Kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa ng'ombe tsiku ndi tsiku kumathandiza kuti chitetezo champhamvu chikhale cholimba, kugona kwabwino, khungu lokongola, kukula bwino kwa minofu ndi kusakhala kovuta kwa ntchito za ziwalo za mtima. Komanso, mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa ndi madokotala monga mankhwala okhudzana ndi khansa. Choncho, muyenera kuyendayenda bwino pazimenezi. Zomwe akutanthauza, momwe amasiyanirana, ndi omwe akufunira - tiyeni timvetse pamodzi.
Mkaka wachilengedwe
Kwa ambiri, mankhwalawa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi maholide a chilimwe kumidzi. Ndipo chifukwa chabwino. Chifukwa n'zosatheka kupeza zipangizo zoterezi mumapiri akulira ndi mizinda yaying'ono. Ndipo zolembera zowala kwambiri "Zachilengedwe" zomwe zimapezeka pamatumbawa ndizo malonda chabe.
Mukudziwa? Mkaka wa khola unawonekera mu zakudya za anthu zaka zoposa 10,000 zapitazo, pamene nyama zinkapangidwira. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti pachiyambi ana okha amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, popeza zamoyo zawo zinabala lactose. Puloteni imeneyi inachititsa kuti madziwo aswe. M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chibadwa, khalidweli linapezanso mwa anthu akuluakulu a kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Masiku ano, makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa lactose, anthu a ku Africa, Australia, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, ndi Japan akutsutsa mwatsatanetsatane mankhwalawa.
Koma ngakhale mkaka wopangidwa ndi kunyumba womwe umangolandira kumene kuchokera kwa ng'ombe umawongolera mofanana ndi nyengo, ubwino wa chakudya, thanzi ndi maganizo a nyamayo. Ndicho chifukwa alimi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala m'mizere. Kufikira izi, zamkati zimaphatikizapo zokhazikika zolemba zamakono. 
Zatsopano zachilengedwe zimadziwika ndi mafuta okwera kwambiri ndi kuchulukitsitsa, kuyerekezera mabakiteriya a lactic acid, komanso moyo wamfupi wa alumali.
Izi zimachitika:
- paired - ndiwopangidwa ndi nsalu zatsopano zomwe sizinapangidwe ndi kutentha komanso zimatentha kutentha kwa nyama;
- Zonsezi - sizidapangidwenso kusintha ndi malamulo.
Zachilengedwe nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi chiyambi chake ndi mafuta okhutira. Ndi ma vitamini A, ma B, D, E, K, komanso calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorous, iron, manganese, copper, selenium, zinki.
Chigawo chachikulu cha mkaka ndi calcium. Ngati simukudya mkaka, kugwiritsa ntchito sipinachi, broccoli, mbewu za sitsam, watercress, parsley, katsabola, basil, kabichi woyera, ndi kabichi ya savoy zidzakuthandizira kusunga chigawo ichi mu thupi pamlingo woyenera.Koma khalidwe lake ndilo kuthetsa theka la mchere wofunika kwambiri kwa munthu mkati mwa theka la ola pambuyo pa zokolola za mkaka. Chogulitsidwacho chimaonedwa kuti n'chochepa kwambiri, kotero, chikuwonetsedwa mu zakudya. Ndifunikanso kuti kukula kwa zamoyo zowonongeka, kupanga mano ndi mafupa.
Mukudziwa? Mkaka watsopano pakagwa mkuntho umakhala wowawa mofulumira kwambiri. Makolo athu amanena kuti izi ndi zabodza, komanso akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo - chifukwa cha mafunde aakulu a magetsi. Palibe yemwe angakhoze kufotokoza ndendende mmene makinawa amagwirira ntchito. Koma zakhala zikuyendetsedwa bwino kuti zowonjezera zokha zomwe zidapititsa ultra-pasteurization siziwopa mvula yamkuntho. Ndipo zonse chifukwa zilibe microflora zomwe zingayambe kuyang'ana.
Madokotala ambiri amanena kuti mkaka umapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi maganizo, chifukwa ali ndi ziwalo zomwe zimayambitsa mahomoni achimwemwe.
