Mtengo wa Apple "Vasyugan" umatanthauzira mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ya apulo, yomwe imakhala yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake, kubereka, kukwiya koyambirira ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Ndipo "Vasyugan", muwonjezera, komanso ali mkulu chisanu kukana. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino izi zosiyanasiyana.
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yoyamba ya apulo inabwera kuchokera ku Ulaya kuchokera ku America ku 1964. Ndipo Vasyugan mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, kumapeto kwa zaka za 80, ku Moscow Institute of Horticulture mwa kudutsa pansi pa Brusnichny ndi KV-5. 
Apple mtengo yomweyo anagwa m'chikondi ndi ankachita masewera wamaluwa chifukwa zosangalatsa mchere zipatso kukoma, zosakwanira zosamalira ndi chisanu kukana. Kuyesedwa kwa mitunduyi kunatha mu 1995, pambuyo pake kubala kwake kwakukulu kunayamba.
Zamoyo
Apple mitengo "Vasyugan" ndi otsika, wochuluka fruiting mitengo. Chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa internodes komanso kusowa kwa nthambi, zikuoneka kuti zipatso zimakula mwachindunji pa mtengo wa mtengo.
Ndikofunikira! Kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo ta apulo "Vasyugan" Kuchiza mitengo ndi fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali umakhala waukulu kwambiri pa zaka zapakati pa 6-8, pomwe sichiposa mamita atatu. Korona imapangidwa kukhala thunthu limodzi, opanda nthambi zammbali ndi masamba ambiri. Kollyakh amachoka mu mbiya. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa nthambi za pambali, mtengowu umakhala m'dera laling'ono, lomwe ndilopindulitsa pamene likukula mu malo ochepa, mwachitsanzo, m'dzikoli. Mbali ya zosiyanasiyana ndi kuwonjezeka chisanu kukana: "Vasyugan" bwino amakhalabe kutentha mpaka -42 ° C, zomwe zimalola kuti wamkulu mu zikhalidwe kumpoto latitudes. Kuwonjezera apo, mawonekedwe osadziwika a mitundu yosiyanasiyana adzakhala okongola kwambiri a munda uliwonse.
Mwinanso mungakhale ndi chidwi ndi maapulo okongoletsera monga: Nedzvetskogo apulo mtengo ndi "Zolemekezeka" mitundu, ndi mtundu kolonovidnye mitundu mitundu ndi Purezidenti. Mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala, plums, apricots imakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe.
Kufotokozera Zipatso
Kulongosola kwa chipatso cha mndandanda wa apulo osiyanasiyana "Vasyugan" ndi motere:
- kulemera - 100-150 g;
- mawonekedwe - okonzeka, okonzeka;
- mtundu - utoto wobiriwira ndi utoto wofiira;
- zamkati ndi zowutsa mudyo, zabwino-zonunkhira, zoyera kapena zonunkhira;
- kulawa - zotsekemera, zodzaza;
- fungo labwino ndi losangalatsa.
Pereka
Kuyambira kucha zipatso kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September. Kukolola bwino zipatso, pamene kusungidwa bwino, kungasungidwe kwa masiku 30. Kawirikawiri zokolola za mtengo umodzi wamkulu ndi 5-6 makilogalamu, kupitirira - kufika 10 kg. Zipatso zimakhala zovuta komanso zolekerera. Iwo ali ndi kukoma kwachikale ndipo amachita bwino mwa mtundu uliwonse. Zipatso zoyamba zikhoza kuoneka kale chaka choyamba, koma mtengo umayamba kubala chipatso m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi mutabzala ndikupitiriza kuchita zimenezi kwa zaka pafupifupi 15. Kuti mupeze mbewu zopitirira kuchokera kumunda, ndi bwino kubzala mbande zatsopano zaka khumi zilizonse.
Onani "mitundu ya maapulo" monga "Rozhdestvenskoe", "Ural Bulk", "Krasa Sverdlovsk", "Orlinka", "Orlovim", "Zvezdochka", "Kandil Orlovsky", "Papirovka", "Screen", "Antey" , Rudolph, Bratchud, Robin, Chief Red, Glory to the Victors.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Ndi bwino kugula mbande m'minda yochokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika omwe ali ndi zolemba zoyenera pazogulitsa zawo. Pogula chitsime kuyendera mmera kuti asakhale wouma kapena ndi mizu yowonongeka. Pamaso pa zipsyinjo kapena zochitika zina za matenda muyenera kusiya chitsanzo ichi. Sikoyenera kupulumutsa ndi kugula mitengo m'malo osalongosoka, chifukwa ndalama zomwe zimagulidwa mu mmera sizidzaperekedwa ndi zipatso zochuluka za zipatso zokoma.
