kuti zidye ndi ziwalo zozizwitsa za zomera. Ndizuzu masamba beets, kaloti, turnips, radishes, radishes, turnips, parsnips, celery, parsley, arracaca, rutabaga, pamutu, Maca Peru, Scorzonera, oat mizu, daikon. M'nkhani yathu tikukambirana za masamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mbatata
Mbatata (tuberiferous nightshade) ndi mtundu wa masamba osatha a root-tuberous omwe ali a mtundu wa Nightshade. banja la Solanaceae. Mawu a Chirasha "mbatata" ali ndi mizu ya ku Germany. M'Chijeremani, zimveka ngati Kartoffel. Koma ili silo dzina lalikulu, popeza linapangidwa m'Chitaliyana monga tartufo, tartufolo. 
Mbatata ili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba, omwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita 1, ndi zimayambira zingapo (kuyambira 4 mpaka 8). Mitundu ya tuber imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwake. Muzu mapesi amadziwika ndi kukwapula, kumiza pansi. Mbatata zina zimakhala ndi zitsulo (stolons). Zomwe zimapangidwanso zimakhala zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomera zomwe zimayenera kudyetsa.
Mbatata tuber - iyi ndi impso yomwe yakula. Amakhala ndi maselo osakaniza mkati ndi minofu ya kunja. Pamwamba pa tuber pali axillary masamba (maso). Kuchokera pa iwo kumakula mphukira zatsopano. Timer iliyonse imakhala ndi masamba 8, iliyonse imakhala ndi impso. Impso yomwe inamera yoyamba imatchedwa waukulu, ena onse - akugona. Mphukira zogona zimatha kudzuka ndikupanga mphukira zofooka. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mphukira yaikulu imapanga mphukira zamphamvu. 
Pamwamba pa tuber muli ndi mphodza. Ziwalozi zimapangidwa kuti zizizungulira mpweya ndi madzi mu mbatata.
Maonekedwe a mizu ndi osiyana: kuzungulira, kupatulira, oval. Mbatata ya mbatata ikhoza kukhala yoyera, pinki, violet. Nthawi zambiri thupi limakhala loyera, kirimu kapena chikasu.
Mukudziwa? Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18, mbatata sizinayambitsidwanso ngati chomera chomera. Mu 1772, Agronomist Antoine-Auguste Parmantier anatsimikizira kuti mbatata ndi zakudya.Mizuyi ndi fibrous, yomwe ili 20-40 cm pansi pa dziko lapansi. Mtengo wachitsulo chitukuko umachitika pa budding. Pamene tubers zipse, muzu umatha.
Masamba a mbatata amabwera mosiyanasiyana: zosamvetseka-pinnate, zasokonezedwa. Mitundu yambiri imatengera mtundu wa masamba. Amadziwika kuti kuli kobiriwira, zobiriwira, zakuda.
Mitundu ya mbatata imadziwika maluwa angapo maluwa: oyera, pinki, zofiirira. Mbatata imatulutsa mungu, koma pali mitundu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito pollination. 
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso za mbatata zimapangidwa mpaka September. Iwo amaimiridwa ndi mchere wambiri wamdima wobiriwira ndi awiri a masentimita awiri. Fungo lawo limakumbukira za strawberries, koma makamaka ali owopsa, chifukwa ali ndi solanine. Choncho, palibe chomwe chingayesedwe.Pali mbewu zambiri pagulu lililonse (pafupifupi 1000 zidutswa zolemera 0,5 g). Koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuswana (kubzala), koma cholinga cha kusankha.
Kusankhidwa mbatata tubers Sungakhoze kusungidwa mu dzuwa. Zidzakhala zobiriwira ndipo zitha kukhala ndi solanine zomwe zimayambitsa thanzi laumunthu. 
Mu tubers madzi ambiri (75%) ndi nkhani youma (25%). Ndi "zowuma" timatanthawuza chakudya (otentha pafupifupi 16%, shuga 2%), mapuloteni (2 g), mafuta (0.2 g), 1% ma fiber ndi pectins, mavitamini ndi mchere.
Mbatata ndizopangidwa mkulu mu wowuma. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imachokera ku 14 mpaka 22% ya gawolo. Zimapangidwanso mosavuta, komanso zimapangidwanso mankhwala.
