Currant ndi mabulosi okoma onunkhira, omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala ndi chilimwe komanso wamaluwa sangathe kukula. Zipatso za currants zakuda ndi zofiira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya zowonjezera, zouma ndi zowonongeka, ndizochokera kwambiri mavitamini ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza thupi la munthu. Masamba a zomerazi ndi olemera mchere ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tiyi, monga zonunkhira kuti asungidwe. Kukula kwa currants pa chiwembucho ndi kophweka, koma munda wamundawu, monga ena ambiri, amafunikanso kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Tiyeni tione momwe tingamuthandizire pa kugwa.
Chifukwa chiyani chisamaliro chapadera ndi chofunikira
Waukulu chidwi aliyense currant wolima ndi pachaka bwino yokolola lalikulu, chokoma zipatso. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zambiri za fruiting, m'pofunika kusamalira zomera osati kasupe, komanso m'dzinja, chifukwa ntchito zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa pambuyo pa nyengo ya chilimwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Zovuta zowonongeka kwa autumn currant ndizofunika kwambiri poonetsetsa kuti chinyontho chokhala ndi dothi ndi mpweya wokwanira ufike ku mizu, komanso pakukonzanso ndi kukonzanso mbewu, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya currants ndi yakuda, yofiira ndi yoyera, ngakhale kuti imakhala yochulukirapo: pali mitundu ya machungwa, yofiira, yonyezimira ndi yobiriwira.
Zipatso, masamba ndi masamba a wakuda, ofiira ndi oyera a currants amachiritsa katundu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji currants m'nyengo yozizira: malamulo a chisamaliro
M'dzinja, currants amafunika kusamala ndi kuyesetsa m'madera otsatirawa:
- Kudzetsa udzu.
- Kutsegula ndi kuthirira nthaka.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
- Kudulira tchire.
- Sinthani ndikusintha zomera zakale.
- Kukumba ndi kuvala.
- Kuteteza kozizira.
Kuchitira tchire ndi nthaka kuchokera ku matenda a fungal ndi kuwononga tizilombo
Zotsatira za matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kukolola kotsika kwa mbeu, komabe ngakhale kufa kwa chitsamba chonse, kotero kuti wolima munda ayenera kuwonetseredwa makamaka ku thanzi la currants. Kufufuza bwinobwino zomera kumapatsa nthawi kuti adziwe kuti ndiopseza komanso kuti athetsere.
Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi:
- powdery mildew;
- chiwonetsero;
- dzimbiri (stem ndi goblet);
- chithandizo;
- terry
Mame a pa currantsTikukulangizani kuti muphunzire momwe mungagwirire ndi matenda ndi tizirombo ta currants: galasi dzimbiri, powdery mildew, mawanga ofiira pa masamba, chishango, mphukira ya mite.
Choyamba ndi chachikulu pakuzindikira matenda ndiko kuthetsa masamba odwala ndi mphukira, zomwe ziyenera kutenthedwa kuti zisawononge kufalikira kwa matendawa. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chingachiritsidwe ndi fungicides yoyenera (nitraphine solution, bordeaux madzi, ammonium nitrate, koloko phulusa).
Zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimakhazikika mosangalala pa tchire la currant ndi: Matimphungu, mafolosi ndi bokosi la galasi. M'dzinja, kuti azimenyana nawo, nthawi zambiri amatha kuononga kachilombo ka mbeu, kenako akukumba nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Poyamba, currant inali kudziwika kuti "zipatso zamatsenga", zonsezi zinakula pafupifupi pafupifupi nyumba zonse za amonke.
Kudulira tchire
Kudulira mitengo ya currant kumapangitsa kuti apangidwe bwino kuti apeze zokolola zabwino. Zikhoza kutuluka kumayambiriro kwa masika, koma pakali pano pali pangozi yowasowa nthawi yothira mbewu, ndipo pambuyo pa kudulira mitengo, zomera sizidzagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pa kukula kwa nthambi zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'chaka. Kuwonjezera apo, mu kugwa, wamaluwa amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yambiri yopanda kudulira, pang'onopang'ono osasokonezedwa ndi kubzala ntchito.