Chofunikacho chikulimbikitsidwa:
- kusintha kwa masomphenya;
- ntchito yamtima;
- chotsitsa;
- shuga mwamsanga;
- kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ziphuphu ndi matenda otupa mafupa.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungamwe mkaka kuti mutenge mkaka wabwino.Ndicho chifukwa chake mkaka wangwiro kapena watsopano si wotchipa. Koma mu mawonekedwe ake oletsedwa ndiletsedwa kugulitsa. Izi zimagwiridwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda oopsa: khansa ya m'magazi, brucellosis. Choncho, pewani kugula m'misika yamakono ndi agogo aakazi.
Njira zopangira mkaka
Kutentha kwa zipangizo kumathandiza kuti zikhale zothandiza komanso kuzigwiritsa ntchito motsatira matenda. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ng'ombe yodwala, komanso m'manja mwa mwini wake, chakudya, madzi kapena zonyansa, streptococci, staphylococcus, E. coli, chifuwa chachikulu ndi mliri akhoza kulowa mkaka.
Pali njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito. Tiyeni tikambirane zachindunji chawo, chifukwa kusankha kwa matekinoloje kumawonetseratu kwakukulu pa zokonza za mankhwalawa.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusunga mankhwala atsopano nthawi yayitali, muyenera kusunga mbale zosakera zoyera. Ngati palibe nthawi yowonongeka mtsuko, ikani kuthira madzi ndi madzi otentha. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pachivundikirocho. Ndibwino kusungirako mankhwalawo mu dongo, dothi, galasi, chidebe chakumanga ndi khosi lopapatiza.
Kutsekemera
Njira yamakono imapereka chithandizo cha kutentha kwa zipangizo pa kutentha kwa madigiri 115-120 Celsius. Zimakuthandizani kuthetseratu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fungal spores, komanso mavitamini osakanikirana.
Pakhomo, njira yosawiritsa imayendetsedwa mu chidebe ndi madzi. Chidebe chopangidwa ndi zipangizo chimamizidwa mmenemo ndikuphika kwa theka la ora. Kutentha kwake kumakhala kosavuta, mtundu komanso kukoma kwa mankhwalawo kumasintha.
Mudzidziwe nokha ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa phula mkaka.
Pakati pa mafakitale, kusakaniza gawo limodzi kamodzi kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa nthawi imodzi mpaka madigiri 130 ndi obotcha. Okonza ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa ultra-kutentha (mkati mwa madigiri 140) ndi maola awiri.
Chakumwa chokonzekera chikhoza kusungidwa mu firiji osapitirira maola 34 kuchokera panthawi yopakidwa. Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wamachiritso ndikutsekemera kwathunthu ndi kuwonjezera kukana kwa zakumwa kwa mabakiteriya a lactic acid. 
Bzalani mkaka wosakaniza Zipangizo zosawilitsidwa, ngakhale popanda firiji, zikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndikulekerera kayendetsedwe kake.
Ndikofunikira! Sikoyenera kuphika mbale za mkaka ndi kuwiritsa mkaka mu mbale ya enamel. Momwemo mankhwalawa amayaka mofulumira. Kuletsedwa kwakukulu kumene kunagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamatini..
Kudyetsa
Tikukamba za chithandizo cha kutentha pa kutentha pansi pa madigiri 100 Celsius. Zimayendetsedwa ndi cholinga choyambitsa mavitamini ndi ma disinfection. Chomaliza chotengeracho chili ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi fungo.
Kupha nyama kumawononga mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso pakakhala zoziziritsira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chinthu choterocho mufiriji sichimawonongeka kwa masiku asanu.
Vuto: kusakaniza mkaka Zina mwazilombo zosagonjetsedwa kwambiri, akatswiri amatchula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti chiwonongeko chawo chiyenera kutenthedwa ndi zopangira 80 mpaka 90.
Palinso kusiyana pakati pa malo abwino kuti chiwonongeko cha michere. Mwachitsanzo, phosphatase imatsekedwa pa 73 ° C, mbadwa ya lipase pa 75 ° C, ndi bakiteriya lipase pa 90 ° C.
Mu mafakitale, mitundu iyi ya kuperekera zakudya ndi yotchuka:
- kutentha kwakukulu - kumafuna 76 ° C yekha;
- kutentha kwakukulu - kutulutsa kutentha kwa 77-100 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Chilengedwe cha mankhwalawa ndi kosavuta kufufuza kuti kuyera. Ngati zowonjezerazi zimapangidwanso ndi mankhwala, zimakhala zosavomerezeka kwambiri ndi mkaka wokapaka mkaka. Kuchokera pamenepo, yogurt sichigwira ntchito. Kuti muwone, onjezerani supuni 1 ya kirimu wowawasa ku mkaka wa mkaka. Chida chowawacho chidzawona zachilengedwe.
