Nkhaka ndi masamba othandiza kwambiri omwe amakhudza thupi la munthu. Zomera za ndiwo zamasamba zinkakondana ndi alimi ambiri a ndiwo zamasamba m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Koma nkhaka imakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira zolakwika za matenda osiyanasiyana, kotero zimakhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, komanso kuzindikiritsa nthawi ndi kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa zotsatira za chilengedwe. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha kuwonongeka kwa nkhaka ndizooneka mawanga oyera pa masamba. Izi zimasonyeza kuphwanyidwa kwa thanzi labwino ndipo zimakhala zofunikira zedi ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda.
Mame a Mealy
Mame a nthenda ndi matenda a fungal omwe amasintha maonekedwe a mycelium pamapepala. Chifukwa cha matendawa, mycelium imakwirira pafupifupi tsamba lonse la tsamba ndikupanga mtundu wonyezimira. 
Izi zimangosintha mawonekedwe a masamba, komanso zimayambitsa kuyanika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zovuta zisinthe, choncho chomeracho chimachepetsa. Matenda oterewa angayambitse gawo lalikulu la mbeu, komanso zimakhudzanso nkhaka zambiri m'munda wamtunduwu.
Ndikofunikira! Mkhalidwe wabwino kwambiri wa matendawa ulipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi mkulu wa chinyezi, kutentha kwa 17+ +21 ° C, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri feteleza a nayitrogeni.
Pofuna kupewa matendawa, pali njira zingapo zodziwika:
- kusinthasintha kwa nyengo nthawi zonse, zomwe zingalepheretse kuwonjezereka kovuta kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka;
- kuyeretsa zida zakufa kuchokera kumalo olima, chifukwa ndizoti bowa limakhala bwino m'nyengo yozizira;
- mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda atatha kukolola;
- Kukhala ndi boma labwino la kutentha pamwamba +20 ° C, komanso kutetezedwa ku madontho kudzera mwa njira yapadera (mwachitsanzo, filimu ya pulasitiki);
- Kuonetsetsa kuti ulimi wothirira ndi madzi ofunda kwambiri;
- Kukonzekera kwa mbewu za masamba ndi kukonzekera kwapadera monga "Kvadris";
- kutsatira malamulo pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza feteleza (ngati kotheka mutenge m'malo mwa potashi kapena phosphate).
Ngati mawonetseredwe oyamba a matenda ali pamasamba, m'pofunika kuti muyambe kuchita zowonjezereka komanso mwamsanga.
Werengani komanso kumenyana ndi powdery mildew ndi downy mildew pa nkhaka.
Pali njira zambiri zothandizira powdery mildew:
- kupopera mbewuzo ndi chisakanizo cha mkaka wokometsetsa kapena kusunga madzi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupatula matendawa ndi kuteteza kufalikira kwake. Solicate silicate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga choloweza mmalo;
- Mphaka wabwino wa bowa ndi mabakiteriya a lactic acid, omwe, chifukwa cha mbewu za masamba, amachotsa matenda a fungal. Choncho, mukhoza kusamalira masamba ndi kefir (ikhoza kutha), mkaka wowawasa kapena yogurt;
- Mukhoza kutsanulira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chidebe cha manyowa ndi madzi ozizira ndikuyika pambali kwa masiku atatu. Kenaka, muyenera kupatulira madzi ndi kuchepetsa madzi (1:10 chiŵerengero). Fulumira mbewuyo ndi zotsatira zake. Komanso kulowetsedwa kwa nettle ndi mapulogalamu opangira masamba sikungakhalenso ogwira ntchito;
- Njira yabwino yochizira zomera nthawi yomweyo matendawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito "EDC", "Tiovit Jet". Pambuyo pake, "CE", "Hom" kapena "Topaz" amaonedwa kuti ndi ogwira mtima kwambiri;
- Mabedi otseguka amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira 20% ya sulfure ya colloidal, ndipo pazitsekedwa zotseguka ndi 40% yothetsera;
- Sopo losakaniza ndi soda muyezo wofanana ndi kulemera kudzathandiza kuchotsa powdery mildew ndi kukonzanso nthawi zonse masiku asanu ndi limodzi (5-6);
- Njira yothetsera matendawa ndikutengekanso namsongole. Amayenera kudulidwa bwino, kuwonjezera madzi, kupereka malo oti azikhala masiku angapo, kenako madziwo amatha kukonza nkhaka.
