Mitundu yodabwitsa ya maluwa okongola lero ikuwonjezeka kwambiri, ngakhale pali mavuto ena mu chisamaliro ndi whimsical. Imodzi mwa mitundu imeneyi ingatchedwe kukwera rosa. Chomerachi n'chofanana ndi tonsefe timadziwika, koma tili ndi phindu lalikulu, popeza lingakhale lokongoletsera kwa munda wowonekera. M'nkhani ino tidzakhala tikudziŵa bwino maluwa ochititsa chidwiwa, komanso tifotokoze malamulo oyang'anira chisamaliro ndi kuswana kwake.
Mbiri yakale
Dziko lakwawo la kukwera maluwa limaonedwa kuti ndi dera lakumwera chakum'maŵa kwa Asia, kotero, mpaka m'zaka za m'ma XYIII ku Ulaya, mitundu ya zomera izi sizinali kudziwika. M'nthaŵi yambiri yopezeka m'mayiko ambiri, apaulendo anatha kuwombera dziko lakumadzulo, ndipo anayamba kutchuka. Zaka mazana awiri zikubwerazi, maluwawa amasiya kusinthasintha, ndipo imayamba kukula pafupifupi kulikonse. 
Mukudziwa? Mmodzi wa maluwa oyambirira akukwera ku Ulaya chifukwa cha Ambassador wochokera ku UK, Lord McCartney, mu 1793.Kuphuka kwa maluwa kunayamba kutchuka kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma 2000, panthawi imodzimodziyo Rosarium Utersen. Chomeracho chinali chifukwa cha ma-inter-branch osankhidwa omwe amakonda kwambiri kukongoletsa maluwa. Ntchito yochotsa maluwayo inachitika kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa cha khama la banja la Cordes ku Germany. Anawona kuwala kwachilendo mu 1977.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
"Rosterium Utersen" amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo. Iyi ndi nthambi ya nthambi, yaikulu-flowered, pafupifupi mamita atatu pamwamba. Machenga ake ndi masentimita 10, masentimita 10-12, amagawidwa m'magulu anayi a yunifolomu, kawirikawiri malingaliro akuphatikizana ndi kale la terry maluwa. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chiwindi, chiwerengero chawo mu maluwa amodzi chimatha kufika zidutswa 100. Maluwa akhoza kuikidwa pa chomera chokha kapena kusonkhanitsa m'magulu a zidutswa 5-6.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire bwino maluwa okwera.Pamene zikuwonekera, mcherewo ukhoza kumira dzuwa, koma izi sizimakhudza mtengo wawo wokongoletsera, koma, mosiyana, zimathandiza kutsindika kuunika ndi kukongola kwa anyamata. Pakati pa maluwa osiyanasiyana mumapanga fungo losasangalatsa, momwe mungathe kuwona zolemba za apulo.
Mukudziwa? Masiku ano kukwera maluwa kumapangidwe mndandanda wa zomera zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wowongoka. Ndipo izi siziri chabe. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ma rosa amaonedwa kuti ndi okongola kwambiri pakati pa zomera zonse.Masamba amakula pammera kwambiri, amakhala ndi chobiriwira chobiriwira komanso chowala. Kuwombera kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri imakhala yolunjika, yamphamvu, popanda vuto lililonse kuthetsa maluwa angapo. Tchire mu duwa ndizitali kwambiri, mu chomera chachikulu chingathe kufika pafupifupi mamita 1.5. Rosterium Yuthersen imamasula maluwa kumayambiriro kwa June, ndipo chimake cha maluwa chikupezeka mu theka lachiwiri la July.
Maluwa nthawi zonse ndi zambiri, zimatha ndi yoyamba yophukira yozizira kumayambiriro kwa September. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta zachilengedwe, ndipo imakhala yotheka ngakhale mvula yamkuntho kapena mvula yambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito popanga malo
Kukwera maluwa kwa lero ndizopangidwe zojambulajambula. Zaka 100 zapitazo, duwa ili likugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakongoletsera zinthu zowongoka. Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yonse ya ming'alu yamaluwa, yosangalatsa diso nthawi yonse yotentha. Pachifukwa ichi, makonzedwe apadera akukumangidwanso, omwe patapita zaka zochepa maluwawo amatha kukwaniritsa kwathunthu.