Ultrapasteurization
Akatswiri amatcha mtundu uwu wa mankhwala a UHT. Amapangidwa kutentha kwa madigiri 145 Celsius ndipo amafuna kukhala wodetsedwa. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika muchitsekedwa chatsekedwa ndipo imapereka maola angapo owonetsera.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za ultrapasteurization. Yoyamba ndi kuyankhulana ndi zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi moto mpaka madigiri 135-145. Yachiŵiri imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji kusakaniza mkaka wosabala ndi mkaka wosakanizidwa. Izi zimachitidwa mkhalidwe wofanana wotentha.
Mukudziwa? Pamsika wa mdziko lonse, utsogoleri wa mkaka waperekedwa kwa United States of America..
Kutentha
Amapereka kutentha kwa zipangizozo kutentha kwa 85 ° C, kenaka ndikuwonekera kwa mphindi 30. Sayansi ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya Kutenthetsera kutentha kwa 105 ° C ndikuwonetsetsa mphindi 15. 
Chophikacho chiri ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa kirimu komanso kukoma kwa nutty. Kukonzekera sikuwononga zamchere phosphatase, komanso sikuwononga causative wothandizira TB.
Mkaka wa khola ukhoza kutengedwanso ndi chomera cha chomera. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku almonds, walnuts, oats, mbewu za dzungu, makoswe.
Thermalization
Zimaphatikizapo kutentha zowonjezera mpaka 60-68 ° C ndi kutuluka kwa theka la ora. Pa nthawi yomweyi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatayika, koma mkaka wa mkaka sumavutika.
Mukudziwa? Makolo athu, kuti ateteze mkaka kuti asawone, anamuponya achule. Kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi, izi zimachokera ku chitukuko cha ntchentche, yomwe imakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso amadzimadzi..Video: mkaka pambuyo pa kutentha kwa kutentha
Kuika mkaka
Kawirikawiri pa malemba a mkaka mungathe kuwona zolembazo: "Mkaka wokhazikika." Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zonse ndipo samapereka mankhwala alionse. Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zosiyanasiyana, momwe zimachitidwira komanso zothandiza bwanji - ganiziraninso.
Mkaka wokhazikika
Chida ichi chimadziwika ndi zamakono zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukonza zigawo za zipangizo. Amatha kuganizira zinthu zowuma ndi mafuta. Zamakono zamakono zamakono zimalowanso kuwonjezera masamu a moyo wa mankhwala opangidwa.
Gawo lirilonse la normalization limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makina enaake. Njirayi ndi yoyamba: Choyamba kirimucho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimapangidwira komanso zowonongeka, ndiye kuti zonona zimachotsedwa, ndipo zina zimasakanizidwa mu chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu yoyenera ya mafuta, ndipo normalizer imasakanikirana ndi zinthu zonse kuti zisawonongeke.
Video: momwe mkaka umayendera Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndizosankha kusankha chizindikiro cha mafuta. Koma akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri, omwe amapereka mankhwala osachepera.
Mkaka wokonzedwanso
Ndicho chipangizo chomwe zigawo zake zazikulu ndi madzi ndi zowuma powdery zinthu. Dziwani kuti mkaka wokonzedwanso nthawi zambiri umayendetsedwa ngati mkaka.
Tikupempha kuti tidziŵe zopindulitsa za mkaka wa kokonati.N'zosatheka kuwonetsa mavuto ake, chifukwa ufa wouma uli ndi maonekedwe omwewo monga mkaka wamadzi. Komabe, zakudya zake zimachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zachilengedwe zowonjezera.
Mkaka wosakaniza
Ndizosasinthasintha za zida zopangidwa ndi mankhwala osakanizidwa ndi mkaka wouma. Izi zachitika kuti musinthe zina zigawo za mankhwala. Ndi makhalidwe ake othandiza otsika kwa mkaka wachilengedwe.
Mkaka wa Recombinant
Kukonzekera kuchokera ku zinthu zowonongeka ndi zigawo zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndi mafuta a mkaka, madzi, mankhwala owuma, kirimu, mkaka wokhazikika. Ndi chithandizo cha zamakono zamakompyuta zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi GOST.