Olima munda omwe safuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pa malo awo akhoza kuyesa zomera ndi mankhwala ochiritsira ndi mankhwala okonzekera.
Video: mankhwala ochizira a powdery mildew
Kangaude mite
Nkhumba za kangaude sizimapweteka anthu, koma ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa nkhaka, chifukwa zimangowonongeka ndi mtundu wa photosynthesis, koma zimachepetsanso kwambiri chitetezo chachitsulo chakumbana ndi matenda ena. Nkhuni zodzala zokolola zimayamba kuuma ndi kuwonongeka. Komanso, chinthu choyipa chikhoza kuchititsa spores ya nkhungu yakuda, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri pansi pa nkhaka (masamba, masamba ndi masamba).
Phunzirani zambiri za nthata zamagulu: mitundu ya kangaude, njira yabwino yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, momwe tingatulutsire akangaude pa nkhaka.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakula kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za kutentha komanso nyengo youma. Ndizosatheka kutetezera kwathunthu zomera ku matendawa, chifukwa spores mosavuta kunyamula ndi mphepo. Chisankho choyenera chikanakhala kuchita zonse zoteteza agrotechnical njira zothandizira. 
Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mbeu ndi matendawa:
- mawanga oyera kumbuyo kwa masamba;
- enieni intaneti pa masamba chikhalidwe;
- kusakaniza kusakaniza kwa mbeu;
- masamba achikasu.
Mukadzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka alipo ndondomeko yapadera yothetsera kufalikira kwa nthata zamadzimadzi mpaka pamtunda:
- mutatha kukolola, nkofunika kuwononga ziwalo zonse za mbeu;
- Ndikofunika kukumba malo omwe akuyenera kubzala nkhaka, popeza tizirombo tikudikirira m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri pamwamba pa nthaka;
- Chakudya chofunikira m'nyengo yachisanu pamene tizilombo timalandira namsongole, choncho ayenera kuchotsedwa kunthaka momwe tingathere;
- Pakukolola masamba a maluwa, nkofunika nthawi zonse kufufuza bwinobwino zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mbeu, ndipo pozindikira masamba omwe akukhudzidwa, nthawi yomweyo achotseni ndi kuwawononga (kuwotcha kapena kuika);
- Kusinthanitsa kwa kubzala nkhaka ndi tomato kapena kabichi zidzakhala zothandiza;
- Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza matendawa ndi biopreparations yapadera.
Ngati nkhaka ikukula imakhala pansi pa nyengo yotentha, chiwopsezo cha nthata za kangaude chimapitirira nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chakuti zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimapangidwa kuti azikhala bwino ndi kuswana: kutentha ndi kutsika.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi kufota kwa nkhaka ndi kuchiza nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera tizirombozi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndiyo kuonjezera msinkhu wa 75-85%.
Ndifunikanso kupanga fumigated losindikizidwa mutatha kukolola komanso musanafese. Dothi losanjikiza liyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo phokoso liyenera kutenthedwa ndi chipangizo chapadera (mwachitsanzo, chowotcha mpweya). Njira yothandiza kupewa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza phosphate.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yowononga tizilombo - mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - sizothandiza polimbana ndi akangaude.
Pali zipangizo zambiri zochotsera tizirombo kuchokera ku zamasamba. Zogwira mtima kwambiri zimaganiziridwa inseacacaricides, koma palibe njira zotetezera kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, choncho amagwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizana ndi enteric. Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumadalira kwambiri kutentha kwapamwamba (kutentha kwake kumawerengedwa, kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pamapiritsi). Mankhwalawa ndi Karbofos, Bitoxibacillin ndi ena. Tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza zomera ndi madakonzedwe madzulo, kotero kuti mankhwalawa asasunthike mwamsanga ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yogwira malo omwe akukhudzidwa. 