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti pali chidziwitso chovomerezeka, palibenso kagulu kamene kakukwera maluwa. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti, malingana ndi botany zamakono, "kupukuta" ndi mbali chabe ya mphukira.Maluwa amenewa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri kuti azikongoletsa nyumba zina. Kungakhale khoma lamatala opanda moyo la nyumba ya munda, gazebo kapena veranda. Apa chomeracho chimabzalidwa pambali pazitsulo kapena zida zina zomwe zingathandize kukhala wodalirika komanso wodalirika. Kawirikawiri "Rosterium Utersen" ingapezeke pamtunda wamaluwa.
Maluwa muzaka zingapo chabe amatha kutseka kwathunthu mawonekedwe a zomangamanga, kupereka mitundu yowala ku mpanda wofiira. N'zotheka kupanga mpanda wochokera ku rosi ngati imeneyi, koma pazimenezi muyenera kupanga chikhazikitso champhamvu chothandizira kuthengo.Zosamalira
Monga mitundu ina yamaluwa, "Rosary Yuthersen" imakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera komanso malo abwino okonzekera, koma pokhapokha mutha kulandira chomera chopatsa thanzi. Chotsatira, tidzakambirana ndi izi mwatsatanetsatane ndikupeza momwe tingakhalire malo abwino kwambiri pakupezeka kwa maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Mu munda wanu wamaluwa mukhoza kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa - Floribunda, Canada, tiyi, Chingerezi, chitsamba, makwinya ndi chivundikiro cha pansi.
Zotsatira zofika
Kukonzekera kubzala kudzachitika mu masabata angapo, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kulimbikitsa nthaka ndi peat ndi mandimu, humus ndi kukumba zonse. Ngati palibe chomwe chili pamwambapa, nthaka ikhoza kumera pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa phulusa ndi chiwerengero cha 0,5 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi. N'zotheka kuti nthaka ikhale yothira madzi ndi ndowe (1: 2). Mu chidebe chimodzi cha madziwa chiyenera kusungunuka mapiritsi 3 a phosphorous bacterium. Ngati muli ndi nthaka yochuluka kwambiri, ndiye kuti chithunzichi chikhoza kukhala bwino mwa kuwonjezera ufa wa dolomite kunthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Musanadzalemo duwa, malowa ayenera kutsukidwa bwino kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi namsongole, mwinamwake zingasokoneze chitukuko ndi kukula kwa duwa.Musanadzalemo, chomeracho chiyenera kudulidwa, kutalika kwa mizu yake ndi mphukira ziyenera kukhala 20-30 masentimita, izi zidzakuthandizira kukula kwa duwa. Kuti magawowa azichiritsidwa mofulumira komanso kuti asatenge kachilombo ka tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ayenera kumangidwa ndi phula la munda. Kukula kwa dzenje lakutsetseredwa kumayenera kusamalidwa bwino, liyenera kukhala lalikulu 50x50 cm ndi pafupifupi 70 cm chakuya.
Pothirira ngalande, pansi pamakhala ndi miyala yaing'ono, ndikutsanulira dothi ndi humus, pamene kuya kwa fossa kumakhala mkatikati mwa masentimita 30. Maluwa amabzalidwa bwino ndipo amadzala ndi malita 10 a madzi. M'madera ozizira, nthawi yabwino yothetsera ndondomekoyi ndi mapeto a September - theka la mwezi wa Oktoba kapena pakati pa May.Malo ndi kuunikira
Koposa zonse, maluwa amakula m'madera otentha m'munda, amatetezedwa kumpoto ndi kumpoto, koma bedi la maluwa liyenera kukhala lopanda mpweya wabwino. Malowa ayenera kukhala ndi malo otsetsereka, kapena akhale paphiri, izi zidzakupatsani mwayi woteteza chitsamba ku chinyontho chochuluka. Pofuna kupeŵa kuchotsa maluwa, "Rosterium Hutersen" samalangizidwa kufesa pafupi 50-60 masentimita kukhoma ndi maziko aakulu kapena pafupi ndi zomera zina pamtunda wosachepera 50 cm.