Mukamawona mu sitolo yosungirako zolembedwa kuti "Zachibadwa" ndi "Recombinant", ndibwino kuti mupange choyamba pazoyamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti ambiri opanga mankhwala akukonzekera mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito zotchipa ndipo nthawi zonse sakhala otetezeka m'malo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apamwamba.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti muzindikire nkhani youma mu mkaka wa sitolo, ndikwanira kuyesera. Pakamwa pa munthu wodzitetezera adzaonekera mwamsanga pakamwa pake. Ganizirani kuti mwayi wopeza chilengedwe chamakono ukuwonjezeka kuyambira May mpaka September.
Kodi mkaka wopanda mkaka ndi chiyani?
Lactose ndi imodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri. Zogwirizana ndi magulu a carboxyl ndi hydroxyl, amapanga mankhwala a biologically yogwira ntchito.
Chovala cha Lactose chilibe zigawozi, ndipo zina zonsezi zimakhala zofanana ndi zachirengedwe. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mankhwalawa ndi zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupatukana komwe kumapangidwa ndi shuga ndi galactose.
Chakumwacho chimapindula ndi ubwino wake. Zina mwa zakudya zake zimakhalapo:
- mapuloteni (ndizo zomangamanga, zimakhudza njira zamagetsi);
- calcium (zofunikira kuti munthu azikula bwino, mafupa, fupa, misomali, zimakhudza magazi);
- phosphorus (imalamulira mafupa amphamvu);
- potaziyamu (omwe amachititsa kusintha mchere wa madzi mu thupi la munthu, normalizes miyendo ya mtima);
- Mavitamini D, B12, A, B2, B3 (amachirikiza ntchito yoyenera ya ziwalo).
Video: katundu wa mkaka wopanda lactose
Mkaka wopanda ubweya wa Lactose umasonyezedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la lactose.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutaya mkaka mu galasi ndi madzi, mankhwala onse apamwamba adzasungunuka ndipo pang'onopang'ono adzamira pansi, ndipo adzapukutidwa ndi madzi adzafalikira pamwamba.
Ndi mkaka uti umene umakhala wabwino kwakumwa?
Zopindulitsa kwambiri zimatengedwa ngati zachilengedwe kapena mkaka wonse. Koma ngati sizingatheke kuti muzilumikize mwachindunji pansi pa ng'ombe, muyenera kuyang'ana njira yosungiramo sitolo.
Kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwalawa kumaloledwa kokha pamene mutha kulankhula molimba mtima za thanzi labwino, ukhondo, ukhondo ndi mkaka. Ndipo m'zinthu zina zonse, mkaka wokonzekera umafuna kuwira. Ndipotu, chiopsezo chotenga matenda kangapo chimaposa phindu lake.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa mafakitale kumapereka kusowa kwa zakudya zabwino komanso mkaka wamakono, koma zimatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa amatha. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kutentha kwapakati pa chithandizo cha kutentha, mavitamini ochepetsetsa ndi minerals amakhalabe mu malembawo. 
Kuti musakhale mwini wa chinthu chopanda phindu, perekani zokometsera, pasteurized, komanso chizoloŵezi chokhazikika. Mitundu yosakanikirana ndi yobwereza ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusiyanitsa mkaka weniweni kuchokera ku mkaka, muyenera kuwonjezera dontho la ayodini ku galasi. Mawonekedwe oyambirira adzasanduka achikasu, ndipo woperewera amayang'ana buluu kapena amapeza mithunzi ina yomwe siiliyonse kwa ayodini.
Nutritionist akuchenjeza poyambitsa mkaka kwa anthu omwe amatha kukhumudwa, komanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za kusagwirizana kwa zakudya za mkaka ndi kusowa kwa lactase.
Kuchepetsa kumwa mkaka ndi anthu omwe atha zaka makumi asanu. Izi zimachokera ku mankhwala osakwanira omwe ali ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka, zomwe zingachititse kuti chitukuko cha atherosclerosis chifulumire mwamsanga.
Video: momwe mungasankhire mkaka wamtengo wapatali
Musamwe mkaka wambiri. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa zakumwa umadalira zaka za munthuyo.
Mwachitsanzo:
- mu zaka za zaka 25-35, madokotala amalimbikitsa kumwa mowa pafupifupi magalasi atatu tsiku ndi tsiku;
- ali ndi zaka 35-45, magalasi awiri okha pa tsiku amafunika;
- ndipo kuyambira zaka 45 mpaka 50 zinalimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa 100 g mkaka patsiku.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