Phytoseiulus mite amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera nthata zamagulu, zomwe ziri pafupi ndi malo omwe zomera zimakhudzidwa. Nyamazi amawononga mazira a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke. Kubzala phytoseiulus kumalimbikitsidwa pakati pa masabata atatu.
Malangizo kwa wamaluwa: momwe angachitire ndi matenda a nkhaka; mankhwala amtundu wa matenda ndi tizirombo ta nkhaka.
Palinso njira zosiyanasiyana zochotseratu tizilombo:
- mankhwala ndi madzi sopo;
- kufalitsa pa tsamba la bowa entomoftor;
- kubzala katsabola, kukopa mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kugonjetsa msanga kangaude.
Video: Kumenyana ndi kangaude pamaguchi
Chithunzi choyera
Zojambula zapamwamba ndizofala matenda a tizilombozomwe zimapita patsogolo nthawi zambiri pa zomera zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'miyambo ya zamasamba kudzera minofu yowonongeka ndipo imayikidwa ku mizu. Matenda oterewa ndi owopsa kwa nkhaka, chifukwa amachepetsera kuchuluka kwa mbeu, komanso amachepetsa makhalidwe ake. 
Zifukwa za kugonjetsedwa kwa chikhalidwe cha matenda opatsiranawa akhoza kukhala zizindikiro za kutentha (kuposa 25 ° C) komanso kusiyana kwake kwakukulu usiku ndi usana.
Mukudziwa? Nkhukazo zikakhala zodabwitsa kwambiri, ndiye Turkish Sultan Mahomet yemwe anali wankhanza komanso wonyada kwambiri Wachiŵiri adatsegula m'mimba mwa antchito ake asanu ndi awiri pamene adamva kuti mmodzi wa iwo adadya masamba omwe adatumizidwa kwa iye.
Zizindikiro zosavuta kuzidziwitsa matendawa ndizo kusintha kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe a mbewu:
- kukula kwa lashes kumachepa mofulumira;
- Pamapanga aang'ono, timadontho tating'onoting'ono ta chikasu, omwe, ngati matendawa akukulirakulira, amalowa pamalo amodzi ndi mitsempha yobiriwira;
- Chipatso cha chomeracho chili ndi mawonekedwe osalimba ndi mtundu wosagwirizana ndi siteji ya matendawa.
Pali njira zambiri zothana ndi matendawa, koma zenizeni zowonongeka ndi kumvetsetsa kwa wolima masamba zimathandiza kupeŵa zotsatira zovulaza ndi kuchiritsa zomera. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuika kapena kukonzanso fungicides si njira yabwino yothetsera maonekedwe oyera, koma njira zogwira mtima kwambiri zimaganiziridwa:
- kuchotsa nthawi ndi nthawi ngati namsongole ngati njira yabwino kwambiri ya matenda;
- kugula mbewu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa okhazikika, monga chomera chomwe amachotsedwa sayenera kuipitsidwa (mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa kwa zaka zitatu mutatha kukolola);
- Zonse zatsalira za mbewu zakukolola mutatha kukolola ziwonongeke;
- Kudyetsa kwachitsulo kumatsutsananso;
- Ngati n'kotheka, pewani kuthirira nkhaka ndi madzi ozizira kuti muthetse kutentha kwadzidzidzi;
- zomera zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pa webusaitiyi;
- Pangani njira zowonetsera maonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba;
- kusakaniza nkhaka zathanzi komanso zipangizo zonse zachinyumba.
Timalimbikitsa kuwerenga za udzu: magulu achilengedwe ndi mndandanda wa namsongole wamba; Njira zothetsera mavuto ndi zovuta.
