Kusamalira fittonia chomera chokongoletsera kunyumba

Fittonia ndi chomera chodabwitsa kwambiri chomera chomwe chimatha kuwonetsedwa pazitseko zotsekedwa kapena pawindo la maofesi, nyumba zapakhomo ndi nyumba. Maluwa amenewa adziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mitsempha yokongola ndi yachilendo pamasamba, mosiyana ndi pamwamba pawo. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za maonekedwe a fittonia ndikusamalira.

Kufotokozera

Fittonia ndi membala wa banja la Acanta, momwe muli mitundu khumi ya zomera. Kusakaniza kwa Fittonia si mtundu wosiyana wa maluwa okongoletsera, koma mtundu wa "assorted" ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kusakaniza kumapangidwa ndi cholinga chokongoletsera kuti chipinda chipange kukongola kwapadera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya maluwa imatha kulengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu 3, 4, 5 kapena iwiri ya fittonium. Popeza zomera izi zimagwirizana, chisamaliro chawo chiri chimodzimodzi, ndipo amatha kukula popanda vuto limodzi laling'ono la nthaka.

Mukudziwa? Zomera zokongoletsera zinazitcha mayina awo kulemekeza alongo awiri a Chingerezi - Elizabeth ndi Sary-Maria Fitton, omwe analemba buku loyamba la botany, lomwe linakhala loyamba.

Kumtchire, maluwa osakongola ameneŵa amapezeka m'nkhalango zam'mwera ku South America. Fittonia - zomera zosamalidwa bwino zam'mimba ndi nthambi ndipo zimakhala ndi masentimita 10 mu msinkhu. Mzuwu uli wongopeka, mphukira imakhala ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi (akhoza kutenga mizu m'malo opanda mavuto).

Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ophimba ndipo amawoneka pa petioles, omwe amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 10. Chipinda chosambira pamasamba chilibe. Zimakhala zosavuta komanso zimakhala zowala zosiyana, zosiyana kwambiri ndi pamwamba.

Nyumba yanu idzakhala yokongoletsedwa ndi zipangizo zamkati monga geranium, anthurium, zephyranthes, bevyevye, coral, spathiphyllum, nematantus, radermahera, nematanthus, kufeya, crossander, adenium, alokaziya, guzmania, gloriosa, admeum, alokaziya, adzium, alokaziya, guzmaniya, gloriosa, astraosa ndi vriezii.

Maluwa a chomera sichiyimira mtengo wokongoletsera. Amasonkhanitsidwa pang'onoting'ono kakang'ono, opangidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira.

Chisamaliro

Ngati mukufuna fittonia kusakanikirana kuti mukondwere nawe ndi kukongola kwake ndi zokongola, muyenera kusamalira bwino.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zoyang'anira chisamaliro cha South America kukongola:

1. Kutentha kwamtundu. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, chipinda chimene maluwa alimo chiyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 24-27 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala kosiyana 18 mpaka 20 ° C.

   M'nyengo yozizira, sikutheka kuteteza kutentha kwakutentha, monga chomera chodabwitsa chingadwale. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi kusungunuka kosalekeza kudzachititsa masambawo kugwa. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti fittonia ndi maluwa amkati. Zimasinthira ku microclimate, kotero zomera siziyamikiridwa kuti zichoke mumsewu, ngakhale m'chilimwe.

2. Kuunikira Maluwa a ku South America amakonda kukonza bwino. Miphika ya zomera imayikidwa bwino pazenera za kumadzulo kapena kummawa.

   Ngati mwasankha kuyika fittonia kusakaniza kumbali ya kumwera, ndi bwino kusinthitsa mphika mkati mwa chipinda kuti dzuwa lisalowe pamasamba nthawi zonse (mwinamwake kukongoletsa kumatha kuchepa kwambiri). M'nyengo yozizira, kuwala kwa usana sikukwanira fittonia, kotero muyenera kugula nyali yapadera ya fulorosenti.