Mbatata imapangitsa m'mimba kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cha mchere ndi pectin, imachotsa mafuta m'thupi. Lili ndi mavitamini A, B2, B6, C, E, H, K, PP. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa uli ndi potassium, magnesium, sodium, chitsulo, mkuwa, zinki, ayodini, manganese. Chifukwa cha kalori yochuluka (76 Kcal pa 100 g), mbatata si yabwino kwa anthu olemera kwambiri. 
Karoti
Karoti ndilo dzina zaka ziwiri yomwe kwa chaka choyamba kachipangizo kamene kamapangidwa, mizu mbewu, ndipo chaka chachiwiri - chitsamba chokhala ndi mbewu. Kufalitsidwa ku Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, America.
Gawo lina la kaloti ndi losiyana ndi misa (30-200g). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphepo zimagwira ntchito pollination ya zomera.
Mzuwu uli ndi magawo atatu: mizu, khosi ndi mutu. Pamwamba pa mutu pali masamba omwe amapanga rosette ndipo amafota mmenemo. Palibe mizu kapena masamba ozungulira khosi. Kaloti ndi ovoid ndi conical. 
Maluwa amapanga ambulera. Kaloti ali ndi masamba a petiolate. Mbeuzo zimakhala zosiyana, zowona. Pamwamba pake palipopi zazing'ono. Nkhumba 1000 zikulemera kuchokera 1-2.8 g.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera ku magwero a Aigupto amadziwika kuti karoti poyamba anali mtundu wofiira. Mitundu ya Orange inayamba kuonekera ku Holland. Masiku ano, pali karoti lalanje, wakuda, wobiriwira, wofiirira, woyera.Carrot carotene imathandiza retina kuti igwire bwino. Choncho, aliyense amene amawerenga zambiri ayenera kuthana ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono, omwe nthawi zonse ayenera kumvetsera kwambiri, ayenera kudya kaloti. Komanso, beta-carotene, monga antioxidant, imatha msinkhu wachinyamata. Ngati pali mavuto ena ndi masomphenya, kaloti ikhozanso kuthandizira.
Kaloti kaloti - 32 Kcal pa 100 g Mavitamini 1.3 g, mafuta 0.1 g, makapu 6.9 g Ndipo karoti ali ndi 88 g madzi, monosaccharides, disaccharides, starch, pectin, organic acids, phulusa. Kaloti amakhala ndi mavitamini A, B, PP, C, E ndi K, mchere: ayodini, calcium, magnesium, zinki, phosphorous, chitsulo, mkuwa, chromium. Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino pa khungu ndi mucous membranes. Komanso karoti ndi mafuta ofunikira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa, zodzoladzola, zonunkhira.Selari
Selari - chomera kuchokera banja la ambulera (Apiaceae). Mafuta onunkhira - mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Chomeracho, chomwe chiri ndi mizu yowonjezereka, chimakhalabe bwino m'madera ozizira pafupi ndi mathithi ndi mitsinje yamchere. Kutalika kwapakati ndi 1 mamita, masamba ali ndi pinnate, omwe ali pa phesi losungunuka. Maluwa azing'ono zing'onozing'ono zobiriwira amaphatikizidwira kukhala zovuta zozizira ndi ambulera. Dongosolo la Mndandanda wa Zomera limati pali mitundu 17 ya udzu winawake. 
Zigawo zonse zamadzulo zimadya, koma Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tsinde. Petioles ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, zonunkhira, zachilendo. Nthenda yamakono ya mankhwalawa ndi 12 Kcal pa 100 g Mavitamini 0.9 g, mafuta 0,1 g, makapu 2.1 g 100 g ya tubelisi yamagazi ndi 320 mg ya potaziyamu, 80 mg ya phosphorous, 68 mg ya calcium, 9 mg ya magnesium, 0.15 mg manganese, 0,31 mg zinc, 0.53 mg chitsulo.
Mankhwala a iron, magnesium ndi calcium akuwonjezereka, imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuchepetsa kutupa. Selari imateteza matenda opatsirana, ndi mankhwala okhudzana ndi atherosclerosis, amachititsa kuti mitsempha isokonezeke, imachiza matenda oopsa, ndipo imapangitsa matumbo kukhala abwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mwala wa impso umapezeka mwa munthu, udzu winawake sungadye, chifukwa ukhoza kuyambitsa kuyenda kwa miyala mu thupi lonse. Pamene thrombophlebitis ndi mitsempha ya varicose sangathe kudya udzu winawake. Musagwiritse ntchito chomera ichi ngati mayiyo ali pachigawo chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha mimba.