Video: kumenyana ndi makompyuta
Aphid
Mmodzi wa adani akuluakulu a nkhaka ndi aphid, yomwe muyenera kuyamba kumenyana ndi zomera mumtunda, ndipo pamatseguka kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timadya zomera zomwe zimayambitsa selo. Njira yokha yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ikuphatikizapo kupukuta ma tisses ndi jekeseni wa poizoni, zomwe zimayambitsa kupotoza masamba. Mu masamba a mawonekedwe awa, mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso imabisala kuchokera ku mbalame ndi tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono, kuteteza anthu ake. Aphil imafalikira mwamsanga pa zinthu zonse za chomera (mazira, maluwa, mphukira).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zidziwika, zitha kuchitidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kuwononga kwambiri gawo la masamba a masamba ndikusiya wolima masamba popanda mbewu. Akatswiri amanena kuti ngati sizinali za "adani" achilengedwe a tizilomboti, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala chomera chimodzi padziko lapansi, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi omnivorous.
Nyerere zomwe zimadya pa madzi okoma omwe tizirombo timatuluka timabweretsa ku malo atsopano a nsabwe za m'masamba. Choncho, njira yaikulu yotetezera iyenera kukhala kuthetsa nyerere pafupi ndi malo a kulima ndiwo zamasamba. 
Palinso zodzaza zovuta zothandizira kuchepetsa mavuto alionse a nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka:
- Ndikofunika kusankha mitundu yosakanikirana ya mbeu zolima;
- mu malo obiriwira ndi zofunikira kuti muteteze mabowo a mpweya wabwino momwe mungathere (kuyimitsa ndi gauze kapena chinthu china chilichonse chabwino).
- pa nthaka yotseguka, kuphimba zomera ndi webusaiti ya nonwoven idzakhala yowonjezera.
Kulimbana ndi tizilombo tomwe tayamba kufalitsa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yochokera kudziko, komanso zinthu zamakono zamakampani agrotechnical.
Awerengenso za kulimbana ndi mankhwala a nsabwe za m'masamba, kuteteza nkhaka ku nsabwe za m'masamba.
Zina mwa njira zodziwika zotsutsana ndi thupi ndi njira yeniyeni yochizira zomera ndi tincture ya fodya. Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa zomera zokongola, koma osati nkhaka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu azidya. 
Mwa njira zoyenera kwambiri zomwe muyenera kuziwona kuphika mbiri imachokera:
- nsonga za mbatata;
- chodabwitsa;
- adyo;
- peyala anyezi;
- mtengo;
- dandelion;
- sorelo.
Phunzirani zambiri pa kupanga fumbi fodya, mbatata ndi tomato nsonga.
Kuti pakhale njira yowonjezereka yopangidwira mowonjezereka, muyenera kuwonjezera njira yothetsera sopo. Pamunsi pa masamba a zomera ayenera kusamalidwa bwino kamodzi pa sabata mpaka tizilombo tifafanizidwe kwathunthu.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukulowa m'madzi, chifukwa kuthamanga sikungangowononga tizilombo, komanso kumatentha chomeracho, komanso kuwononga adani omwe ali ndi chiwindi, omwe amawunikira pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Komanso ntchito yabwino polimbana ndi tizirombozi tikhoza kukhala nayo zamakono zamakono:
- vodka inasonyeza bwino kwambiri pamene imafalikira pa zomera zowononga, koma njirayi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri - mtengo;
- Coca-Cola ikuphatikizapo chigawo china - orthophosphoric asidi. Izi mfundo kwambiri mwamsanga amapha onse parasitic nyama mu masamba mbewu ndi bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwala;
- mafuta oyenera ndi soda mu chiwerengero cha 70 g ya soda ndi madontho 15 a mafuta ndi 2 malita a madzi. Ndikofunika kupopera chikhalidwe ndi kusakaniza kamodzi patsiku kwa masiku atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tiwonongeke.
Ndikoyenera kumvetsera mwatsatanetsatane malamulo oti mugwiritse ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto. Pofuna kuyesa zogwira ntchito bwino, ndi bwino kukonza gawo laling'ono la munda wa ndiwo zamasamba ndi kuwona zotsatira, ndipo izi zitangomaliza kufalitsa malo onse obzala. Mankhwala akhoza kuchitidwa pa siteji ya kucha zipatso, koma pasanathe masiku 40 asanakolole.