Mukudziwa? Peel ili ndi flavonoids ndi polyphenols, zomwe zimatsutsana ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi khansa.
Lamulo lodzala mbande za apulo m'deralo
Mapulogalamu apamwamba "Vasyugan" amafuna kubzala bwino ndi kusamalidwa kwina:
- Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisungidwe maluwa a apical, popeza apulo alibe nthambi za kumbali;
- Mukamabzala mbande muyenera kupanga feteleza;
- mutabzala muyenera kukhala ndi madzi ambiri pamtengo.
Nthawi yabwino
Nthawi yabwino yogula ndi kudzala mbande za msinkhu womwewo ndi masika, ndiwo: theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Pachifukwa ichi, n'zotheka kuona maluwa oyambirira a mbewuyi chaka chino, komabe maluwa oyambirira ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti asasokoneze chomeracho. Nthawi yotsatira yoyenera kubzala mbande ndi September-November. 
Kusankhidwa kwa malo
Ndikofunika kudzala mbande m'makona opanda phokoso a m'mundamo, popeza mitengo yaying'ono ikuwopabe chisanu. Monga mitengo yonse ya apulo, Vasyugan ili bwino kubzala pamalo otsetsereka, okongola kwambiri, omwe angatheke kumadera ozizira komanso ozizira. Mtengo uwu umakhala wosasangalatsa pamapiri, dzuwa ndi malo omwe madzi apansi ali pafupi kwambiri kuposa mamita 1.5 kuchokera pamwamba. Nthaka m'deralo iyenera kukhala ya asidi osaloĊµerera, dothi la chernozem ndiloyenera, chifukwa liri ndi zowonjezera zonse zomwe zimayenera kuti pakhale mitengo ya apulo. Kuonjezerapo, payenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza mitengo, monga momwe imafunira nthawi zonse. 
Site kukonzekera ndi mbande
Mbeu zosankhidwa mosamala amayang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwa matenda ndi kuwonongeka. Mizu yochepa kwambiri imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuigwira kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri m'madzi. Ngati kuli malo ambiri osankhidwa, m'pofunikira kulima nthaka powonjezera nitrogen feteleza ndi kompositi. Pambuyo pake muyenera kukumba chiwembu chabwino. Gombe lodzala liyenera kukonzedweratu pasanafike (masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (10-15) musanadzalemo), popeza nthaka ikhoza kutha ndi kuvulaza mmera.
Njira ndi ndondomeko
Chombo chodzala chiyenera kukhala chokwanira (osachepera 0.9x0.9x0.9 m kukula) kotero kuti mizu ya mmera ikhale yoyenera mmenemo ndipo mtengowo ulibe zakudya zowonjezera. Mukakumba dzenje, nthaka yachonde yachonde iyenera kutayidwa mosiyana. Ngati nthaka ikulemera mokwanira, ndiye kuti madzi akuchokera ku mchenga kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali ayenera kuperekedwa pansi. Kenaka 3-4 zidebe za kompositi kapena humus, superphosphate (50-100 g) ndi fetashi feteleza (50-80 g) zimalowetsedwa m'nthaka yachonde. Dothi la Dolomite (100-200 g) limaphatikizidwanso ku nthaka ya acidic. Chotsakidwacho chimayikidwa mu maenje. Mitengo iyenera kuyesedwa pamtunda wosachepera 0,5 mamita wina ndi mzake ndi mtunda wochepa pakati pa mizere ya 1 mamita. Msosi wa apulo umayenera kukhala pamwamba pa chiwembucho. Mutabzala, kuthirani mitengo mochuluka. 
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Malinga ndi maonekedwe ake, apulogalamu ya Vasyugan yamtundu wina amafunikira chisamaliro chosamalitsa nyengo kuti asunge makhalidwe ake obala zipatso.
Ndikofunikira! "Vasyugan" - imodzi mwa mitundu yochepa, yomwe imaphatikiziridwa bwino m'madera akumpoto ndi nyengo yayitali ndi yozizira.