Phunzirani momwe mungakonzere bwino currants.
Zitsamba zazing'ono zimadulidwa ndi cholinga chokonza chitetezo, ndi akale - pofuna kubwezeretsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira kufunika kwa pruner kapena munda fayilo.
Kodi mukuyenera kudulira:
- nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungal kapena tizirombo;
- nthambi zakale (zaka zitatu kapena zisanu) zofooka zafruiting;
- Akuwombera kumera mkati ndi kukulitsa chomera;
- nthambi zokwawa pansi;
- wosweka ndi ofooka nthambi, kupereka zero mphukira.
Ndikofunikira! Black currants ikhoza kudulidwa pambuyo pa kukolola, ndipo mitundu ina ingathe kudulidwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira nthawi yopuma.Poyambitsa mphukira zazing'ono, nthambi zakale zimadulidwa pafupi ndi nthaka. Magawo a nthambi zowonongeka nthawi zonse ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi munda phula.
Pofuna kuthetsa chitsamba, ndibwino kuti tizitaya zaka zitatu, kuchotsa chaka chimodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthambi. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kudulira, nthambi zinayi zokhala ndi zaka zabwino ndi zitatu zimatsalira, komanso mphukira zisanu ndi ziwiri. Mwa njira iyi idzakhala yopanga chitsamba chabwino cha currant.Nthambi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakula bwino imadulidwa ngati imadutsa 25 cm m'litali, ndipo ndi mitundu yochepa yopanga msana, zokhazokha zomwe sizitsuka ndi zofooka zimadulidwa. Mitengo yofiira ndi yoyera currants imapangidwa mu kapu ya chikho, ndipo kutalika kwa nthambi zawo kungakhale pafupifupi mamita 1.
Mchere wamchere
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, amene amadziwika ndi kukula kukula kwa mphukira, maluwa ndi fruiting, zakudya phindu la nthaka pansi pa tchire ndi kwambiri kuchepetsedwa. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nyengo yokolola idzagwa m'chaka chodzaza, m'pofunika kuti manyowa asamalire.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito currants mu kugwa mutatha kukolola.Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti zomera zikule pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo. Njira yabwino yodyera ndiyo yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kamodzi ndi feteleza.
Podyetsa chitsamba chimodzi mu chidebe cha manyowa wowonjezera kuwonjezera 100-150 g wa superphosphate ndi 30-40 g wa potaziyamu kloride. Kenaka izi zimasakanizidwa mozungulira palimodzi ndikukumba (pang'ono pansi pa chitsamba, ndi kunja kunja korona wake).
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa a nayitrojeni kudyetsa currants m'dzinja sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amachititsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri chisanu kukana mbewu.
Kulimbitsa ndi kuyendetsa
Phindu la nthaka mulching ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa. Mtengo wa mulch umapangitsa kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale ndibwino kwambiri pa chitukuko: kuyamwa kwa zakudya, kuteteza chinyezi ndi kutayika kwa nthaka, kuti mizu ikhale "yopuma."
Pamaso yophukira mulching, nthaka pansi currant tchire ndi pakati pa mizere ayenera kukumba ndi nkhokwe yotengera kuya akuya masentimita 15. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pansi pa chitsamba, nkofunika kuyika fosholo pamphepete mwace ndikukumba osati masentimita 8 kuti musayambe kuwononga mizu. Sikofunikira kuthetsa zigawo za dziko lapansi kuti chinyezi chikhale bwino mochedwa.
Ngati m'dzinja munali youma, ndiye kuti isanayambe kuzizira, m'pofunika kuchita chovomerezeka prewinter ulimi wothirira, chifukwa currants ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Pochita izi, chitsamba chilichonse chimakhala madzi ambiri (kuchokera ku zidebe zamadzi atatu kapena zisanu), kuthira nthaka mozama masentimita 50.
Malo abwino kwambiri a currant pa tsamba lanu.