Pezani chifukwa chake mazira ndi masamba a nkhaka amatembenukira chikasu.
Kuchokera pa mndandanda wa tizilombo, Kinmiks, Inta-vir ndi Arrivo ndizoyenera kwambiri, komanso kuchokera ku mankhwala - Fitoverm, Aktofit ndi zina zofanana. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsya, choncho ndibwino kuti muwagwiritse ntchito pasanathe milungu itatu musanafike.
Komanso phosphate ndi fetashi feteleza zimathandiza kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezedwa kamodzi pa sabata. Njira yothetserayi imapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera 18-20 g wa superphosphate ndi 8-10 g wa potaziyamu kloride pa 10 malita a madzi.
Video: Njira zothetsera nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka
Vuto loyera
Kuvunda koyera ndi matenda omwe amatha kufalitsa zomera zomwe zimakhudza mbali zonse za mbeu, kuphatikizapo tsinde, masamba ndi zipatso. Mavuto abwino pa chitukuko cha sclerotia bowa ndi mkulu wa chinyezi ndi kuchepa kwakukulu mu zizindikiro za kutentha kwa malo akunja. Komanso, matendawa amasonyeza kukula kwakukulu pakati pa kubzala mwamphamvu ndi mpweya wosasinthasintha wa wowonjezera kutentha. Mitundu yaing'ono ya bowa, yomwe imagwidwa mu bala la masamba, imayambitsa matenda. 
Zizindikiro za kuvunda koyera zimasiyana malinga ndi siteji ya matenda:
- kumayambiriro koyamba, mawanga akuda, amapangika msanga kuchokera ku mizu;
- ndiye pambali pa mawangawo kukula kwakukulu kumapangidwa - a mycelium (moyang'ana mofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje);
- ndiye ntchentche imapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje iyi, yomwe imatuluka kuchokera ku masamba a chomera chokhudzidwa kupita ku tchire lina;
- ndiye mycelium imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imapanga sclerotia yapadera;
- Pambuyo pake, kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa chikhalidwe cha masamba kumachitika.
Ndikofunikira! Sclerotinia ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zotsutsana pazigawo zosiyana za kucha, kuyambira kumera ndi kutha ndi fruiting siteji.
Белая гниль попадает в почву с насыпным грунтом, водой или через садовый инвентарь. Заражение происходит путем мицелия, который распространяется воздушным и механическим путями. 
К гибели огурцов приводит гниение корней и стеблей. Также засыхание побегов значительно уменьшает урожайность растения. Choncho, m'pofunikira kuthetsa matendawa mutangodziwa zizindikiro zoyamba (makamaka pa tsiku lopanda mpweya ndi chinyezi). Choyamba muyenera kusiya kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa kuchepetsa chinyezi. Nthendayi yokhayo imayenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala otentha a Topaz kapena Oxyhom pamtambo wotentha.
Palinso njira yotchuka yogwiritsira ntchito whey inasefulidwa m'madzi (chiwerengero cha 3: 7). Kuonjezera zotsatira pa malita 10 a yankho, muyenera kuwonjezera supuni ya supuni mkuwa sulphate.
Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza ntchito ya vitriol ya buluu: gwiritsani ntchito horticulture, kuvulaza ndi zotsatira za poizoni wa mkuwa sulphate.
Ngati kachilomboka kanakhudza kachigawo kakang'ono ka chomera, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuti muchite ndondomeko yotsatira yotsatira:
- Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la choko, potaziyamu permanganate ndi madzi ku mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa;
- Kulekanitsa ndi kuwononga malo okhudzidwa (ndikofunikira kulanda minofu yathanzi pamene akulekanitsa kuti kuchepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kachiwiri);
- Pangani chodulidwa ndi mandimu kapena malasha kuti mufulumire kukonzanso;
- ndiye ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza foliar ndi njira ya urea (10 g), nthaka (1 g), mkuwa sulphate (2 g) mu 10 malita a madzi. Izi zidzakuthandizira kulimbikitsa ntchito zotetezera za mbeu;
- kuonetsetsa kuti msambo ukukhazikika: + 17 ... +19 ° С, kuthamanga nthawi ndi nthawi komanso kuthirira mobwerezabwereza.