Ginger
Ginger ndi therere losatha limene liri Banja la Ginger. Pali mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mankhwalawa.
Ginger poyamba unakula ku South Asia. Masiku ano zimakula ku China, India, Indonesia, Australia, West Africa, Jamaica, Barbados.
Ginger rhizome appendage. Ndondomeko ya fibrous imapangidwa kuchokera ku mizu. Mizu ili ndi makonzedwe apamwamba, minofu yawo ya kunja; Pakatikatikati pake pamakhala timatabwa tomwe timagawanika. Zimayambira bwino, zowonongeka, osati za pubescent. Pali internodes ndi kukula kwaposa 1 masentimita. Masamba a chomera ndi osakaniza, ophweka, okwanira, owonetsera. 
Maluwawo ali pa peduncles, ndi mbali ya splorescences. Bokosi labwino lomwe limagwidwa ndi zipatso.
Mphuno ya ginger ndi gawo lodyera la chomera. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a zidutswa zomwe ziri mu ndege yomweyo.
Msuzi wa calorie - 80 Kcal. Mapuloteni 1.8 g, mafuta 0,8 g, chakudya 15.8 g. Mavitaminiwa ali ndi mafuta ofunika kwambiri (1-3%), momwe muli 1.5% gingerol, resin, wowuma, shuga, mafuta. Ginger imakhala ndi mavitamini C, B1, B2 ndi amino acid. 
Ginger imayambitsa matenda a m'mimba, amachitira ulemu, amakondweretsa kudya, kukumbukira, amathandiza kuthana ndi sciatica, kupweteka, chifuwa, kuzizira, amatsuka thupi la poizoni. Ndi "zonunkhira" zomwe zimapangitsa chakudya chimbudzi komanso magazi.
Kuwonjezera pa ginger, cress, calendula, oregano (oregano), chervil, udzu wamaluwa, Kale kabichi, Lyubka bilove, yucca, dodder ndi tsabola zimathandizanso pamtunda.
Rutabaga
Rutabaga ndi zaka ziwiri zomwe zimadya chakudya cha anthu ndi chakudya cha nyama; mitundu ya mtundu wa kabichi (Brassica) Banja la kabichi. Zimatengedwa kuphatikiza kabichi ndi turnips. Mitundu yopindulitsa kwambiri imadziwika kuti "Krasnoselskaya" ndi "Swedish". Maonekedwe ake amawoneka ngati beets, koma mtundu wake ndi lilac ndi woyera. Thupi ndi lowawa pang'ono, limakonda ngati mpiru. Anagawidwa ku Sweden, Russia, Scandinavia, Germany, Finland. 
Mukudziwa? M'midzi ina ndi midzi ya Russia, swede amatchedwa mtsinje, bukhvoy, bushma, galanka, gruhvoi, jaundice, dziko lapansi, kalega, kaliva, kaliga, kalika, turnip yachi German kapena Swedish. Mwalakwitsa, beetroot amatchedwa kutupa, koma kwenikweni ndi chosiyana chomera.Mizere ya Swede ndi yolunjika, yayitali, yowonongeka. Mapepala otsika amafanana ndi lyre, m'malo moonda, amaliseche. Bzalani imvi mtundu.
Inflorescence ndi burashi. Mitundu ya golide ya golide. Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe a mtedza wautali wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10, kutalika kwake, amakhala ndi masentimita 1-3, amadzimadzimadzimita 1-2, alibe mbewu, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mbewu imodzi kapena ziwiri. Mbeuyi imakhala ngati mipira, yofiirira, ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi mamita 1.8 mm. Nkhumba 1000 zikulemera pafupifupi 2.50-3.80 g. 
Muzu ndi wozungulira, wovunda, woboola ngati wala. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi kutumphuka zimadalira zosiyanasiyana.
Zomera za kalori ndi 37.5 Kcal pa 100 g, chakudya - 7.3 g, mafuta - 0,1 g, zakudya zamtundu - 1.1 g, mapuloteni -1.2 g Kuwonjezera apo, rutabaga ili ndi cellulose, starch, pectins, mavitamini B1, B2, P, C, carotene, nicotinic acid, salt salt (potaziyamu, sulfure, phosphorous, iron, calcium). Rutabaga ndi yodzaza ndi mchere kuposa turnips.