3. Kuthirira Nthaka mu mphika wa maluwa ikhale nthawizonse yonyowa, mwinamwake chomera chidzayamba kutsanulira masamba ake. Koma ngati ulimi wothirira umachitika kawirikawiri, njira zowonongeka mu mizu zingayambe. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuthira fittonia mwamsanga pokhapokha mphepo yamkuntho itatha. M'nyengo yozizira, mumayenera kuthira masiku angapo mutatha pamwamba. Madzi kusakaniza fittonium m'chilimwe ayenera kukhala 3-4 nthawi pa sabata (zizindikiro zosonyeza), m'nyengo yozizira - 2-3 nthawi zochepa.
4. Chinyezi ndi kupopera mbewu. Kutaya masamba a zokongoletsera ayenera kukhala tsiku ndi tsiku, monga fittons mu malo achilengedwe amadziwika ndi mkulu chinyezi. Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika kamodzi pa tsiku, ndipo makamaka kawiri m'mawa ndi madzulo.

   Kuti muchepetse mtengo wa nthawi, mutha kugula malo apadera omwe amapanga fumbi lopanga.

5. Dothi lokongola la duwa. Chomera chachitsulo chokhala chodabwitsa chiyenera kukhala chomasuka komanso cholemera mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothandiza. Ndibwino kuti dothi likhale lolimba, losakaniza peat ndi mchenga. Kuphatikiza kwa Fitton mix ingagulidwe pa sitolo yapadera kapena ichite nokha.
6. Kupaka zovala ndi feteleza. Kuvala mazira kumatha kugula m'minda ndi zokongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri kudya fittonia sikuyenera kukhala, chifukwa izi zingawononge thanzi lawo. Kawirikawiri, wopanga amalongosola mlingo wa fetereza pa phukusi. Ndibwino kuchepetsa mlingo woyenera ndi theka. M'nyengo yozizira, mumafunika kuvala mobwerezabwereza kamodzi pa mwezi, pa chaka chonse - 2 pa mwezi. M'pofunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamadzimadzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa masamba. Amadyetsa maluwa ndi zakudya komanso amateteza ku tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizirombo.
7. Mbewu. Kukula kochepetsetsa kwa fittonii kunkachitika mu March muzigawo zingapo. Ndikofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono tisiye masamba angapo, chifukwa cha ichi kukula kwa chitukuko chidzakula. Kuonjezerapo, mphukira zimafunika kutsitsa, chifukwa m'kupita kwa nthawi gawo lochepa la mbewu limakhala losabala. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kudulira mu magawo atatu pa nthawi ya mlungu ndi mlungu kuti musapangitse fittonia kusakanikirana koopsa.

Musaiwale kuti kusakaniza kwa fittonia sikuyenera kukhala pawindo pawindo lotseguka, pafupi ndi otentha kwambiri kapena mu chipinda chokhala ndi zida zazikulu. Kachilomboka kamene kamakhudza South America kukongola, ndipo pamapeto pake akhoza kusiya masamba.

Ndikofunikira! Fittonia yothirira madzi ambiri pamodzi ndi zida zamphamvu (m'nyengo yozizira) zingayambitse maluwa.

Kusamba ndi kubereka

Kusakaniza kwa Fittonia kumakula mofulumira komanso mofulumira, choncho kumafunika kusintha komwe kumachitika chaka ndi chaka. Kuwombera bwino kumachitika bwino mu March kapena April. Ngati chomera chiri ndi zaka zoposa zisanu, ndiye kuti chiyenera kubzalidwa nthawi 1 m'zaka zitatu.

Nthaka ya zomera zowonjezereka ziyenera kukhala ndi humus, mchenga wa mtsinje ndi peat muyeso ya 1: 1: 3. Pansi pa mphika ndikofunikira kumanga ngalande ya dothi lowonjezera kapena njerwa zosweka. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera mitsuko yamadzi, yomwe imakhala ndi chinyezi chabwino kwambiri m'nthaka.

Nthawi yomweyo mutagula, chomeracho sichiyenera kubzala. Amafunika nthawi kuti asinthe.

Pali mitundu itatu yambiri yopangira fittonia:

1. Kubalana ndi magawano. Pa nthawi yopatsa ntchito, chitsamba chingagawidwe m'magulu angapo ndikubzala m'miphika yambiri. Iyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti isawononge mizu. Ngati muli ndi mitundu yambiri ya fitton yomwe imakula mumagulu osiyana, mukhoza kuwasiyanitsa imodzi ndi imodzi ndikuyiika mu mphika umodzi. Kotero inu mumapeza kukongola ndi kukongoletsa kusakaniza.
2. Kubalana ndi cuttings. Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa zomera ndi cuttings, ndiye izi ndi bwino kuchitidwa mu February ndi March. Kuti muchite izi, patukani kudula ndi masamba atatu kapena asanu ndikuyika mchenga. Kumbukirani kuti phokoso lokhazikika la phesi, kutalika kwake lisapitirire 8 masentimita. Ikani phesi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi mtsuko kwa mwezi umodzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kuchotsa mtsukowo, kenako madzi ndi kupopera kudula. Mbali yopatulidwa ya mbeuyo ingathenso kufalikira m'madzi, yomwe ili yosanjikiza isadutse 1 cm.