Ali ndi matenda amphamvu a chitsamba (pamene zovunda zoyera zatenga pafupifupi mbewu yonse), mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito, kotero ndikofunikira kuchotsa chomera ndi nthaka yomwe ili pafupi kuti apulumutse miyambo yozungulira.
Njira zowononga zimaphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu za kayendedwe ka nthaka: chithandizo cha nthaka musanabzala, kuonetsetsa kuti mtunda uli pakati pa zomera, kuchotsa zatsalira mutatha kukolola. Njira zenizeni za matenda amtundu uwu zimayesedwa kuti zimakhala zowonongeka nthawi zonse, zimakhala zowonongeka kwa mpweya, komanso zothandizira nthawi imodzi ya tchire ndi 0.01% planriz yankho.
Video: kupewa ndi kulamulira koyera
Whitefly
Whitefly ya wowonjezera kutentha ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri kwa nkhaka zomwe zimakhala poteteza greenhouses. Izi zimatulutsa mofulumira, makamaka ngati njira zowonetsera zomera sizikutsatiridwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timakhala ndi mpweya wonse. Munthu wamkulu wamkulu wa whitefly wowonjezera kutentha amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa thupi lachikasu mu kukula kwake kuchokera ku 0.9 mpaka 1.5 mm. 
Mapiko a tizilombo ndi oyera, okhwima, amatha kupukuta limodzi. Whiteflies ali ndi nyenyezi zofiirira zofiira. Mphutsi ya tizilomboti timakula mpaka mamita 0.8 mm, timakhala ndi mawonekedwe oblongola, mthunzi wobiriwira ndi maso obiriwira. Mkazi aliyense wa whitefly wowonjezera kutentha amatha kupanga mazira opitirira zana, kukula kwa mazira omwe amasiyana pakati pa sabata kapena awiri, zomwe zimadalira kutentha kwa chilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Kuchokera pa mazira okhwima, amuna ndi akazi amawoneka mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1, koma apamwamba kutentha kwa mpweya, chiwerengero chachikulu cha amuna. Mazira osapangidwira, amuna okhawo amapangidwa.
Moyo wa tizilombo timadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa magawo sikisi, kuyambira ndi dzira, magawo anayi a mphutsi ndi imago. Kuyambira pa dzira mpaka pa siteji yotsatira, zimatengera masiku 20 mpaka 40, zomwe zimadalira kutentha (zizindikiro zabwino - + 21 ... + madigiri 2727 pamwamba pa zero) ndi kutentha kwa mpweya (kuyambira 60 mpaka 75%). Mu nyengo imodzi, kukula kwa mibadwo khumi ndi iwiri ya whiteflies ikhoza kuchitika.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za njira za nkhaka zowononga tizilombo.
Mafuta oyerawa amatha kuika m'magulu a anthu angapo pamunsi mwa tsamba, kupanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mphete. Mankhusu akuluakulu, ngati mphutsi zawo, amadyetsa nyemba za zomera zomwe sizimalola kuti zikhale bwino. Pambuyo pake, tizilombo timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timayambitsa matenda a fungal (masamba obiriwira). 
Ngati zowonongeka zimakhala zofiira pamapiko ndi zopotoka, pang'onopang'ono zowuma, chifukwa chipika chakuda chimalepheretsa zithunzi. Chikhalidwe chimayambitsa njira ya nthendayi, chiwerengero cha zipatso chikuchepa, ndipo zokololazo zimakhala zochepa. Choyamba, masambawo awonongeka pamwamba, kenako whitefly imasunthira pansi pa tsinde lonse la mbewu, ikugwa pa zomera zomwe zimayandikana ndikuyendetsa mmenemo. Koma m'nyengo ya chilimwe imasintha mbewu za masamba ndi namsongole m'madera otseguka.