Chogulitsira ichi chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chigwiritse ntchito ngati diuretic, kuti chinyamulire mankhwala otupa, pofuna kudzimbidwa. Madzi turnips amachiritsidwa ndi kusowa mavitamini, amatha kuchiritsa mabala. Chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakudya, gastritis, colic. Matenda a m'mimba okha amatha kutsutsana. 
Mukudziwa? Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ankawoneka ngati swede ngati masamba omwe ankakonda kwambiri.
Yerusalemu atitchoku
Yerusalemu atitchoku - zitsamba zosatha za mtundu wa mpendadzuwa wa banja la Astrov. Dzina lofanana ndi "peyala yadothi", "Jerusalem artichoke", "bulba", "boulevard", "drum". Dzinali liri ndi mizu ya Brazil, chifukwa imachokera ku kutchulidwa kwa fuko la Amwenye ochokera ku Brazil - tupinamba. Habitat - Brazil, North America, UK, France, Ukraine, Russia, Australia, Japan. Aliyense akhoza kusankha choyenerera kuchokera pa mitundu 300 yomwe iliko.
Mizu ya chomera ndi yamphamvu ndi yakuya. Zakudya zodyera zili pansi pa mphukira pansi, kulawa ngati kabichi poker kapena mpiru, utoto wofiira, wachikasu, wofiirira kapena wofiira. Tsinde lakuthwa, pafupifupi masentimita 40 mmwamba. 
Masamba mu mawonekedwe a mapesi a lowed. Munsimu ndi ovoid kapena zooneka ngati mtima, zam'mwambazi zimapangidwira, zimatulutsa. Maluwa ndi mbali ya madengu (m'mimba mwake 2-10 cm). Nthawi yamaluwa - kuyambira August mpaka Oktoba. Zipatso ndi achenes.
Mankhwalawa amapezeka ngati tubatata. Ma caloric a Jerusalem artichoke ndi 61 Kcal pa 100 g, ali ndi 2.1 g ya mapuloteni, 0,1 g mafuta, ndi 12.8 g mafuta. Komanso, zamasamba zimaphatikizapo mchere wamchere, inulini (sulfure polysaccharides) (16-18%), fructose, kufufuza zinthu, nitrogenous substances (2-4%). Chomeracho chiri ndi mavitamini ambiri B1, C, carotene. Kuchuluka kwa shuga mu tuber kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi, monga pali kayendetsedwe ka zakudya kuchokera mu tsinde ndi masamba. 
Atitchoku ya Yerusalemu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gout, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri. Mizu ya msuzi imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, maselo a hemoglobin. Zokwanira anthu okhala mumzinda, komwe kuli mpweya wambiri, mphutsi, kutuluka kwa zinyalala mumlengalenga, nthaka, madzi. Atitchoku ya Yerusalemu sagonjetsa zotsatira za zochitika zachilengedwe. Komanso amachotsa zitsulo zolemera, ma radionuclides, zinthu zoopsa m'thupi. Chida chotsutsana ndi poizoni cha chomeracho chinali chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa inulin ndi fiber, zomwe zimakhala zigawo za artichoke ya Yerusalemu. Muzu umenewu uli ndi "shuga" zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa kuposa nzimbe kapena nzimbe.
Zingayambitse kupweteka, kutaya kwambiri mafuta.
Mukudziwa? Japan, Holland ndi United States zimabala khofi ya topinambur.
Radishi
Radish - chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri mzuzi masamba a mtundu wa Radish Banja la kabichi. Dzina la Chilatini kuyambira: mizere - mizu. Radishi amabadwira ku Middle East, koma imakula kachiwiri ku Ulaya, United States. Dziko la Netherlands limayamba kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala. 
Kalori radish ndi 14 Kcal pa 100 g, ali ndi mapuloteni - 1.1 g, mafuta - 0,1 g, chakudya - 2.0 g, komanso 94 g madzi, potaziyamu, calcium, phosphorous, iron, fluorine, salt salt, riboflavin, thiamine , nicotinic acid, mavitamini B1, B2, B3, C, PP.