   Mitengo yachitsulo imafalikizidwanso ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi orchid, crossander, ficus, dracaena, azalea, petunia, dieffenbachia ndi mfumu geranium.

   Kutentha mu chipinda nthawi yobereka fittonium ayenera kukhala pa mlingo wa 26-27 ° С. Pamene phesi lili ndi mizu yolimba, ikhoza kuikidwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa.

3. Kubalanso poyika. Poyambirira tinanena kuti mphukira ikhoza kukhala mizu mu mfundozi. Ndi njira imeneyi yomwe fittonia imakonda kubzala kuthengo. M'zinthu zam'chipindamo, zimatha kudzichulukitsanso palokha, koma ndi bwino kumuthandiza ndi izi. Dulani maluwa opanda masamba kuchokera masamba, ndipo dikirani kuti ikhale mizu. Pambuyo pake, tcherani mosamala mbali zochokera kwa amai ndikumaika mu mphika watsopano.

Mukudziwa? Bioenergy akuganiza zimenezo mwa kuika mu chipinda muli mphika ndi fittonia kusakaniza, mukhoza kuchotsa zolinga zoipa ndi kukwiya.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Akudwala chomerachi kawirikawiri. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kapena kupambana kwa majeremusi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a fittonia ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mealybugs, thrips, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha maonekedwe a tizilombo ndi kukhalapo kwa mawanga wakuda pamasamba. Polimbana ndi zovuta, munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a "Aktellik". Nkhumba zimatha kuoneka mu chipinda chouma kwambiri.

Ngati mumanyalanyaza chinyezi ndikuiwala za kupopera mbewu maluwa, ndiye Chongani chingathe kuvulaza. Mbali yeniyeni ya tizilombo ichi ndi kukhalapo kwa kangaude pazitsamba ndi masamba. Polimbana ndi ilo lidzathandiza tizilombo "Derris" kapena "Fitoverm."

Ngati chomeracho chikagwidwa ndi thrips, ndiye masamba ake adzawoneka ngati achikasu kapena malo opanda mtundu - zizindikiro za malo omwe tizilombo timadyetsa maluwa. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi karbofos, Vertimek kapena Intavira. Matenda a Mealybugs kapena chakudya cha nyerere pazitsamba za mphukira ndipo amaletsa kwambiri mbewuyo kukula. Chizindikiro choyamba cha majeremusi amenewa ndi vatoobrazny yokutidwa ndi sera pa mphukira. N'zotheka kuthana ndi mealybugs mothandizidwa ndi "Biotlin" kapena "Mospilan".

Kuwonjezera pa tizirombo, chomeracho chikhoza kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera kapena nyengo yolakwika ya mkati. Zizindikiro zowoneka bwino ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda:

1. Ngati chomeracho chimakhala chaukhondo kapena chachikasu, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha madzi okwanira kwambiri ndi okwanira.
2. Masamba akhoza kuphulika chifukwa cha kuwala kowala komanso kosatha. Komanso, izi zimakhudzanso kutsika kwa mpweya.
3. Ngati zimayambira zowamba, ndiye kuti chomera chimafunika kubwezeretsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, munthu sayenera kuchita mantha, chifukwa njira imeneyi ndi yachilengedwe.
4. Masamba akhoza kutaya mtundu wawo chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa dzuwa kapena kuunikira kwapangidwe, koma kusowa kwa kuwala kungachititsenso kusokonekera.

5. Nsonga za fittonii zikhoza kukhala zofiira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa fetereza m'nthaka.

Ndikofunikira! FZingakhale zopindulitsa ngati muika chidebe ndi madzi kapena chidziwitso cha mpweya pafupi nawo.

Tsopano mukudziwa momwe fittonia imasakanizira, momwe mungasamalire kunyumba ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Lembani maluwa awa ndikuwapatse achibale ndi abwenzi, chifukwa zingabweretseretu zachilengedwe ndi madera a South America ku nyumba iliyonse.