Ndikofunikira! Whitefly yowonjezera kutentha imadziwika ndi ntchito yaikulu kuyambira nthawi yachiwiri ya chilimwe ndi yophukira. Mu njira zambiri, moyo wa tizilombowu umadalira mmera umene umakhalamo: umakhala pamwamba pa eggplants (masiku 35 kapena kuposerapo), ndipo pang'onopang'ono (masiku 4) pa tsabola.
Hothouse whitefly ingathe kukhazikika pa mitundu yoposa 200 ya zomera zomwe zimalimidwa, koma makamaka ndizoopsa kwa nkhaka ndi tomato. Pofuna kupewa maonekedwe a greenfly wowonjezera kutentha pa mbewu, m'pofunika kusamala, kuchita mankhwala opatsirana:
- malo otsekemera mpweya wa malo odyetsera akulimbikitsidwa kuti atseke ndi maukonde a udzudzu;
- Musanabzala masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedweratu ndikuchitidwa nthawi zonse;
- Zotsatira za zikhalidwe nthawi zonse ndi njira yothetsera sopo;
- zimalimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi maonekedwe omwe sakhala otentha kwambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha (tizilombo timene timakonda kutentha ndi kutentha);
- Mukhoza kukulitsa nthaka powonjezera zojambulazo poopseza whitefly, koma njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa mbewu zochepa.
Zitetezo zotero sizothandiza nthawi zonse, ndipo zimayamba kuoneka. zizindikiro za kukhalapo kwa whitefly wowonjezera kutentha:
- Mawanga achikasu amaoneka pamapazi ndi malire, omwe amakula pang'ono kukula;
- masamba ndi mphukira amapotoka, ndiye zowuma;
- pamwamba pa masamba pali kukwera ndi chidziwitso chodziwika;
- Matendawa amayamba, kenako amdima amakhudza zipatso zokha.
Phunzirani zoyenera kuchita ndi midges pa nkhaka.
Pambuyo pozindikira zizindikilo zoterezi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zoyera za whitefly:
- Njira zothandizira makina (kutenga tizilombo tooneka ndi manja, kutulutsa madzi, kusamalira mbewu ndi njira yothetsera sopo) sizotsutsana ndi chitsimikizo chenicheni, popeza tizilombo tingathe kubwerera ku mbewu, komabe izi zidzakhala zosavuta kwa zomera kwa kanthawi. Njira zamakinazo zimaphatikizapo kupanga mapepala othandizira pamapepala achikasu kapena a buluu omwe amachitidwa ndi njira yothetsera mafuta, mafuta odzola mafuta, rosin, uchi.
- Njira zowonongeka: majeremusi enkarsia, omwe amakula kwambiri kuti amenyane ndi whitefly ndipo amafa atangodya zonse; Chotsatira choyamba - chitsimikizo choyamba - 1 mutu adyo kutsanulira hafu ya lita imodzi ya madzi, kuchoka kwa sabata, kenaka pukutsani madzi okwanira 5 g kulowetsedwa madzi okwanira imodzi ndikupanga zomera zonse, njira yachiwiri - 80 g wa masamba a yarrow kuthira madzi okwanira, kutsindika masiku awiri, mavuto, kutsitsila chikhalidwe);
- Njira zothandizira mankhwala (kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zochitika zoopsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zobiriwira whitefly).
Video: kumenyana ndi whitefly
Kuchiza kwa matenda a nkhaka: ndemanga
Nkhaka kulima ndi njira yosavuta ngati ichitiridwa mosamala, mosamala, komanso ngati njira zonse zothandizira zimatha nthawi yochepa. Ndi njirayi, chomeracho chidzayamika zokolola zokoma za nkhaka zokoma, zokongola ndi zathanzi, ndipo nthaka idzakhala yoyera ndi yachonde.