Kusamalira dothi
Vasyugan ali ndi chidziwitso pamwamba pa mizu, yomwe imafuna kwambiri madzi okwanira kuposa nthawi zonse mtengo wa apulo. Chofunikira pa nkhaniyi chikanakhala kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira. Komabe, sikuli kofunika kwambiri kuthirira mtengo, chifukwa kuchepa kwa madzi kumachititsa kuti mizu ya mbewu iwonongeke. Ngati sikutheka kukhazikitsa ulimi wothirira, m'pofunika kumwa madzi kamodzi pa masiku 3-4 masiku owuma ndi otentha komanso kamodzi pa sabata - nthawi zina. Pambuyo kuthirira, muyenera kuzungulira bwalo lamtundu wa pristvolny ndi udzu, womwe umachotsedwa m'nyengo yozizira. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mizu ya apulo, sikufunika kumasula nthaka yozungulira, muyenera kuyimitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa kuzungulira mitengo, zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. M'malo mwa tirigu, mungathe kubzala zonunkhira - mandimu kapena katsabola, zomwe zidzakhalanso chitetezo ku tizirombo.
Kudyetsa
Zokolola za mmunda zimadalira mwachindunji feteleza, kotero kumapeto kwa nyengo muyenera kukumbukira kuwonjezera nayitrogeni, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa zomera. Gwero la nayitrogeni ikhoza kukhala - humus, zitosi za mbalame ndi feteleza zamchere. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano, manyowa mitengo mu kugwa. Kuonjezerapo, mitengo ya apulo isanafike ndi pambuyo pake iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potashi feteleza. Ndipo imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe mungakonzekeretse munda wachisanu ndi kuyamba kwa superphosphate. Mwa njira, masitolo apadera amapereka mitundu yokonzekera yopatsa zomera ndi mitengo iliyonse. 
Kuchiza mankhwala
Pofuna kuteteza matenda a apulo, m'pofunika kuwapopera ndi fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kawiri pa chaka - kumapeto kwa maluwa asanayambe kuonekera, ndipo m'dzinja - mutatha kukolola. Monga njira yothetsera nkhanambo, kasupe mitengo amachiritsidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi. Chida chomwecho pamodzi ndi "Fundazol" chingakuthandizeni polimbana ndi matenda ena a mitengo ya apulo - nkhungu ya powdery ndi dzimbiri.
Mukudziwa? Mbeu imodzi yamapulo imakhala ndi mlingo woyenera wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa ayodini, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti thupi liziyenda bwino ndi ubongo.
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Kudulira mitundu "Vasyugan" ili ndi mbali zina: popeza mitengoyi siidasowa nthambi zina, ndi bwino kudula awiriwo. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka choyamba cha kukula, masamba angapo apamwamba amapezeka pa tsamba ili, lomwe liyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Choncho, m'chilimwe cha chaka chachitatu mutabzala, nthambi yosadulidwa idzabala chipatso, ndipo zowonongeka zidzatulutsa mphukira zingapo. Ngati chisanu chawononga masamba a apical, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuchotsa mphukira zatsopano, kupatula zomwe zingatheke, komanso kuti zithetse malo odulidwa ndi laimu. 
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Mtengo wa apulo, makamaka chaka choyamba mutabzala, uyenera kutetezedwa ku chimfine ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana pochikulunga ndi nthambi zazitali, udzu kapena matabwa. Nkofunika kuti pogona pakhale youma mkati ndipo mulibe mipata. 
Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa makoswe ndilo ndodo yachitsulo, yomwe imateteza thunthu lililonse la mtengo mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 120 ndipo amakaikidwa pansi mpaka masentimita 30. Komanso, wamaluwa ambiri amateur amagwiritsa ntchito maukonde a nylon kapena odulidwa mabotolo a pulasitiki.
Kuwonjezera apo, m'nyengo yozizira, mungathe kuyika bwino mizu ya mtengo wa apulo ndi chisanu. Komabe, pakupondaponda chipale chofewa, munthu ayenera kusamala kwambiri kuti asawononge mizu ya mtengo yomwe ili pamtunda.
Ngakhale zikuwoneka zovuta kusamalira Vasyugan zosiyanasiyana, pobzala mitengo iyi, mudzapeza zotsatira zabwino mu mawonekedwe a zokoma, zonunkhira ndi oyambirira kucha maapulo. Ndipo mawonekedwe achilendo a mitengo adzakhala okongoletsera chinthu cha m'munda wanu.