Pambuyo kukumba ndi kuthirira, nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba ndi mpweya wa masentimita 60 ndi mulat ndi peat kapena chisakanizo cha utuchi ndi galasi la nkhuni phulusa. Mzere wosanjikiza wa mulch kuti ukhale wabwino kwambiri uyenera kukhala wakuda masentimita asanu. 
Mulching ndi utuchi
Kukulunga chitsamba kuchokera ku kuzizira
Mwachizoloŵezi, currant ndi yachisanu-yolimba munda wa mbewu zomwe zingakhoze kulimbana kutentha mpaka -25 ° C popanda kuwonjezera kwina. Izi ndi zoona kwa mitundu ya m'deralo yomwe yasinthidwa kale ndi nyengo ya dera lawo. Mitundu ya ku Ulaya yosabereka sikungalekerere nyengo yozizira ku Siberia ndi kumadera ena akumpoto, kapena kufa. Choncho, m'malo okhala ndi chisanu chozizira, chisamaliro chiyenera kumalipidwa kuti chikulunga tchire.
Malo abwino kwambiri a currants ndi zomera zina ndi chisanu. Kuchokera kumayambiriro oyambirira a chisanu muyenera kuyamba kuponyera chisanu mpaka chitsamba chimadzazidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Komabe, kuti nthambi zisagwedezeke ndi chivundikiro cha chisanu, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti aziziponyera pansi, kuziphimba ndi njerwa kapena matani, kapena kuzimangiriza ndi chingwe, kupereka mawonekedwe. Kumadera komwe nyengo imakhala yozizira koma yosalala, currants ikhoza kukulumikizidwa ndi singano, zipangizo zapadera, zojambula, mabulangete akale, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kukulunga currant baka mu polyethylene ndi zipangizo zina zomwe sizilola mpweya kudutsa.Pambuyo poyamba kasupe kutentha, kuphimba zakuthupi ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti currants akhoza kumasula masamba mu nthawi. Ngati mutayendayenda m'tchire, chilengedwe chomera zomera chikhoza kusokonezeka, chomwe chidzakhudza mbewu.
Malo ogona a singanoChimene simukuyenera kuchita: zolakwika zolemba mapulani a wamaluwa
Currant imaonedwa kuti ndi munda wosasamala komanso pamunda wobiriwira pansi pa nyengo yabwino yomwe imatha kubala chipatso kwa nthawi yayitali, komabe chidwi cha wolima minda chimafunikanso kwa shrub. Tiyeni tione zomwe zolakwa novice wamaluwa zingawononge currants:
- Kuthirira kolakwika. Kawirikawiri wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri amathirira zomera pa masamba pamwamba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kwambiri kuchokera mumtsinje. Kuthira madzi a currants, monga zomera zina, ayenera kukhala pamzu, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okhala ndi kutentha kwake.
- Zovuta kwambiri kumasulazomwe zingawononge mizu.
- Kuvula nthambi m'malo modulira imayambitsa zovuta zina kwa zomera, zomwe zimachepetsa chisanu chotsutsa.
- Zovala zapamwamba ndi manyowa abwino m'nthawi yam'mbuyo imalimbikitsa kukula kwachitsamba cha zomera ndipo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizira. M'dzinja monga feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito manyowa okhaokha.
- Malo osungira oswoven zipangizoosati kupuma.
- Kukonza kosayenera. Kuwonjezera kudulira kokwanira kapena kusakwanira, komanso kusiya odwala ndi ofooka, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa chikhalidwe cha mbewu.
- Kusungirako tchire chakale. Ndili ndi zaka zambiri, tchire zimayamba kubala chipatso chochepa, pomwe kudulira nthawi ndi nthawi kukonzanso nthawi yake kumatha kukhazikitsa zokolola zokhazikika pachaka. Pankhani iyi, currants yakuda amaonedwa kuti ndi achikulire akuluakulu kuposa zaka zitatu, pomwe nthambi zofiira ndi zoyera zimaloledwa kusiya nthambi zisanu ndi chimodzi mu korona.