Ndikofunikira! "Rosarium Utersen" Sitikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kukula m'madera otsika, a mdima ndi ovuta kwambiri, mumthunzi wa korona wa mtengo, chifukwa izi zimawonetsa kukula kwa mbewu.
Kutentha
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa "Rosarium Yutersen" imakonda nyengo yozizira kapena yozizira yomwe ili ndi masiku okwanira okwanira, koma pakakhala izi zingatheke kukula maluwa ambiri. Koma ngakhale izi, zinyama zikhoza kukula ndikukula bwino mu gawo lachisanu la chisanu chokaniza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti duwa limatha kulimbana ndi chisanu pafupi -30 ° С. 
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, munda wamundawu sungakonde chinyezi, choncho kuthirira kumakhala kofatsa. Anthu ambiri odziwa bwino florists amalangiza kuti azichita mwatsatanetsatane oposa 2 pa mwezi. Mlingo wamadzi wokhala ndi msinkhu wamkulu amakhala pafupifupi 10 malita pa madzi okwanira. Koma kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, duwa imafuna nthawi zambiri madzi, zomera zimathiriridwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Dzuŵa lachangu liyenera kusamalira chinyezi, chifukwa, ngati kuli kofunikira, chitsime chimakumba pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse ndipo chimaperekedwa ndi malita 20 a madzi.
Njira zopanda feteleza ndi yisiti, nettle, ndi ammonia zamadzimadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabanja.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Nthaka yabwino ya chomera ichi idzakhala nthaka yonyowa, yonyowa bwino, ndichitidwe cha asidi m'munsi mwa 5.6-7.3. Ndichifukwa chake kuyang'anira chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chapadera. Kutalika kwa dothi la humus sedimentary sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa masentimita 30, ndipo kuya kwa madzi pansi sikuyenera kupitirira mamita 1.5 Monga gawo loyamba, chitsime chiyenera kudzazidwa ndi manyowa, masamba, mchenga ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 2: 2: 1 . M'nyengo yotentha, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa nthawi pafupifupi 5-8 masentimita. 
Panthawi yonse yokula, zomera zimadyetsedwa kangapo:
- kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May - mothandizidwa ndi yankho la urea (30 g wa ufa pa malita 10 a madzi);
- Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May - feteleza wothirira mchere;
- kumayambiriro kwa masamba - phosphorous feteleza wa zomera;
- mu gawo loyamba la July - ndi yankho la mullein;
- kumayambiriro kwa September - phosphorus-potaziyamu feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizi a wopanga, popeza kuti feteleza mopitirira muyeso ingasokoneze kukula ndi maluwa a duwa.
Kuswana
Chomeracho chimafalitsa m'njira ziwiri - kudula ndi rooting cuttings. Zonsezi zimagwira ntchito mofanana, koma zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi njira zowononga. Talingalirani iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Cuttings
Cuttings amadulidwa kokha ku chomera chotayika. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito mphukira yosankhidwa pakati pa chitsamba. Kutalika kwa kudula sikuyenera kukhala osachepera 30 masentimita, pomwe iyenera kukhala osachepera 4 masamba abwino. The cuttings abzalidwa mu mphika ndi gawo labwino la feteleza. Panthawi yamasulidwe ndi kuthirira nthawi yamasika tidzakula mbande zabwino kuti tibzala m'malo osatha. 
Rooting cuttings
Rooting cuttings anachita kumayambiriro kasupe. Mphukira yosankhidwa mosamala imaponyedwa pansi ndipo m'mphepete mwawo imatsitsidwa, ndipo kenako imaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pamodzi ndi chomera chachikulu, zigawozo zimathiridwanso komanso kudyetsedwa. Nyengo yotsatira ikhoza kuikidwa. Pochita izi, pamtunda wa masentimita 20-30 kuchokera pansi, mphukira imadulidwa ndikubzala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapamwambayi.