Radishi mizu ndi 2-8 masentimita awiri, kuzungulira, oval, oblong. Mzuwu umakhala ndi khungu lofiira kapena lofiira. Choyambitsa chisokonezo chakuda ndi mpiru mafuta. 
Radishi amapanga tinthu tating'ono tomwe timagawanika. Maluwa a pinki mtundu mawonekedwe mu inflorescences. Chomera chimayamba kuphuka mkati mwa masiku 60 mutabzala mbewu, maluwa amatha mwezi.
Radishi ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi matenda a mtima, matenda a atherosclerosis, kunenepa kwambiri. Radishi imapangitsa bwino matumbo. Silicon, yomwe ili m'gulu la radish, imachotsa mafuta m'thupi, imateteza chitetezo chokwanira komanso zimayenda bwino.
The hellebore, oregano (oregano), chervil, caraway, rocambol, loch, hops, oxalis, calendula ndi buttercups, komanso radishes, zimathandiza kwambiri robot ya mtima.Mafuta apamwamba kwambiri muzu uwu akhoza kuwononga kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi gastritis, kuperepesa, ndi kutupa ndulu.
Mukudziwa? Radishi anayesa kukula pa malo osungiramo malo. Anasankhidwa chifukwa chakuti amadziwika ndi nyengo yochepa (kuyambira masiku 30 mpaka 45) ndi mizu ndi masamba. Choncho, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kuti ubale ngakhale mlengalenga.
Pasternak
Pasternak ndi zabwino komanso zosatha Mabanja achimbulera. Amapezeka pamapiri aatali ndi a mapiri, m'mapiri. Nthawi zina zomera zimatchedwa pustard, munda borshch, munda wa mabulosi, tragus, stem, mizu yoyera. Dzinali linakongoletsedwa ku German, ndipo dzina lachilatini loyamba ndi pastināca (kuchokera ku pastināre - kukumba). Amakula ku Ulaya ndi ku Central Asia, ku Caucasus, ku Balkans. 
Mukudziwa? Zinapezeka kuti mbewu za parsnip zinalipo kale mu nyengo ya Neolithic mu Switzerland yamakono. Pasternak ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zazikulu mpaka mbatata zinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya.M'chaka choyamba cha kukula, mizu yayikulu imakula ndi rosette, yomwe imaphatikizapo masamba 3 mpaka 7 omwe amasungunuka, omwe kutalika kwake ndi 60-70 masentimita. Chimake chophatikizika chimapezeka m'chaka chachiwiri cha chitukuko, maluwa ndi mbewu zikuwonekera.
Kutentha kovomerezeka kwa chomeracho ndi 15 mpaka 18 ° C. Masamba a Parsnip amatha kusungunuka pamatentha pamwamba pa 20 ° C. Angathe kutentha khungu la munthu molakwika. 
Kalori parsnip ndi 47 Kcal, 1.4 g wa mapuloteni, 0,5 g mafuta, 9.2 g wa chakudya. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, parsnip ili ndi mavitamini ambiri: C, B1, B2, B6, PP, komanso carotene, mafuta ofunikira, furocoumarins, michere, pectin, fibre.
Chomeracho chimakhala ndi fungo lokoma, ngati kaloti ndi parsley. Pasternak amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kunenepa, matenda a ndulu, gout, chifuwa chachikulu, chibayo, kuti apititse patsogolo chiberekero cha zakudya. Chomeracho chimasintha kagayidwe kameneka, kuchotsa miyala ndi salt. 
Mukudziwa? Anthu ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi funsoli: anyezi ndi muzu masamba kapena masamba. Pazuwo, chipatso ndi mizu yosinthidwa, anyezi ndi tsinde losinthidwa. Choncho, babu si mzu wa masamba, koma amatanthauza zamasamba.
Monga tawonera, ndiwo zamasamba ndiwo dzina lofala pa mbewu zonse, ndipo mbewu zazuzi ndi chimodzi mwa magulu a zomera, pamodzi ndi zokometsera, anyezi, nightshade, nyemba, ndi zina. Pamwambayi anapatsidwa tsatanetsatane Mndandanda wa mbewu zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, iliyonse yomwe imakhala yathanzi kwambiri, yothandiza kuti ntchito zikhale zogwirizana ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za anthu, kufulumizitsa kuchepa kwa thupi. Они могут быть использованы в качестве профилактических или лекарственных средств от многих недугов.