Onani mitundu yambiri yokwera maluwa monga Pink Intuition, New Dawn, Pierre de Ronsard, Cordes, Abraham Derby, Blue Perfume ndi Machimo Thomas.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Njira yayikulu yotetezera zomera izi ndizokhalitsa mankhwala a chitsamba ndi fungicides nthawi yonse yokula. Mu April, pamaso pa maonekedwe a buds, 0,4% yothetsera cuprum oxychloride ikuchitika ndi zonse kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a shrub lonse. Panthawi ya zomera zogwira ntchito, amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zowononga kwambiri, izi zimakhala zothetsera sopo kapena zofanana.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu pa ntchito zawo kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi. Zambiri mwa zochitika za Homer, kuyambira zaka 1000 mpaka 800 BC. Eya, limafotokoza njira yopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi sulfure polimbana ndi zowola, dzimbiri ndi ziphuphu.Kupopera maluwawo ndi 1% kuyimitsidwa kwa sulfure, yomwe imakhala ndi gawo lothandizira zamoyo, zimakhala zothandiza. Kuti mutetezedwe ka bakiteriya wowonjezereka, tikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera phulusa phulusa kawiri pa nyengo, nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, ndi kuwerengera kwa 100 mg pa 1 mita imodzi. Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa September, chitsambachi chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira ya 3% ya ferrous sulphate.
Kudulira
Pakati pa zomera zogwira ntchito, mitundu ya "Rosary Yuthersen" imatha kuonjezera kutalika kwa mphukira zake mpaka mamita 3, kotero chomerachi chikufunikira kudulira. Mwachikhalidwe, njirayi imayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, nthawi yomwe maluwa amasulidwa ku frosted ndi ofooka mphukira. Nthawi yachiwiri maluwawo amadulidwa pakati pa chilimwe kuchotsa kutalika kwake. Kudulira kukongoletsera kumachitika monga kofunikira pa nkhani yopatsa chitsamba mawonekedwe ovomerezeka kwambiri. 
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera kwa maluwa kwa dzinja kumayambiriro kumayambiriro kwa September. Panthawi imeneyi, chomera chimachotsa masamba onse osasunthika, kuphatikizapo mphukira yachinyamata, yakale komanso yoonongeka. Mphukira yaikulu imachepetsedwa ndi 10-15 masentimita ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri. Asanayambe chisanu, duwa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi mochuluka kuti lisamawonongeke. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamatabwa, matabwa, ndi zina. Ngati chimfine chimachitika, chitsamba chimadzazidwa ndi nthambi iliyonse, nthambi za spruce kapena utuchi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pansi pa chitsamba chimadzazidwa ndi dothi kapena kusakaniza dothi ndi peat.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa mphukira ndi nthaka ziyenera kusungidwa pang'onopang'ono, mwinamwake rozi idzaphuka ndi kuphulika, zomwe zidzatsogolera ku imfa yake.
Mavuto akukula
Vuto lalikulu limene oyamba ndi odziwa bwino ntchito angathe kulimbana nawo pamene akukula Rosterium Yuthersen kukwera mmwamba ndi:
- kuchedwa kwa chitukuko cha zomera: ndondomeko iyi ikhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwakukulu posankha malo okuma (dothi lolakwika, kuchepa kwa dzuwa, kutentha madzi, etc.);
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: njirayi imayambira chifukwa cha kusowa kwazitsamba kazitsamba panthawi yamadzi ochulukirapo;
- kuchepetsa ntchito ya maluwa: chodabwitsa chikudalira kwambiri feteleza, kotero chomera chiyenera kudyetsedwa pa nyengo yowonjezera yogwira ntchito;
- Zosakaniza zochepa: cuttings kapena cuttings ayenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo pamwamba pawo pamayenera kukhala osachepera 3-4 masamba owoneka bwino.
Mitundu yokwera yamaluwa "Rosary Yuthersen" - iyi ndi yokongola komanso yapadera. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kulima malo opanda moyo, kuzipatsa kuwala ndi kudabwa ndi fungo. Komabe, kuti chitsamba chanu chibweretsere chimwemwe chokha kwa nthawi yaitali, duwa limafuna chisamaliro mosamala ndi tsiku ndi tsiku mu miyezi yoyamba ya nyengo yokula. Pokhapokha tikhoza kuyembekezera maluwa olemera ndi aatali nthawi ya chitsamba.
